结核分枝杆菌早期分泌抗原靶6家族其他蛋白抗原的研究进展

目前结核分枝杆菌的致病机制和宿主的防御机制尚不十分清楚,结核分枝杆菌蛋白抗原生物学特性的研究有助于该问题的阐明,将为结核病疫苗、免疫诊断试剂和新药的开发奠定基础.早期分泌抗原靶6（ESAT-6）家族蛋白是一类小分子蛋白,呈螺旋状结构,它们通过ESAT-6分泌系统（ESAT-6 secretion system,ESX）分泌到细胞外.该家族共有23个成员（EsxA～W）,其在基因组上相邻排列的2个蛋白编码基因形成11个类操纵子结构的基因对.该家族蛋白参与宿主与致病菌之间的相互作用,是人免疫系统识别的优势抗原,大多数是T细胞优势抗原,在结核分枝杆菌致病机制和机体的免疫保护机制方面起关键作用.鉴于EsxA和EsxB的研究概况国内外报道较多,而其他ESAT-6家族成员研究报道较少.因此,笔者着重概要地介绍ESAT-6家族其他成员的国内外研究进展情况,为进一步的深入研究和应用奠定基础.     

结核分枝杆菌ESAT-6蛋白的表达与纯化

目的构建结核分枝杆菌esat-6基因原核表达载体,使其在大肠杆菌中表达融合重组蛋白,并纯化。方法用PCR方法从结核分枝杆菌H37Rv基因组中扩增出esat-6基因片段,克隆至pMD18-T载体,PCR筛选阳性克隆并测序;用限制性内切酶消化后,目的片段亚克隆至表达载体pGEX-4T-2,构建pGEX-esat-6重组质粒,将其转化入大肠杆菌JM109;PCR和双酶切鉴定转化菌落;将阳性菌株经IPTG诱导,SDS-PAGE和免疫印迹分析靶蛋白的表达;用谷胱甘肽-琼脂糖亲合层析法纯化融合蛋白。结果PCR扩增出esat-6 288bp的基因,克隆到pMD18-T载体中,经测序与GenBank中序列一致;随后亚克隆到表达载体pGEX-4T-2构建重组表达质粒,在JM109中表达了ESAT-6融合蛋白,表达的蛋白能被GST免疫血清识别;通过亲和层析纯化获得的蛋白能被结核病人血清识别。结论成功构建esat-6重组表达质粒,该质粒在JM109中表达ESAT-6融合蛋白,并获得较纯的蛋白。     

牛分枝杆菌抗原MPB70、MPB83、CFP-10和ESAT-6的融合表达及相关特性分析

目的牛分枝杆菌抗原MPB70、MPB83、CFP-10和ESAT-6的融合表达及相关特性分析。方法应用PCR方法从牛分枝杆菌临床分离株基因组中扩增获得mpb70、mpb83、cfp-10和esat-6四个目的基因片段。采用重叠延伸剪接技术(splicing by overlap extension,SOE)获得融合基因cfp10-esat6和mpb83-cfp10-esat6,将mpb70和mpb83-cfp10-esat6串连于载体pUC19-Linker上,再将mpb70-mpb83-cfp10-esat6连于表达载体pET28a(+)中得到重组质粒pET70-83-C10-E6。转化BL21(DE3)感受态细胞后,经IPTG诱导获得以可溶形式表达的融合蛋白。用Ni2+亲合层析法纯化该融合蛋白。结果经ELISA验证该融合蛋白能分别与抗原蛋白MPB70、MPB83和CE(cfp10-esat6)的多抗反应,说明该融合蛋白具有四个抗原蛋白的免疫学活性。Western blot分析显示:该融合蛋白能与抗牛分枝杆菌阳性血清发生特异性反应,而与牛其它疾病的阳性血清不反应。热稳定性试验证明该融合蛋白属于热稳定性蛋白。结论融合表达了牛分枝杆菌的四种特异性抗原蛋白,该蛋白具有单个蛋白的免疫原性和稳定性,作为一种新型的诊断抗原具有良好的应用前景。     

肝细胞癌相关肿瘤抗原基因的筛选与分析

目的 筛选和分析肝细胞癌相关的肿瘤抗原。方法 用肝细胞癌组织构建cDNA表达文库，通过重组cDNA表达文库血清学分析法，用自体患者和异体患者的血清对文库进行筛选。将所得阳性噬菌体克隆体内剪切获得其pBK-CMV噬菌粒。通过限制性核酸内切酶鉴定插入cDNA片段，并作测序和生物信息学分析。同时将阳性克隆中的LIMS1插入片段进行原核表达。结果 自体血清筛选得到14种基因，异体筛选获得11种基因，两组中均筛选到kinectin，共有24种肝细胞癌相关的肿瘤抗原基因。其中有8种基因目前还不清楚其功能，其余16种基因根据确定的或者推断的功能可以分成8组。LIMS1原核重组蛋白表达成功。结论 本研究为肝细胞癌的免疫治疗提供了候选基因，并为理解肝细胞癌发生和发展的机制提供了线索。     

