载5-氟尿嘧啶聚乳酸纳米微粒瘤内注射治疗胃癌

目的观察生物可降解5-氟尿嘧啶聚乳酸纳米微粒（5-Fu-NPs）注射缓释剂用于肿瘤内局部给药的抗肿瘤活性。方法36只（SCID）小鼠随机分为6组，分别瘤内注射生理盐水的对照组、瘤内注射5．Fu．NPs（包括5-Fu20mg／kg体重和5-Fu30mg／kg体重）、无载药NPs、5-Fu注射液及腹腔注射5-Fu注射液，每3d瘤内给药1次共3次。观察荷瘤鼠肿瘤生长、荷瘤鼠给药前、后血象及给药后肿瘤组织凋亡指数。结果瘤内注射5-Fu-NPs缓释剂组小鼠肿瘤生长缓慢，瘤体明显小于5-Fu（含5-Fu20mg／kg体重）腹腔注射给药组，相应的抑瘤率分别为2．93％、22．87％、27．57％、41．64％和50．43％，其中以瘤内注射5-Fu-NPs对小鼠胃癌有较高抑瘤率，呈现良好的量效关系，且对骨髓的副作用为最小。结论瘤内应用5-Fu-NPs缓释剂的抗肿瘤效果优于局部和全身单纯5-Fu给药。     

光动力治疗人胆管癌细胞荷瘤裸鼠的实验研究

目的研究光动力疗法(photodynamic therapy,PDT)对人胆管癌荷瘤裸鼠的治疗效果,探讨其抗肿瘤性、安全性及腹腔注射和瘤内注射光敏剂两种不同给药途径疗效的差异。方法人胆管癌细胞QBC939接种于Balb/c裸小鼠皮下,建立荷瘤动物模型。以血卟啉衍生物(HpD)作光敏剂,采用腹腔内和瘤内注射2种不同给药方式,后以波长630 nm的激光照射肿瘤组织,观察PDT后肿瘤体积变化和病理改变。结果接受光动力治疗的两组肿瘤生长速度明显减慢,瘤内局部注射给药组疗效与腹腔给药组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);组织学检查见肿瘤组织有广泛坏死,各组裸鼠心、肝、肺、肾组织切片未见病理性结构改变。结论HpD,PDT对人胆管癌荷瘤裸鼠的肿瘤组织有杀伤作用,使肿瘤生长减慢;HpD-PDT杀伤胆管癌移植瘤的深度可达0.8cm;在本实验光照条件下的PDT治疗是安全的。     

鹅去氧胆酸浙贝乙素酯对H22荷瘤小鼠抑瘤作用*

目的研究新型化合物鹅去氧胆酸浙贝乙素酯(CDCA-Ver)对H22荷瘤小鼠体内肿瘤细胞生长和免疫器官的影响。方法采用鼠系肝癌细胞H22造荷瘤模型,将H22荷瘤小鼠40只,采用随机数字表法随机分成4组,每组10只,分别为模型对照组、环磷酰胺(CTX)组、CDCA-Ver腹腔注射组和CDCA-Ver静脉注射组。模型对照组按每日10 mL·kg-1无菌0.9%氯化钠溶液腹腔注射1次,CTX组按每日20 mg·kg-1剂量腹腔注射1次,CDCA-Ver腹腔注射组每日按20 mg·kg-1剂量腹腔注射1次,CDCA-Ver静脉注射组每日按20 mg·kg-1剂量小鼠尾静脉注射1次。接种24 h后给药,给药量为0.1 mL·(10 g)-1,连续给药10 d。以CTX为阳性对照药,考察CDCA-Ver(静脉注射和腹腔注射)对荷瘤小鼠肿瘤的生长抑制作用,评价CDCA-Ver对荷瘤小鼠的免疫脏器指数(胸腺指数和脾指数)的影响,采用组织病理学切片法研究CDCA-Ver对荷瘤小鼠瘤块组织病理学形态的影响。结果CDCA-Ver静脉注射和腹腔注射两种给药方式对荷瘤小鼠的肿瘤生长均具有良好的抑制作用,腹腔注射20 mg·kg-1剂量CDCA-Ver抑瘤率达48.3%,与模型对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),与CTX组作用相当。与模型对照组相比,CDCA-Ver腹腔注射组脾指数和胸腺指数没有显著变化(P＞0.05),而CTX组脾指数和胸腺指数均显著降低(P＜0.01),表明CDCA-Ver发挥体内抗肿瘤作用不会降低荷瘤小鼠的免疫功能。组织病理学结果也证实CDCA-Ver具有体内抗肿瘤作用。结论CDCA-Ver对H22荷瘤小鼠肿瘤生长具有明显的抑制作用。     

