干扰素调节因子6基因多态性与非综合征型唇腭裂的相关性研究

目的探讨干扰素调节因子6（IRF6）基因rs642961和rs4844880位点单核苷酸多态性与非综合征型唇腭裂的相关性。方法收集宁夏地区非综合征型唇腭裂患者186例,采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性（PCRRFLP）方法检测IRF6基因多态位点rs642961和rs4844880基因型,进行病例对照分析、传递不平衡检验（TDT）。结果与正常对照组比较,唇裂组和唇腭裂组rs642961和rs4844880位点的AA基因型和A等位基因的频率存在统计学差异（P<0.05）,腭裂组均没有意义（P=0.15, P=0.967）;TDT研究发现IRF6基因rs642961位点的A等位基因和rs4844880位点的A等位基因在唇裂和唇腭裂患者中存在过传递（P<0.05）;2个位点在腭裂组均没有统计学意义（P=0.91,P=0.95）。结论IRF6基因多态性与非综合征型唇腭裂存在较强的相关性。     

成纤维细胞生长因子3基因多态性与非综合征型唇腭裂的相关性研究

目的探讨成纤维细胞生长因子3（FGF3）基因rs4980700、rs4631909单核苷酸多态性（SNP）与非综合征型唇腭裂（NSOC）的相关性。方法收集186例非综合征型唇腭裂患者,患者父亲183例,母亲174例,核心家系172个;200例正常新生儿为对照组。采用聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）方法检测FGF3基因rs4980700与rs4631909多态位点基因型,并进行病例对照分析,传递不平衡检验（TDT）和以家系为基础的相关性分析（FBAT）。结果病例组rs4980700多态位点基因型和等位基因频率与对照组比较存在统计学差异（P<0.05）;病例组rs4631909多态位点基因型和等位基因频率与对照组比较存在统计学差异（P<0.05）,而在腭裂组则无统计学差异（P=0.49）。传递不平衡研究发现,FGF3基因rs4980700位点的G等位基因与rs4631909位点的C等位基因在本研究人群非综合征型唇腭裂患者中存在过传递（P<0.05）。FBAT分析rs4980700、rs4631909多态位点与本研究人群非综合征型 唇腭裂存在相关性（P<0.05）。结论FGF3基因rs4980700、rs4631909多态位点与非综合征型唇腭裂存在相关性。     

宁夏回汉族人群Wnt3基因单核苷酸多态性与非综合征型唇腭裂相关性的研究

目的 探讨宁夏回汉族人群中Wnt3基因rs142167和rs7216231位点单核苷酸多态性（SNP）与非综合征型唇腭裂（NSCL/P）的相关性。方法 收集宁夏地区回汉族人群非综合征型唇腭裂患者371例为病例组,其中汉族患者166例,回族患者205例;收集患者父亲196例,患者母亲224例,其中150例患者为NSCL/P核心家系;258例健康新生儿为对照组,其中汉族190例,回族68例。采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）方法检测Wnt3基因多态位点rs142167和rs7216231基因型,对比分析2组的基因型和等位基因,并进行传递不平衡检验（TDT）和以家系为基础的相关性检验（FBAT）分析。结果 回汉族人群病例组与对照组比较及其民族分层比较,唇裂、腭裂、唇腭裂及总病例组rs142167和rs7216231位点均无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。TDT分析结果显示：rs142167和rs7216231位点的等位基因均不存在过传递（P＞0.05）。FBAT分析结果显示：单倍型G-G具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 Wnt3基因多态性与宁夏地区回汉族人群非综合征型唇腭裂不存在相关性。     

SUMO-1基因rs7580433多态性与非综合征性唇腭裂的关联研究

目的：研究SUMO-1基因rs7580433的多态性与中国人群非综合征性唇腭裂（NSCLP）的相关性。方法：从国际人类基因组单体型图计划（HapMap）选取来自中国北京汉族人群的多态位点rs7580433为研究位点,在183名NSCLP患者和162名健康正常人对此位点进行基因分型从而进行病例-对照研究。结果：NSCLP患者的GA基因型频率比正常对照组明显降低,其差异有统计学意义（P=0.025）。结论：SUMO-1基因rs7580433位点的基因多态性与中国人群NSCLP易感性相关。     