牛分枝杆菌抗原MPB70、MPB83、CFP-10和ESAT-6的融合表达及相关特性分析

目的牛分枝杆菌抗原MPB70、MPB83、CFP-10和ESAT-6的融合表达及相关特性分析。方法应用PCR方法从牛分枝杆菌临床分离株基因组中扩增获得mpb70、mpb83、cfp-10和esat-6四个目的基因片段。采用重叠延伸剪接技术(splicing by overlapextension,SOE)获得融合基因cfp10-esat6和mpb83-cfp10-esat6,将mpb70和mpb83-cfp10-esat6串连于载体pUC19-Linker上,再将mpb70-mpb83-cfp10-esat6连于表达载体pET28a(+)中得到重组质粒pET70-83-C10-E6。转化BL21(DE3)感受态细胞后,经IPTG诱导获得以可溶形式表达的融合蛋白。用Ni2+亲合层析法纯化该融合蛋白。结果经ELISA验证该融合蛋白能分别与抗原蛋白MPB70、MPB83和CE(cfp10-esat6)的多抗反应,说明该融合蛋白具有四个抗原蛋白的免疫学活性。Westernblot分析显示:该融合蛋白能与抗牛分枝杆菌阳性血清发生特异性反应,而与牛其它疾病的阳性血清不反应。热稳定性试验证明该融合蛋白属于热稳定性蛋白。结论融合表达了牛分枝杆菌的四种特异性抗原蛋白,该蛋白具有单个蛋白的免疫原性和稳定性,作为一种新型的诊断抗原具有良好的应用前景。     

结核分枝杆菌抗原融合蛋白Ag85B-ESAT6和Rv2031c-Rv2626c重组腺病毒的构建及鉴定

目的 构建表达结核分枝杆菌多阶段抗原融合蛋白Ag85B-ESAT6(AE)和Rv2031c-Rv2626c(R2)的重组腺病毒,为其用于结核病新型疫苗的研究奠定基础.方法 体外合成人延长因子1α(EF1α)启动子DNA序列,将其亚克隆至腺病毒穿梭载体pAdTrack-CMV中,构建含有CMV、EF1α双启动子的腺病毒穿...     

Mapping of the genes encoding the HLA-DR alpha chain and the HLA-related antigens to a chromosome 6 deletion by using genomic blotting.

We have used genomic blotting with DNA from a human cell line that has a small deletion on chromosome 6 (6.3.6) and from its parent cell line (T5-1) to map DNA fragments complementary to cloned DNA sequences encoding the HLA-B7 antigen (class I) and the alpha chain of the HLA-DR antigen (class II). The 6.3.6 variant fails to express the HLA-A, -B, -C, and -DR and MB specificities associated with one of the parental T5-1 haplotypes and has a visible deletion in the short arm of one chromosome 6 (1). The gene locus assignment was based on the expectation that, if the chromosomal location of the DNA sequences used as a hybridization probe were within the deletion, then the relative amount or size (or both) of genomic restriction fragments that hybridize to the probe in T5-1 and in 6.3.6 DNAs should differ predictably. By comparing the genomic blot patterns from T5-1 and 6.3.6 DNAs, we have shown directly that the loss of haplotype expression was due to deletion of the structural genes and have mapped the structural gene for the HLA-DR alpha chain to the chromosomal location (6p2105-6p23) defined by the 6.3.6 deletion. A cDNA clone encoding the alpha chain of the HLA-DR antigen hybridized to two genomic fragments, 4.2 and 3.8 kilobases long, generated by Bgl II digestion of T5-1 DNA. The 4.2-kilobase fragment was absent from DNA derived from the 6.3.6 deletion variant. Thus, this fragment could be assigned to the parental chromosome 6 with the A1, B8, DR3 haplotype, and the 3.8-kilobase fragment, to the chromosome 6 with the A2, B27, DR1 haplotype. In addition, comparison of the T5-1 and 6.3.6 genomic blot patterns obtained with the HLA-B7 probe revealed dosage differences for all of the class I genomic fragments generated by BamHI digestion, suggesting that all of the class I loci map to the region 6p2105-6p23.     