植入用缓释氟尿嘧啶治疗结直肠癌的实验研究

目的 研究氟尿嘧啶（5-Fu）缓释植入剂对结直肠癌移植瘤的治疗效果.方法 将50只直肠癌荷瘤鼠随机分为5组,每组10只.A、B组于瘤周植入5-FU缓释剂,剂量分别为200mg/kg和100 mg/kg;C、D组于瘤周注射5-FU注射液,剂量分别为200 mg/kg和100 mg/kg;E组不予任何治疗.分别于给药后0、3、6、9和12 d,观察裸鼠生存情况、体质量变化及肿瘤体积,12 d后处死小鼠.结果 A、B组肿瘤生长曲线平缓,12 d后A、B、C及D组抑瘤率分别为72%、51%、8%及5%,A、B组肿瘤体积与C、D组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.A、B、C和D组在给药3 d后体质量下降,其中以C组最为明显;以后各组体质量增加,12 d后,各组小鼠体质量间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.在实验过程中,A、B、C和D组小鼠分别死亡1、0、4和1只.结论 5-FU缓释植入剂于瘤周植入能安全有效地抑制结直肠癌移植瘤的生长.     

5-氟尿嘧啶缓释剂瘤内注射治疗胰腺癌的实验研究和临床研究

目的 观察5-氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)缓释剂对荷胰腺癌裸鼠肿瘤细胞及胰腺癌患者血清肿瘤标记物和细胞免疫的影响。方法 (1)5-Fu缓释剂的体外释放实验和体外抑瘤实验：测定浸出液药物的浓度，计算释放量；检测其浸出液对人胰腺癌细胞株PC3的抑制作用：(2)将荷胰腺癌细胞株Pc3裸鼠60只，随机分成静脉对照组(A组)、5-Fu静注组(B组)、基质植入组(C组)、大剂量5-Fu缓释剂植入组(D组)和小剂量5-FU缓释利植入组(E组)：治疗前及治疗后l4d测肿瘤大小。治疗2周后观察肿瘤组织学变化：免疫组化法测定bcl-2和Bax的蛋白表达水平；TUNEL法检测凋亡指数(Al)。(3)手术探查不能切除之胰腺癌69例随机分成3组：将5-FU缓释剂瘤内植入治疗组(治疗组)、术后行5-FU静脉化疗组(化疗组)和对照组。分别于术前1d和术后第14天采血，测定各组血清中NK细胞，T细胞亚群和CEA，CA50，CA19-9，CA125，CA242血清肿瘤标记物水平。结果 (1)5mg 5-FU缓释剂第1天释放量最大，为0．85mg，第3天为0．45mg，其后在0．25mg水平维持稳定的缓慢释放；释放时间长达l4d以上。(2)5-Fu缓释剂第1天的浸出液对人胰腺癌细胞株PC-3的抑制率达60．27％，第3天为34．25％，以后稳定在25．00％左右。5-Fu缓释剂瘤内注射治疗组裸鼠移植瘤生长速度减慢，bcl-2基因表达明显低于其他各组，而Bax基因表达明显高于其他各组，肿瘤细胞的Al明显高于其他各组。D组和E组肿瘤组织中炎症反应和血管内膜增厚程度明显高于其他各组。术后治疗组CD4 ／CD8 和NK细胞水平高于化疗组，而血清中E述5种肿瘤标记物低于对照组和化疗组。结论 5-Fu缓释剂能在2周内在体外较稳定地持续释放，对人胰腺癌细胞株PC3有持续抑制作用。该剂瘤内注射可明显抑制荷胰腺癌瘤裸鼠瘤体的生长，其作用机制与药物在肿瘤组织中引起的炎症反应和血管内膜增厚等因素有关；并可能与诱导肿瘤细胞的凋亡有关。该剂植入患者胰腺癌实体内，能明显降低5种血清肿瘤标记物水平，同时对患者的细胞免疫功能影响较小，5-Fu缓释剂可望成为治疗不能切除之胰腺癌的较好的制剂。     

