TCD检测颈内动脉颅外段重度狭窄颅内动脉血流动力学参数的价值

目的 探讨经颅多普勒超声（TCD）对颈内动脉颅外段（EICA）重度狭窄中颅内动脉血流动力学参数的检测价值。方法 选取2018-05—2023-01湖北省中西医结合医院收治的63例EICA狭窄患者为研究对象,根据临床表现及检查结果 分为症状组（n=34）、无症状组（n=29）。所有研究对象均接受TCD诊断,对比2组患者EICA狭窄情况,对比不同狭窄程度患者的MCA血流动力学参数,以及重度无症状、症状患者MCA血流动力学参数,对比症状组、无症状组侧支循环开放情况。结果 症状组、无症状组患者EICA狭窄分布情况对比差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,症状组重度EICA狭窄发生率高于无症状组。不同狭窄程度患者大脑中动脉（MCA）血流动力学参数对比差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。重度狭窄症状组患者MCA的收缩期峰时血流速度（PSV）、舒张末期血流速度（EDV）、平均血流速度（Vm）、搏动指数（PI）均低于重度狭窄无症状组（P<0.05）。TCD显示,2组轻度、中度狭窄患者均未见侧支循环开放事件,而重度无症状组前交通动脉（ACoA）、后交通动脉（PCoA）侧支循环开放率均高于重度...     

颈内动脉严重狭窄时脑部症状与Willis环侧支循环建立的关系

目的应用经颅超声多普勒(TCD)检测颈内动脉(ICA)严重狭窄,探讨Willis环的侧支循环与临床症状之间的相关性.方法分析34例ICA严重狭窄患者(其中有症状组16例和无症状组18例)侧支循环的类型、大脑中动脉(MCA)的平均血流速度(Vm)、脉动指数(PI)及频谱改变,并与30例正常人进行对照.结果存在3种侧支循环类型前交通动脉(ACOA)型,后交通动脉(PCOA)型,眼动脉(OA)型.无症状组的侧支循环中,ACOA型占88.9%,狭窄侧MCA Vm为59.1±8.7cm/s;有症状组ACOA型占50%,有4例未检出侧支循环,狭窄侧MCA Vm为48.6±7.3cm/s(P＜O.OO1).所有患者狭窄侧的MCA PI减低(p＜O.001),且频谱低平呈波浪状,波峰变钝,失去收缩峰的特征.结论TCD可以发现ICA严重狭窄患者Willis环侧支循环的显著异常改变,研究Willis环的侧支循环对ICA产重狭窄患者治疗和授后的判断其有重要的临床价值.     

症状性颈内动脉重度狭窄或闭塞患者的侧支循环评估

目的 探讨症状性颈内动脉重度狭窄或闭塞患者的侧支循环评估。方法 选取中国人民解放军火箭军总医院(原第二炮兵总医院)神经内科住院的症状性颈内动脉重度狭窄或闭塞患者41例,首先采用德国EME公司TC-2000S型经颅彩超多普勒(Transcranial Doppler,TCD)仪,常规检测双侧颈总动脉及颈内动脉、颅内Willis环及相关主要动脉分支,进行侧支循环评估; 进一步采用德国西门子64层螺旋CT扫描机行CT血管成像(CT angiography in diagnosis,CTA)检查,明确颈内动脉病变的存在; 再应用PHILIPS FD20 DSA数字减影机行全脑血管造影术并进行侧支循环评估,评估颈内动脉闭塞性病变后的侧支循环代偿能力,评估眼动脉侧支循环通路的开放情况及作用。结果 41例患者颈内动脉重度狭窄24例,颈内动脉闭塞17例。TCD显示ACoA开放5例,占12.2%,DSA为4例,占9.76%; TCD显示PCoA开放5例,占12.20%,DSA为3例,占7.32%; TCD判断OA开放25例,占60.98%,DSA为23例,占56.11%; TCD提示LA开放3例,占7.32%,DSA提示2例,占4.88%; TCD显示无侧支循环开放者16例,占39%,DSA为14例,占34.15%。TCD和DSA在评估侧支血管开放数量方面无显著差异(P>0.05)。TCD评估眼动脉开放在颈内动脉重度狭窄和闭塞的患者中有显著差异(P<0.05)。颈内动脉重度狭窄患者和闭塞患者的TCD及DSA侧支循环评估无显著差异(P>0.05)。OA单独开放患者较无OA开放患者PI值高。狭窄组MCA的PI值低于闭塞组,狭窄组OA最高流速低于闭塞组(P<0.05)。颈内动脉狭窄组OA单独开放数量<闭塞组(P<0.05)。结论(1)TCD与DSA在评估侧支循环血管开放数量方面的作用基本一致,TCD可作为CTA和DSA侧支评估之前的初筛手段,可以独立作为侧支循环评估的检查手段;(2)眼动脉是否参与侧支循环及眼动脉的的开放程度与颈内动脉本身病变程度有关。眼动脉作为次级侧支通路参与侧支循环的程度与病情严重程度具有一定相关性,在颈内动脉慢性闭塞性患者眼动脉单独开放的比例>重度狭窄的患者,重度狭窄的患者OA最高流速低于闭塞组患者,这说明颈内动脉慢性闭塞性患者其OA开放后提供的灌注代偿作用相对更大。     