中国西部人群IRF6基因V274I位点SNP与非综合征型唇腭裂相关性的研究

目的:探讨干扰素调节因子6(IRF6)基因V274I位点单核苷酸多态性(SNP)与非综合征型唇腭裂的相关性.方法:收集非综合征型唇腭裂患儿332例,患者父亲243例,患者母亲289例,核心家庭224个,对照组正常新生儿174例.采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)方法检测IRF6基因V274I多态位点基因型,进行病例对照和传递不平衡(TDT)研究.结果:在中国西部人群中,与正常对照组比较,单纯唇裂和唇腭裂组V274I位点SNP的GG基因型和G等位基因的频率存在显著性差异(P=0.000),而在单纯腭裂组比较没有显著性差异(P=0.699).运用传递不平衡研究发现IRF6基因V274I多态性突变的G等位基因在唇裂和唇腭裂患者中存在过传递(P=0.000).结论:在中国西部人群中IRF6基因V274I SNP位点G等位基因与非综合征型唇腭裂存在强的相关性,而与单纯腭裂没有相关性.     

宁夏人群MSX1基因CA重复序列多态性与非综合征型唇腭裂相关性的研究

目的 探讨宁夏人群同源异型盒1(MSX1)基因CA重复序列(STR)与非综合征型唇腭裂的相关性.方法 收集宁夏地区非综合征型唇腭裂三人核心家庭(患儿及其双亲)40例,采用聚合酶链反应-单链构象多态性(PCR-SSCP)方法 检测MSX1基因CA 重复序列基因型,进行传递不平衡检验(TDT)和家系为基础的相关性分析(FBAT).结果 运用TDT发现,MSX1基因CA重复序列CA4等位基因在本研究人群非综合征型唇腭裂患儿中存在过传递(P=0.034).FBAT分析表明MSX1基因CA重复序列与本研究人群非综合征型唇腭裂具有相关性(P＜0.05).结论 MSX1基因CA重复序列与宁夏人群非综合征型唇腭裂存在相关性.     

叶酸代谢相关基因与非综合征性唇腭裂的关系

目的：研究叶酸代谢相关基因在中国华北人群中与非综合征性唇腭裂的关系。方法：利用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性方法,在115例非综合征性唇腭裂患者和192名正常对照个体中,对CBS和SHMT1基因2个单核苷酸多态性（SNP）rs397589和rs1979276进行检测。利用拟合优度卡方检验,分析基因型分布频率是否符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律;应用UNPHASED软件包分析单个基因多态性位点以及基因-基因相互作用与非综合征性唇腭裂的相关性。结果：2个基因上的SNP位点基因型频率分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡;等位基因分布在NSCL/P组与对照组之间无显著性差异;rs397589TT和rs1979276TT基因型能增加NSCL/P患病风险（OR=2.60,95%CI=0.43-15.87;OR=1.62,95%CI=0.22-11.70）;携带rs397589GT-rs1979276CT个体在患者中的频率高于对照组（χ2=4.780,P=0.029）。结论：CBS和SHMT1基因相互作用可能参与非综合征性唇腭裂的发生。     

中国西部人群IRF6基因SNPs与非综合征型唇腭裂相关性的研究

目的:探讨干扰素调节因子6 (IRF6) 基因rs2013162 和 rs2235375位点单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)与非综合征型唇腭裂的相关性.方法:收集病例组非综合征型唇腭裂患儿332 例,患者父亲243 例,患者母亲289 例,完整的核心家庭206个.对照组收集正常新生儿174 例.采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)方法检测IRF6基因这2 个多态位点基因型,进行病例对照和传递不平衡(TDT)分析.结果:在中国西部人群中,与正常对照组比较,唇腭裂组rs2235375位点的基因型和等位基因的频率存在统计学差异(均P<0.01).运用传递不平衡研究发现IRF6基因rs2235375位点的G等位基因在唇腭裂患者中存在过传递(P<0.01).有5 种单倍型组合显示有传递不平衡.结论:在中国西部人群中IRF6基因多态性与非综合征型唇腭裂的发生存在强的相关性.     