中人氟安局部植入对小鼠肝癌的治疗作用

本研究旨在观察瘤旁、瘤内植入中人氟安与腹腔注射5 FU的疗效、安全度以及血和肿瘤组织中药物浓度。一、材料与方法1.实验药品:中人氟安10 0mg/瓶,每粒含5 氟尿嘧啶(5 FU )约2mg。2 .阳性对照药:5 FU注射剂10ml,0 .2 5 g。3 .分组与给药:取右腋皮下接种6d的HepA昆明种小鼠14 0只随机分成4大组:(1)模型组(n =15 ) ,(2 )瘤旁给药组(n =3 5 ) ,将中人氟安植于小鼠皮下瘤结边缘,(3 )瘤内给药组(n =3 5 ) ,将中人氟安植于小鼠瘤体内。给药剂量均为2 0 0mg/kg体重。(4 )腹腔给药组(n =5 5 ) ,腹腔注射5 FU注射剂,每次剂量80mg/kg体重,每…     

5-氟尿嘧啶缓释剂瘤内注射治疗胰腺癌的实验研究

目的:观察5FU缓释剂瘤内注射对裸鼠胰腺癌肿瘤细胞的影响,探讨其作用机制。方法:体外培养胰腺癌细胞株PC3,以2×106个细胞分别接种于70只裸鼠。4周后挑选肿瘤大小一致的裸鼠60只,随机分成5组,即静脉NS对照组、5FU静注组(10mg/kg)、基质植入组、5FU缓释剂(4mg/kg)植入组及5FU缓释剂(1mg/kg)植入组。于治疗前及治疗后14d内测量肿瘤大小,计算肿瘤生长速度;观察组织学变化和细胞分裂指数;免疫组化法测定bcl2和Bax的蛋白表达水平;采用脱氧核苷酸末端转移酶介导的缺口末端标记法(TUNEL)检测凋亡指数(AI)。结果:5FU缓释剂瘤内注射组裸鼠移植瘤生长速度减慢(P<0.05),最终瘤重小于其他各组(P<0.05);细胞分裂指数亦均低于其他各组(P<0.05)。5FU缓释剂瘤内注射组肿瘤组织中炎症反应和血管内膜增厚程度明显高于其他各组(P<0.05)。5FU缓释剂瘤内注射组荷瘤裸鼠的bcl2基因蛋白表达明显低于其他各组,而Bax基因的蛋白表达明显高于其他各组,其肿瘤细胞的AI明显高于其他各组(P<0.05)。结论:5FU缓释剂瘤内注射可明显抑制裸鼠胰腺癌瘤体的生长,其作用机制与药物在肿瘤组织中引起的炎症反应和血管内膜增厚等因素有关,并可能与诱导肿瘤细胞的凋亡有关。     

蟾毒灵抗小鼠原位移植性肝癌整体药效学研究

目的　探讨蟾毒灵对小鼠原位移植性肝癌的抗肿瘤作用。方法　建立肝原位移植瘤模型。随机分为 5组 ,每组 15只 ,蟾毒灵 3组分别给予 1.5、1.0、0 .5mg/kg体重 ,腹腔注射 ;生理盐水 (NS)组给予等体积的生理盐水 ,用法同蟾毒灵组 ;阿霉素 (ADM )组按 8mg/kg体重给药。用药后第 11天每组分别处死 10只荷瘤鼠 ,测量肿瘤大小 ,取瘤组织行病理学检查和瘤细胞超微结构观察。剩余各组观察带瘤生存期。结果　蟾毒灵组肿瘤大小均较NS组明显缩小 (P <0 .0 1) ;中、大剂量的蟾毒灵组带瘤生存期较NS组明显延长 (P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 1)。大、中剂量的蟾毒灵瘤组织以中重度坏死为主 ,小剂量以轻中度坏死为主。电镜下大、中剂量蟾毒灵组可见肿瘤细胞凋亡征象。结论　蟾毒灵对小鼠原位移植性肝癌有显著的抗肿瘤作用 ,诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡可能是蟾毒灵的抗肿瘤机理之一。     