TCD对单侧颈内动脉重度狭窄或闭塞后颅内侧支循环的诊断和预后评价

目的 探讨TCD对单侧颈内动脉重度狭窄或闭塞后颅内侧支循环的诊断和预后评价的价值。方法 收集超声诊断为一侧颈内动脉重度狭窄或闭塞同时行TCD检查评价颅内侧支循环的病例共22例。根据患侧大脑中动脉（MCA）平均血流速度分组,同时根据磁共振和CT病变侧脑梗死范围大小将病例分为4级。分析侧支循环出现率以及侧支循环与MCA平均血流速度、脑梗死范围的关系。结果 所有病例均检测到侧支循环开放,16例（73%）前交通动脉开放,16例（73%）后交通动脉开放,13例（59%）眼动脉开放。患侧MCA平均血流速度正常组5例,偏下限组7例,减低组9例,明显减低组1例。病变侧脑梗死范围1级3例,2级7例,3级6例,4级6例。前交通动脉开放者的患侧MCA平均血流速度[（47.4±11.7）cm/s]明显高于无前交通动脉开放者[（35.8±5.0）cm/s,Z=—2.559,P=0.010]。前交通动脉开放者的梗死范围级别（2.4±1.0）明显低于无前交通动脉开放者（3.5±0.5,Z=—2.598,P=0.022）。结论 TCD在评价单侧颈内动脉重度狭窄或闭塞后颅内侧支循环方面起重要作用,且前交通动脉侧支开放对...     

经颅多普勒超声对颅内外动脉狭窄及侧支循环的评估价值

近年来,随着国内神经科医生对动脉粥样硬化性脑动脉狭窄在缺血性脑血管病的病因和发病机制中认识的不断深入,经颅多普勒超声(transcranial Doppler sonograply,TCD)检查的作用和地位也在不断提高.……     

侧支循环单侧颈内动脉起始部重度狭窄与缺血性脑血管事件

目的探讨单侧颈内动脉起始部重度狭窄时各侧支循环代偿出现的概率与缺血性脑血管事件的关系。方法选择数字减影血管造影术发现单侧颈内动脉起始部狭窄>70%患者46例,其中缺血性脑血管事件24例作为症状组;无缺血性脑血管事件22例作为无症状组。了解Willis血管环内径及构成,及代偿血管构成情况,分析代偿血管与缺血性脑血管事件的关系。结果 Willis环代偿是主要的侧支循环。症状组后环的变异率明显大于无症状组(P<0.005);症状组前交通动脉的管径明显小于无症状组[(1.36±0.18)mm vs(1.52±0.18)mm,P<0.01]。结论单侧颈内动脉起始部重度脉狭窄患者是否出现缺血性脑血管事件与Willis环的代偿完整性有关,一级供血代偿能力与Willis环是否存在结构变异及前交通动脉、后交通动脉的管径有关。     

单侧大脑中动脉重度狭窄及闭塞患者侧支循环形成的影响因素及其相关性分析

目的 分析急性缺血性脑卒中大脑中动脉M1段重度狭窄及闭塞患者侧支循环形成的因素及其与NHISS、mRS评分的相关性。方法 连续纳入2017年9月-2019年3月就诊于新乡医学院第一附属医院神经内科发病72 h内的大脑中动脉M1段重度狭窄及闭塞的52例患者,其中侧支循环不良组21例和侧支循环良好组31例; 收集患者的临床资料、实验室检查指标,并进行临床量表评估; 采用多因素Logistic回归分析影响侧支循环形成的因素,Spearman秩相关分析同型半胱氨酸与NHISS、mRS评分的相关性及Mann.Whitney U检验分析侧支循环形成与NHISS、mRS评分的关系。结果 多因素Logistic回归分析显示血同型半胱氨酸与侧支循环的形成有关(OR=1.097,95%CI=1.020～1.179,P=0.013); 血总胆固醇水平与侧支循环的形成有关(OR=2.129,95%CI=1.038～4.370,P=0. 039); Spearman秩相关分析显示血同型半胱氨酸水平与NIHSS评分(r=0.456,P=0.001)、mRS评分(r=0.402,P=0.003)呈正相关。Mann.Whitney U检验分析显示侧支循环良好组NIHSS(z=-2.339,P=0.019)评分、mRS(z=-2.233,P=0.026)评分明显低于侧支循环不良组评分。结论 高血总胆固醇、同型半胱氨酸水平不利于大脑中动脉重度狭窄及闭塞患者侧支循环的形成; 低血同型半胱氨酸水平、侧支循环良好可减轻脑梗死后神经功能缺损,改善生活质量。     