田鼠巴贝虫可溶性抗原组分分析及其初步应用

目的 分析田鼠巴贝虫可溶性抗原,寻找可用于免疫诊断的有效抗原组分.方法 用田鼠巴贝虫感染BALB/c小鼠,待虫血症达高峰期时,收集田鼠巴贝虫虫体;采用超声法制备可溶性粗抗原（soluble babesia antigens,SBA）并包板,ELISA检测血清特异性IgG,评价SBA的免疫反应性、交叉反应性和特异性;以SDS-PAGE电泳分析SBA组分,并进行Western Blot,分析其与感染鼠血清的反应性.结果 SBA-ELISA法可检测早期感染（7 d）小鼠血清,且与恶性疟、间日疟弓形虫病阳性血清无交叉反应,显示出其较好的诊断敏感性和较高的特异性.通过SDS-PAGE分析,获得5条分子质量为72、66、60、53、43 kDa的主蛋白带和介于14.4～116 kDa的7条次带.经Western Blot分析,SBA有15个抗原组分能被阳性小鼠血清识别,以72、53、43、39、30 kDa蛋白组分反应较强.结论 以SBA建立的间接ELISA可用于巴贝虫感染的有效筛查工具;田鼠巴贝虫可溶性抗原组分中72、53、43、39、30KDa为比较理想的抗原组分.     

Vaccine potential of influenza vectors expressing Mycobacterium tuberculosis ESAT-6 protein

We generated several attenuated recombinant influenza A vectors expressing the Mycobacterium tuberculosis early secretory antigenic target (ESAT-6) protein. The ESAT-6 protein was recently identified as one of the most promising protective antigens for cell-mediated immunity. The obtained vectors appeared to be capable of inducing ESAT-6 specific Th1 immune response in mice after intranasal immunization. We found that double immunization with two influenza vectors of different subtypes provided a significant level of protection in mice, when applied as prophylactic vaccine, as well as substantial therapeutic effect in mice with pre-established tuberculosis infection. Moreover, we found a strong synergistic effect when vaccination with Flu/ESAT-6 vectors was combined with isoniazid treatment, resulting in a dramatic reduction of bacterial load in the lungs of infected mice.     

结核杆菌Ag85A及ESAT-6双价抗原融合表达载体的构建及其在大肠杆菌中的高效表达

目的　为结核病新型疫苗研究提供靶基因和靶抗原。方法　采用PCR扩增的方法获得结核杆菌两种免疫保护性抗原Ag85A及ESAT - 6的基因 ,将其定向克隆入真核及原核穿梭表达型载体 pBK -CMV构建含嵌合目的基因的重组质粒 ,转化大肠杆菌后用IPTG进行诱导表达 ,并通过SDS -PAGE和Western -blotting对表达蛋白进行初步分析。结果　 1)从结核杆菌H37Rv株基因组DNA中扩增出Ag85A及ESAT - 6基因。 2 )成功构建了结核杆菌Ag85A及ESAT - 6双价抗原融合表达质粒 pBK - 85A -E6。 3)重组质粒 pBK - 85A -E6经IPTG诱导后能在大肠杆菌中稳定表达 38kDa的融合蛋白。 结论　成功构建了结核杆菌Ag85A及ESAT - 6双价抗原融合表达载体 ,并在大肠杆菌中实现了稳定表达 ,为进一步研究其在结核病基因工程疫苗研制中的应用奠定了基础。     

结核分枝杆菌CFP10-ESAT6融合蛋白在大肠杆菌中的高效表达

目的　在大肠杆菌中高效融合表达结核分枝杆菌分泌蛋白ESAT 6和CFP 10 ,获得纯化的重组ESAT6 CFP10 (rCFP10 ESAT6 )融合蛋白抗原。方法 通过聚合酶链反应 (polymerasechainreaction ,PCR)扩增CFP10 ESAT6融合基因 ;以质粒pET 2 8a为表达载体 ,构建重组质粒 ,转化大肠杆菌BL2 1(DE3) ;以异丙基硫代半乳糖苷 (IPTG)诱导表达目的蛋白 ,通过SDS PAGE电泳和蛋白免疫印迹法 (Westernblotting)鉴定rCFP10 ESAT6在大肠杆菌中的表达 ,确定rCFP10 ESAT6蛋白抗原在大肠杆菌中的表达形式 ;采用ChelatingSepharoseFastFlow蛋白纯化试剂纯化重组蛋白。West ernblotting及酶联免疫吸附试验 (ELISA)分析重组蛋白的免疫原性。结果 重组质粒pET2 8a CFP10 ESAT6中目的基因测序结果与报道序列相同 ;在大肠杆菌中以可溶性形式表达 ;分子量约2 8kDa ,表达量约占菌体总蛋白的 4 6 % ,纯化后的rCFP10 ESAT6样品经SDS PAGE和激光密度扫描分析表明其纯度为 90 %左右 ,每 10 0ml培养菌可获得 16mg左右的重组蛋白 ;Western印迹结果证实重组蛋白与His·tag单克隆抗体及确诊的肺结核病患者血清发生特异免疫反应。ELISA结果分析表明 ,该重组抗原能区分肺结核患者血清及正常人血清。结论 成功地表达和纯化了结核分枝杆菌CFP10-ESAT6融合蛋白。该重组蛋白具有特异的免疫原性。     