姜黄素对前列腺癌荷瘤小鼠肿瘤生长及免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨姜黄素对人前列腺癌RM-1细胞荷瘤小鼠肿瘤生长及免疫功能的影响。方法:C57BL/6小鼠接种RM-1细胞,建立前列腺癌皮下移植小鼠模型。50只建模成功的小鼠,按照随机数字表法分为:模型组[腹腔注射10%二甲基亚砜(DMSO) 0.2 ml],环磷酰胺(CTX)组(腹腔注射20 mg/kg CTX),姜黄素低、中、高剂量组(腹腔分别注射50、100、200 mg/kg姜黄素),1次/d,连续注射14 d。给药14 d后,测定瘤质量、抑瘤率及免疫学指标。结果:与模型组[(2.09±0.10) g]比较,CTX组[(1.32±0.06) g],姜黄素低[(1.54±0.08) g]、中[(1.48±0.08) g]、高[(1.42±0.07) g]剂量组瘤质量均显著下降(P0.05或P0.01);与CTX组比较,姜黄素低、中、高剂量组瘤质量差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。CTX组,姜黄素低、中、高剂量组抑瘤率分别为36.84%,27.27%、29.18%、32.06%。与模型组比较,CTX组除CD8~+ T细胞比例升高外其他免疫学指标均降低(P0.01);与CTX组比较,姜黄素低、中、高剂量组除CD8~+ T细胞比例降低外其他免疫学指标均升高(P0.01)。结论:姜黄素对前列腺癌荷瘤小鼠具有抗肿瘤作用,增强荷瘤小鼠的免疫功能。     

低剂量化疗联合西妥昔单抗治疗结肠癌的实验研究

目的 观察5氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)持续低剂量给药联合西妥昔单抗化疗对小鼠结肠癌皮下移植瘤血管生成的影响,并观察其抑瘤效果和毒副作用.方法 建立荷CT-26结肠癌Balb/c小鼠模型,分别给予持续低剂量5-Fu、常规大剂量5-Fu、西妥昔单抗、持续低剂量5-Fu联合西妥昔单抗治疗以及生理盐水,观察肿瘤体积、小鼠体重和外周血白细胞计数及小鼠生存期.治疗8周结束后取皮下肿瘤组织,以免疫荧光法测定肿瘤微血管密度(MVD),以TUNEL法检测肿瘤细胞凋亡. 结果 与常规大剂量5-Fu治疗组比较,持续低剂量5-FU治疗组以及联合治疗组无明显体重减轻或外周血白细胞计数下降等毒性迹象,小鼠生存期显著延长(P＜0.05).持续低剂量5-Fu治疗组以及联合治疗组抑瘤率分别达到55%及71%;肿瘤MVD值分别为4.13±1.85和3.52 4±45,较对照组降低73%及77%,明显优于常规大剂量5-Fu治疗组及西妥昔单抗治疗组.此外,采用TUNEL法检测肿瘤组织的细胞凋亡水平,各组之间相比差异无统计学意义. 结论低剂量5-FU联合西妥昔单抗的给药方式靶向于结肠癌血管生成,不易产生耐药,增加了抑瘤效果,毒副作用小,动物生存期明显延长.     

Isolated limb perfusion for local gene delivery: efficient and targeted adenovirus-mediated gene transfer into soft tissue sarcomas

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the potential of isolated limb perfusion (ILP) for efficient and tumor-specific adenovirus-mediated gene transfer in sarcoma-bearing rats. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: A major concern in adenovirus-mediated gene therapy in cancer is the transfer of genes to organs other than the tumor, especially organs with a rapid cell turnover. Adjustment of the vector delivery route might be an option creating tumor specificity in therapeutic gene expression. METHODS: Rat hind limb sarcomas (5-10 mm) were transfected with recombinant adenoviruses. Intratumoral luciferase expression after ILP was compared with systemic administration, regional infusion, or intratumoral injection using a similar dose of adenoviruses carrying the luciferase marker gene. Localization studies using lacZ as a marker gene were performed to evaluate the intratumoral distribution of transfected cells after both ILP and intratumoral injection. RESULTS: Intratumoral luciferase activity after ILP or intratumoral administration was significantly higher compared with regional infusion or systemic administration. After ILP, luciferase gene expression was minimal in extratumoral organs, whether outside or inside the isolated circuit. Localization studies demonstrated that transfection was confined to tumor cells lying along the needle track after intratumoral injection, whereas after ILP, lacZ expression was found in viable tumor cells and in the tumor-associated vasculature. CONCLUSIONS: Using ILP, efficient and tumor-specific gene transfection can be achieved. The ILP technique might be useful for the delivery of recombinant adenoviruses carrying therapeutic gene constructs to enhance tumor control.     