双侧颈内动脉起始部严重狭窄致侧支循环开放一例

1病例简介患者,男性,52岁,主因“发现双侧颈动脉狭窄1月余”入院。患者入院前1个月因发现左上肢无脉,行左锁骨下动脉支架植入术,术中造影发现双侧颈内动脉C1段开口处次全闭塞。     

Persistent Primitive Hypoglossal Artery with Ipsilateral Symptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis and Cerebral Aneurysm

ObjectivePersistent primitive hypoglossal artery (PPHA) is a rare type of persistent carotid-basilar anastomosis sometimes associated with other vascular lesions. We treated an extremely rare case of PPHA with concomitant ipsilateral symptomatic cervical internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis and unruptured aneurysm.Case presentationA 67-year-old woman visited our institution with acute onset of diplopia. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed multiple acute infarctions in the right anterior and posterior circulations. Digital subtraction angiography demonstrated the right PPHA concomitant with ipsilateral cervical ICA stenosis and an unruptured ICA aneurysm with maximum diameter of 8 mm. The multiple infarctions were considered to result from artery-to-artery embolism due to microthrombi from the ICA plaque passed along the PPHA, so carotid endarterectomy was performed as the first step with preoperative modified Rankin Scale (mRS) grade 1. During the operation, the patient had impaired ICA perfusion due to internal shunt catheter migration into the PPHA followed by acute infarction in the right hemisphere causing mild left hemiparesis. The patient was transferred to the rehabilitation hospital with mRS grade 3. After 3 months of rehabilitation, the patient recovered to mRS grade 1 and clipping surgery for the unruptured right ICA aneurysm was performed as the second step with uneventful postoperative course.ConclusionThe treatment strategy should be carefully considered depending on the specific blood circulation for such cases of PPHA with unique vasculature.     

颈动脉超声与经颅多普勒超声联合应用 诊断并随访双侧椎动脉夹层1例

正1病例介绍患者,女性,41岁。主因"头晕、恶心、呕吐7 d"于2013年5月26日入院。7 d前患者弯腰洗头后突然抬头,随后出现双眼前发黑,与体位无关的持续性头晕,无复视、视物旋转、耳鸣及听力下降,伴恶心、呕吐10余次,呕吐物为胃内容物,病程中无肢体瘫痪,无意识障碍。在当地医院按"脑供血不足"治疗后病情未见明显缓解,遂来我院就诊。     

重度症状性颈内动脉狭窄血管内支架置入术治疗报道

1病例简介 患者,男,52岁,汉族,因"突发言语不清、左肢无力3 d"于2010年1月16日以"脑梗死"收入我院.患者于住院3 d前在安静状态时突发言语不清,左上肢无力,但可抬起,能行走,无头晕、头痛,无肢体抽搐,无大小便失禁,无意识障碍,至当地医院就诊,按脑梗死给予抗血小板及改善循环等治疗(具体不详),为进一步诊治转诊我院.     

症状性颈动脉狭窄伴有同侧中动脉狭窄的介入治疗效果研究

目的   比较单纯颈动脉支架置入术治疗和联合颈动脉、大脑中动脉支架置入术治疗症状性颈动脉狭窄伴有中动脉狭窄的缺血性卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作（transient ischemic attack,TIA）患者短期终点事件发生率。 方法  回顾2010年1月～2013年12月采用血管内支架治疗症状性颈动脉狭窄伴有同侧大脑中动脉狭窄的缺血性卒中或TIA患者的临床资料。根据治疗情况将患者分为单纯颈动脉支架置入术治疗组和联合颈动脉、大脑中动脉支架置入术治疗组。比较两组术后90?d终点事件（包括同侧缺血性卒中复发、症状性脑出血及死亡风险）的发生率。 结果  共有21例患者纳入本研究,男性15例,女性6例,平均年龄（58.5±3.6）岁,其中16例患者进行了颈动脉支架治疗,5例患者进行了颈动脉联合中动脉支架治疗。颈动脉支架治疗组90?d终点事件发生3例（18.75%）,颈动脉联合中动脉支架治疗组发生1例终点事件（20%）,两组间差异无显著性（P=0.952）。两组发生的终点事件均为缺血性卒中复发,无症状性脑出血及死亡患者。 结论  对于伴有颈动脉及大脑中动脉狭窄的缺血性卒中或TIA患者,与单纯颈动脉支架治疗相比同时进行颈动脉及大脑中动脉支架治疗手术未减少术后90?d同侧缺血性卒中复发风险。     