宁夏回汉族人群中FOXE1基因多态性与非综合征型唇腭裂的相关性研究

目的:探讨宁夏回汉人群FOXE1基因rs3758249、rs10217225和rs4460498位点单核苷酸多态性与非综合征型唇腭裂发病的相关性。方法:收集宁夏地区回、汉族非综合征型唇腭裂患者207例,其中回族69例,汉族138例;正常对照组292例,其中,回族72例,汉族220例。采用PCR-RFLP方法检测FOXE1基因rs3758249、rs10217225和rs4460498多态位点的基因型,进行病例对照分析。结果:在回汉人群中,与正常对照组比较,单纯唇裂组和唇腭裂组rs3758249、rs10217225和rs4460498多态位点基因型和等位基因频率存在统计学差异(P0.05);而在单纯腭裂组差异无显著性(P0.05)。分别对汉族和回族人群内病例对照分析,发现唇裂并唇腭裂组rs3758249、rs10217225和rs4460498多态位点基因型在汉族和回族人群中的均存在差异性(P0.05)。病例组内进行回、汉族基因型比较,发现rs10217225多态性在宁夏地区回、汉患者中存在差异性(P0.05),而rs3758249、rs4460498差异没有显著性。结论:在宁夏回汉族人群中,FOXE1基因的rs3758249、rs10217225和rs4460498位点单核苷酸多态性与非综合征型唇腭裂存在相关性;回汉族人群间基因型没有统计学差异。     

DHFR基因rs11742688位点单核苷酸多态性与中国东北人群唇腭裂相关性研究

目的：探讨二氢叶酸还原酶（DHFR）基因 rs11742688位点单核苷酸多态性与中国东北部人群的非综合征唇腭裂（NSCL／P）的相关性。方法：采用聚合酶链－限制性片段长度多态性方法检测东北地区220例 NSCL／P 及其父母（其中包括138例完整的核心家系）,180例正常儿童作为对照组,进行 HW 平衡检验,用 SPSS 统计学软件对病例组和对照组进行检验及计算 OR 值和95％可信区间。结果：病例对照研究结果显示,东北地区单纯唇裂和唇腭裂 rs11742688位点的 TT 基因型频率差异无显著性（χ2＝0．439,P ＞0．05）。结论：DHFR rs11742688位点 T 等位基因与东北人群的 NSCL／P 无相关性。     

VAX1 gene associated non-syndromic cleft lip with or without palate in Western Han Chinese

ObjectiveNon-syndromic cleft lip with or without palate (NSCL/P) is one of the most common human birth defects, it results from multiple genetic and environmental risk factors. Recently, GWA studies identified associations between NSCL/P and two genetic risk loci, rs7078160 and rs4752028, at VAX1.DesignCurrently, we tried to investigate the roles of the two loci among 302 NSCL/P trios (129 non-syndromic cleft lip only (NSCLO) trios and 173 non-syndromic cleft lip and cleft palate (NSCLP) trios) from Western Han Chinese. The two SNPs were genotyped by SNPscan method; Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium test, allelic TDT and parent-of-origin effect were performed by PLINK software, and genotypic TDT and haplotype by FBAT software.ResultsAllelic TDT analysis revealed allele A at rs7078160 was over-transmitted among NSCL/P group (P = 0.0086, OR_transmission = 1.36, 95%CI: 1.08–1.72). Parent-of-origin effect analysis revealed a paternal special over-transmission of allele A at rs708260 in NSCL/P group (P = 0.0079). Haplotype AC of rs7078160-rs4752028 was significant over-transmitted in the NSCL/P group.ConclusionsOur study firstly confirmed that allele A at rs7078160 at VAX1 gene was a risk factor for NSCL/P in Western Han Chinese population.     