Potential benefits of combining cytosine deaminase/5-fluorocytosine gene therapy and irradiation for prostate cancer: Experimental study

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of combining cytosine deaminase/5-fluorocytosine (CD/5-FC) gene therapy and radiation therapy (either external beam radiation or radioimmunotherapy [RIT]), for the treatment of prostate cancer. METHODS: Tumor xenografts of CD-transduced LNCaP cells grown in the testes of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice were used to evaluate antitumor effect. The mice were injected intraperitoneally with 500 mg/kg of 5-FC, or with 5, 15 or 30 mg/kg of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), for 9 days. The tumors were treated with fractionated radiation at a dose of 1 or 3 Gy/day for 3 days, or I-131 labelled anti-prostate specific antigen (anti-PSA) monoclonal antibody (mAb) administration at a subtherapeutic dose of 20 or 80 micro Ci. Intratumoral and serum concentrations of 5-FU were measured using high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: Mice treated with CD/5-FC gene therapy presented a significant tumor growth inhibition comparable to that obtained with 15 mg/kg, 5-FU systemic administration without marked weight loss. Treatment with CD/5-FC gene therapy resulted in higher tumor but lower serum concentrations of 5-FU than treatment with systemic 5-FU chemotherapy. An additive antitumor effect was obtained when CD/5-FC therapy was combined with 1 Gy irradiation, which by itself did not produce a significant antitumor effect. However, the efficacy of CD/5-FC therapy was not enhanced when combined with RIT, probably due to poor accumulation of the mAb as the tumor/blood ratio never exceeded 1. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that CD/5-FC gene therapy for prostate cancer may function with enhanced antitumor effect when combined with external beam radiation. However, combining CD/5-FC gene therapy and RIT using an anti-PSA mAb may not be effective because of insufficient accumulation of the mAb at the target tumors.     

Pharmacokinetics and Antitumor Effects of an Interleukin-2 lmmunocomplexing Agent in Murine Renal Cell Carcinoma

Background: Conventional therapy for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) using systemic administration of interleukin-2 (IL-2) has shown limited anti-tumor action. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-tumor effects of a newly developed immune complex of IL-2 (IC) against RCC.
Methods: IC was prepared by mixing IL-2 and an anti-IL-2 monoclonal antibody at a molar ratio of 2:l. The pharmacokinetics and anti-tumor effects of IC were then studied in a murine KCC line, Renca. Results: Serum IL-2 levels were sustained longer in mice given IC than in mice given IL-2 alone after either subcutaneous or intratumoral injections. After an intratumoral injection of IC, the IL-2 concentration in the tumor nodules remained higher compared with mice given IL-2 alone. The anti-tumor effect was most pronounced in mice treated with intratumoral injections of 1C.
Conclusions: Results obtained here indicate that an immune complex of IL-2 provides d useful tool for the treatment of RCC by altering the pharmacokinetics of IL-2 in vivo.     

Specific antitumor effect of lymphokine-activated lymphocytes obtained from tumor-bearing mice after intratumoral injection of interleukin-2 (IL-2)

Specific antitumor effects of lymphokine-activated lymphocytes obtained from tumor-bearing mice after intratumoral injection of IL-2 were studied. Inbred C57BL/6 mice bearing syngeneic tumor (B16,3LL) were used. After intratumoral consecutive injection of recombinant human IL-2 (rhIL-2), the splenocytes of these mice were cultured with rhIL-2 and the effector cells were obtained. Specific antitumor effects of the effector cells against B16 and 3LL were studied in vitro and in vivo. Surface antigens of them were also analysed. The results were as follows: 1) 51Cr-release test under coculture with rhIL-2 showed that cytotoxicity against the host tumor cells with the effector cells became specifically augmented. 2) Winn assay showed specific inhibition of the host tumor growth with the effector cells. 3) Adoptive transfer of te effector cells specifically diminished the size of the host tumor and prolonged the life span of the mice. 4) The lymphokine-activated lymphocytes obtained from normal and non-treated tumor-bearing mice had no specific antitumor effect. 5) The analysis of the surface antigens indicated that Thy1.2+L3T4+ T cells increased in the effector cells as the specific cytotoxicity of them were augmented, while in the effector cells from normal and non-treated tumor-bearing mice, Thy1.2+L3T4+ T cells decreased and Thy1.2+Lyt2+ T cells increased.     