Congenital Horner Syndrome with Heterochromia Iridis Associated with Ipsilateral Internal Carotid Artery Hypoplasia

BackgroundHorner syndrome (HS), also known as Claude-Bernard-Horner syndrome or oculosympathetic palsy, comprises ipsilateral ptosis, miosis, and facial anhidrosis.ConclusionsCT evaluation of the skull base is essential to establish this diagnosis and distinguish aplasia from agenesis/hypoplasia (by the absence or hypoplasia of the carotid canal) or from acquired ICA obstruction as demonstrated by angiographic CT.     

Acute Cerebral Infarction in a Patient with Persistent Trigeminal Artery and Homolateral Hypoplasia of Internal Carotid Artery Distal Anastomosis: A Case Report and a Mini Review of the Literature

BackgroundPersistent primitive trigeminal artery (PPTA) is a rare remnant between the internal carotid artery (ICA) and the basilar artery into adulthood. PPTA generally lacks specific clinical manifestations and occasionally accompanies with other cerebrovascular diseases.Case presentationWe reported a 48-year-old Chinese woman who had repeated episodes of transient ischemic attack presented to our hospital. She had no related risk factors of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases. Magnetic resonance image findings demonstrated acute cerebral infraction in centrum semiovale. Magnetic resonance angiography findings indicated right PPTA and ipsilateral hypoplasia of ICA distal anastomosis.ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that acute cerebral infarction in a patient with the right PPTA and ipsilateral hypoplasia of ICA distal anastomosis. According to the literature, congenital factor may play an important role in the formation of these vascular anomalies.     

Enlargement of a Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysm after Intra-Aneurysmal Embolization with Parent Artery Preservation for an Ipsilateral Large Internal Carotid Artery Aneurysm: A Case Report

We report a 77-year-old woman with marked enlargement of a middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysm 4 years after the successful intra-aneurysmal embolization of an ipsilateral large internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysm. She intially presented with right third cranial nerve palsy due to a large ICA aneurysm, 20.8 mm in diameter. Initial magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) revealed a signal decrease in the right MCA, suggesting hemodynamic disturbance based on the contrast pooling in the right large ICA aneurysm exhibiting “Windkessel phenomenon”. The large ICA aneurysm was successfully managed by intra-aneurysmal embolization with parent artery preservation, and immediate post-treatment MRA demonstrated significant signal recovery in the right MCA. Meticulous follow-up by MRA identified sudden growth in the aneurysmal height within 1 week after embolization, with further growth over the following 4 years, necessitating microsurgical clipping. Enlargement of the ipsilateral distal aneurysm following the treatment of proximal large aneurysm could be altered by marked distal hemodynamic change in view of the sudden amelioration of the “Windkessel phenomenon”. Thus, we recommend meticulous follow-up of the associated distal aneurysm after the management of proximal large or giant aneurysms with parent artery preservation.     

T-Configuration Stent Placement for Carotid Bifurcation Stenosis Co-Existing with Ipsilateral Intracranial Stenosis: A Case Report and Literature Review

In patients with carotid bifurcation stenosis co-existing with ipsilateral intracranial artery stenosis, combined treatment with carotid artery stenting (CAS)/carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and extracranial-to- intracranial (EC-IC) bypass can be a useful option to prevent future ischemic stroke events. EC-IC bypass requires a sufficient antegrade flow in the ipsilateral external carotid artery. However, standard CAS/CEA occasionally lead to external carotid artery occlusion. Herein, we present a case of successful one-stage endovascular revascularization of both the antegrade internal and external carotid artery flow using the carotid T-stent technique for carotid bifurcation stenosis co-existing with ipsilateral middle cerebral artery stenosis.     

Trigeminal Neuralgia Caused by an Anomalous Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery from the Primitive Trigeminal Artery: Case Report

A 61-year-old woman presented with typical trigeminal neuralgia (TN), caused by an aberrant posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) associated with the primitive trigeminal artery (PTA). Magnetic resonance angiography and digital subtraction angiography clearly showed an anomalous artery directly originating from the PTA and coursing into the PICA territory at the cerebellum. During microvascular decompression (MVD), we confirmed and decompressed vascular compression of the trigeminal nerve by this anomalous, PICA-variant type of PTA. The PTA did not conflict with the trigeminal nerve, and the anomalous PICA only compressed the caudolateral part of the trigeminal nerve, without the more common compression at its root entry zone. This case is informative due not only to its very unusual angioanatomical variation but also to its helpfulness for surgeons preparing a MVD for a TN associated with such a rare vascular anomaly.