结核分枝杆菌早期分泌抗原靶6的研究进展及应用

目前,结核病已是传染病的头号杀手。全世界近1/3的人感染Mtb,而且每年约有900万新发临床结核病患者及200～300万死亡患者。随着多耐药Mtb和HIV与Mtb双重感染的发生率增加,迫切需要研制新的疫苗和抗结核药物,以及可靠的早期诊断方法。Mtb早期分泌抗原靶6（6 kDa early secreted antigenic target protein, ESAT-6）是结核病疫苗和结核病诊断试剂的候选蛋白质之一。现对ESAT-6的基础研究概况及应用综述如下。     

ESAT-6 and CFP-10 in clinical versus environmental isolates of Mycobacterium kansasii

Mycobacterium kansasii consists of 5 genetically distinct groups, of which 2 are associated with human disease. Determinants of the differences in virulence are unknown. Potential genes of interest are esat-6 and cfp-10, which are associated with virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis but are lacking in bacille Calmette-Guérin and in most environmental mycobacteria (M. kansasii is an exception). We investigated esat-6 and cfp-10 genes in 22 clinical and 14 environmental isolates of M. kansasii. Both were present in all isolates; each genetic group had its own characteristic Southern-blot pattern corresponding to a highly conserved fingerprint pattern. Nucleotide sequences of the genes differed 12.6% and 10.1%, respectively, from the M. tuberculosis homologues, but the deduced amino acid sequences were <5% different. In vitro, clinical and environmental genotypes of M. kansasii expressed CFP-10 and ESAT-6. Thus, virulence of M. kansasii is not directly related to esat-6 and cfp-10 genes or gene expression.     

结核分支杆菌ESAT-6真核表达质粒的构建及蛋白表达的鉴定

目的 用6kDa早期分泌性抗原靶蛋白(ESAT-6)基因构建真核表达重组质粒pcDNA3．1( )-ESAT-6，并鉴定其在真核细胞(COS-7)中的蛋白表达。方法 以结核杆菌H37Rv株基因组DNA为模板，用PCR对ESAT-6基因进行扩增，将扩增的产物连接于测序载体pUCm—T上，经测序反应确定无误后，再将PCR反应产物克隆于真核表达载体pcDNA3．1( )上。并用脂质体介导真核表达重组质粒pcDNA3．1( )-ESAT-6转染真核细胞COS-7，72h后，通过SDS—PAGE和免疫印迹鉴定ESAT-6基因表达的蛋白。结果 用结核杆菌基因ESAT-6构建重组真核表达质粒pcDNA3．1( )-ESAT-成功，通过SDS—PAGE证明重组质粒转化的细胞内有一分子量6kDa的特异蛋白，免疫印迹证明该6kDa蛋白能与抗ESAT-6单克隆抗体反应。结论 结核杆菌早期分泌性蛋白ESAT-6真核表达重组质粒成功构建，该质粒转染的细胞能够产生、分泌结核杆菌早期分泌性蛋白ESAT-6。     

Isolation of carp genes encoding major histocompatibility complex antigens

In the evolution of the adaptive immune system unique to vertebrates, teleost fish occupy the critical position. This is the most primitive class of lower vertebrates in which the capacity for acute allograft rejections can be demonstrated, thus suggesting the presence of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens and, therefore, T cells. Here, we report the identification of two putative MHC-antigen-encoding sequences in the carp Cyprinus carpio. One, identified as TLAI alpha-1, had reasonable homology to MHC class I heavy chains of mammalian and avian species, while the other, identified as TLAII beta-1, was homologous to MHC class II beta chain of the aforementioned higher vertebrates. For these isolations of fish MHC genes, we have identified two highly conserved amino acid sequence blocks surrounding two cysteine residues in the second domain of MHC class II beta chains as well as the third domain of class I heavy chains of humans, mice, and chickens. Two kinds of mixed oligonucleotide probes corresponding to these two regions were synthesized. The carp genomic DNA was subjected to amplification by polymerase chain reaction using the above two synthetic DNA fragments as primers. Subsequently, two different DNA sequences sandwiched by these primers were isolated from the amplified products. Their use as secondary probes led to the identification of TLAI alpha-1 and TLAII beta-1. We also discuss the applicability of the above approach for isolation from lower vertebrates of other genes belonging to the immunoglobulin super-family as well as the evolutionary origin of vertebrate MHC antigens.