Induction of an antitumor immunological response by an intratumoral injection of dendritic cells pulsed with genetically engineered Semliki Forest virus to produce interleukin-18 combined with the systemic administration of interleukin-12

OBJECT: The aim of this study was to investigate further immunogene treatment of malignant brain tumor to improve its therapeutic efficacy. METHODS: Intratumoral dendritic cells pulsed with Semliki Forest virus (SFV)-interleukin-18 (IL-18) and/or systemic IL-12 were injected into mice bearing the B16 brain tumor. To study the immune mechanisms involved in tumor regression, we monitored the growth of implanted B16 brain tumor cells in T cell-depleted mice and IFNgamma-neutralized mice. To analyze the protective immunity created by tumor inoculation, B16 cells were injected into the left thighs of mice that had received an inoculation, and tumor growth was monitored. The local delivery of dendritic cells pulsed with IL-18 bound by SFV combined with the systemic administration of IL-12 enhanced the induction of the T helper type 1 response from tumor-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells as well as antitumor immunity. Interferon-gamma is partly responsible for this IL-18-mediated antitumor immunity. Furthermore, the protective immunity is mediated mainly by CD8+ T cells. CONCLUSIONS: Immunogene therapy that combines the local administration of dendritic cells pulsed with IL-18 bound by SFV and the systemic administration of IL-12 may be an excellent candidate for the development of a new treatment protocol. A self-replicating SFV system may therefore open a novel approach for the treatment of malignant brain tumor.     

Treatment of solid sarcomas in immunocompetent mice with novel, oncolytic herpes simplex viruses.

OBJECTIVE: Attenuated, replication-competent herpes simplex viruses (HSVs) have shown promise as antitumor agents for cancer therapy. In this study, we sought to develop a novel type of oncolytic HSV with more potent antitumor activity for use in localized malignant tumors. STUDY DESIGN: A new, attenuated multimutated HSV (termed HL) was developed, and then a highly metastatic murine fibrosarcoma cell line, NfSa Y83, was injected into the necks or flanks of immunocompetent C3H mice. The mice were treated with attenuated HSV mutants by intratumoral injection, and antitumor efficacy was assessed by measuring tumor dimensions and overall survival rates. RESULTS: Treatment with intratumoral injection of HL resulted in marked regression of tumors. In fact, roughly 75% of flank tumors and 50% of neck tumors were completely eradicated. CONCLUSION: A novel type of attenuated HSV recombinant HL demonstrated a remarkable antitumor efficacy in a localized tumor model in mice.     

Neoadjuvant therapy with interleukin-12-loaded polylactic acid microspheres reduces local recurrence and distant metastases

BACKGROUND: We previously demonstrated that the intratumoral injection of biodegradable polylactic acid microspheres that were loaded with interleukin (IL)-12 can induce a systemic antitumor immunity. We sought to investigate the clinical potential as neoadjuvant therapy. METHODS: Mice were inoculated with 5 x 10(7) Line-1 cells subcutaneously. Six days later, a single intratumoral injection of IL-12- or BSA-loaded microspheres were given; 14 days later, autopsy was performed to document metastases. Mice were inoculated with 5 x 10(7) Line-1 cells and 10 days later either treated with IL-12- or BSA-loaded microspheres or resected. Treated tumors were resected 6 days after treatment. Mice were observed 45 days for local recurrence before autopsy. RESULTS: Intratumoral injection of IL-12 microspheres resulted in significant suppression of tumor growth compared with controls (599 +/- 255 mm(3) vs 1591 +/- 372 mm(3); P =.001) and pulmonary metastases (0.4 vs 3.8 nodules per mouse; P =.003). Given before the operation, IL-12-loaded microspheres both decreased the local recurrence rate (100% to 40%) and pulmonary metastases (5.2 vs 0.6 nodules per mouse; P =.06). Earlier resection did not improve local recurrence or distant metastases. CONCLUSIONS: Intratumoral injection of IL-12-loaded polylactic acid microspheres promotes the development of systemic antitumor immunity that can eradicate micrometastases. As a neoadjuvant therapy, this can result in decreased local and distant recurrence.     

瘤体内直接注射白细胞介素-7基因抗小鼠乳腺肿瘤免疫效应的研究

目的 观察瘤体内直接注射白细胞介素(IL)-7基因抗小鼠乳腺肿瘤免疫效应.方法 构建IL-7真核表达质粒(pcDNA3-IL-7);建立乳腺癌TM40D细胞BALB/C小鼠移植模型;瘤体内直接注射pcDNA3-IL-7,观察小鼠肿瘤体积变化;酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测外周血干扰素(IFN)-γ含量;流式细胞仪检测胞内IFN-γ的分泌量;局部肿瘤经治疗后行常规病理分析.结果 成功构建pcDNA3-IL-7;与对照磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)组(115.2±11.8) ng/L、pcDNA3组(133.6±9.4) ng/L比较,pcDNA3 -IL-7注射组(242.3±10.1)ng/L外周血IFN-γ明显增高;pcDNA3-IL-7明显抑制肿瘤生长(P＜0.05);流式细胞仪检测显示pcDNA3-IL-7显著促进CD4+T细胞、CD8+T细胞内IFN-γ的分泌量;常规病理显示pcDNA3 -IL-7注射组肿瘤组织大量坏死,炎性细胞和大量淋巴细胞浸润.结论 瘤体内直接注射pcDNA3-IL-7明显抑制小鼠乳腺肿瘤生长,显著促进IFN-γ分泌,增强了小鼠机体抗乳腺肿瘤的免疫效应.     

Clinical study on the effect of intratumoral administration of OK-432 on breast cancer--anti-tumor immune response at the site of local injection]

To elucidate the mechanism of tumor reduction and local immune response after administration of OK-432 into the lesions of breast cancer, patients were given intratumoral injection of OK-432 before surgery. And precise identification of infiltrative lymphocytes was performed. The subjects were 25 patients with primary breast cancer. These patients were randomly divided into the following 3 groups: 10 patients given intratumoral injection of OK-432, 5 patients given intratumoral injection of physiological saline and 10 patients give no treatment. After operation frozen specimens of each tumor were subjected to simple immunohistochemical staining with Leu 2a, Leu 3a and Leu 7, and to immunohistochemical double staining with combination of Leu 2a x Leu 15 and Leu 3a x Leu-DR. Examination of infiltrative lymphocytes in the tumor revealed the positive rate was 100% for Leu 2a + cells (strongly positive, 70%), 90% for Leu 3a + cells (strongly positive, 70%) and 90% for Leu 7 + cells (strongly positive, 0%) in patients given intratumoral injection of OK-432. Double staining showed cytotoxic T cells and helper T cells were predominant among Leu 2a + cells and Leu3a + cells, respectively. Cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells and NK cells were induced at the tumor site after intratumoral injection of OK-432, suggesting the antitumor immune response of these cells is involved in tumor reduction following local administration of OK-432.     

Correlation between anti-tumor effect and delayed hypersensitivity induced by topically applied OK-432 with histological findings

Delayed hypersensitivity (DH) against OK-432 was induced in BALB/c mice by injecting 2 KE of OK-432 with Freund's incomplete adjuvant into foot pads. One week after presensitization with OK-432, 2 X 10(5) cells of Meth A tumor were implanted subcutaneously in all mice, followed by intratumoral injection of 1 KE of OK-432 five times every other day starting at 7th day in experimental group. Tumor growth was significantly inhibited in the OK-432 presensitized group comparing to non-sensitized group. In experimental groups marked inhibition was observed in mice which were injected with OK-432 intratumorally 2 to 3 weeks after presensitization. This effect correlated well with delayed hypersensitivity against OK-432. Histological changes after intratumoral injection of OK-432 were examined in order to analyse the mechanism of this effect. The main finding of OK-432 injected specimen by H.E. staining were degeneration of tumor cells and infiltration of inflammatory cells. These changes were stronger in OK-432 presensitized mice. By beta-D-galactosidase staining accumulation of macrophages was found both inside the tumor and the surrounding tissue, and these macrophages increased in OK-432 presensitized mice. Immunoperoxidase staining with antiasialo GM1 anti-serum was also performed. Greater number of activate macrophages were observed to accumulate in the specimen of OK-432 presensitized mice than that of control mice. Some T cells were observed only around tumor tissues and not in the tumor of both presensitized and unsensitized mice. These results suggest that the activated macrophages play a major role in the augmentation of antitumor effect by presensitization with OK-432.