Association Between PAX9 Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip With or Without Cleft Palate

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution of PAX9 gene to the risk of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NS-CL/P). The samples consisted of 142 Korean NS-CL/P families (90 males and 52 females; 9 cleft lip, 26 cleft lip and alveolus, and 107 cleft lip and palate; 76 trios and 66 dyads). A total of 10 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were tested for association with Korean CL/P case-parent trios using transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) and conditional logistic regression models. The minor allele frequency, heterozygosity, and a χ test for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at each SNP were computed between parents. Pairwise linkage disequilibrium was computed as both D' and r for all SNPs. Both allelic and genotypic TDTs were performed for individual SNPs using family-based association test program. Sliding windows of haplotypes consisting of 2 to 8 SNPs were tested using haplotype-based association test program. Genotypic odd ratios were obtained from conditional logistic regression models using STATA software. The family-based TDT using individual SNPs and 2- to 8-SNP haplotypes of the gene indicated a significant association at rs17104928 (P = 0.014). The haplotype analysis revealed that the association was most significant for the haplotype consisting of 3 SNPs (rs2073247, rs17104928, and rs17176643; P = 0.007). G/A heterozygote at rs17104928 had a significantly increased association with NS-CL/P (genotypic odd ratio, 2.88; 95% confidence interval, 1.42-5.84; P = 0.0014, dominant model). The high-risk SNP and genotype may provide a better understanding of the etiologic role of PAX9 gene in NS-CL/P and potential options for genetic counseling.     

TPM1基因相关多态性与中国北方汉族人群非综合征性唇腭裂的相关研究

目的：分析TPM1基因上游功能区3个单核苷酸多态性（single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs）位点与中国北方人群非综合征性唇腭裂（nonsynodromic orofacial clefts, NSOC）的关联。方法：通过对335个NSOC样本及572个健康对照样本外周血DNA的研究对目的位点行聚合酶链反应（polymerase chain reaction, PCR）扩增、DNA测序、基因分型。利用PubMed数据库（https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed）采集相关多态性位点基本信息。使用SHEsis在线软件、SPSS 20.0软件对SNPs位点的等位基因频率、基因型及单体型进行分析研究。结果：TPM1相关rs1873147、rs7179658和rs4775599完全连锁,rs1873147在唇腭裂（cleft lip and palate, CLP）组与健康对照组之间的等位基因频率差异有统计学意义（P=0.035）。结论：TPM1相关rs7179658、rs1873147和rs477559与中国北方汉族人群NSOC可...     

基于核心家系的黏附连接相关蛋白1基因多态性与广西白裤瑶族儿童龋病遗传易感性关联分析

目的 探讨黏附连接相关蛋白1(adherens junctional associated protien 1,AJAP1)基因多态性与广西白裤瑶族儿童龋病遗传易感性之间的关联。方法 选取2018年广西河池市南丹县里湖瑶乡12岁白裤瑶族高龋儿童（30人）及其生物学父母（60人）组成的三人核心家系为研究对象。利用SNPscan技术对AJAP1基因rs3896439、rs4654438位点进行分型,通过FBAT 2.0.4软件进行基于核心家系的传递不平衡检验（transmission disequilibrium test,TDT）及单倍型关联分析。结果 TDT分析结果显示,rs3896439位点单核苷酸多态性与龋病的遗传易感性显著相关,G等位基因从杂合子父母向高龋子代过度传递,为龋病的危险因素（加性模型：Z=2.263,P=0.024;显性模型：Z=2.064,P=0.039）。单倍型关联分析结果显示,rs3896439-rs4654438的单倍型G-C从杂合子父母向高龋子代显著过度传递,与龋病的遗传易感性相关联（加性模型：Z=2.180,P=0.029;显性模型：Z=2.206,P=0...     

PRDM16基因及母亲孕期环境暴露因素与非综合征型唇腭裂相关性研究

目的 探究PRDM16基因rs7525173、rs2236518、rs2493264及母亲孕早期吸烟饮酒与非综合征型唇腭裂（NSCL/P）发生的相关性。方法 收集157个患者-父母核心家系,采用连接酶检测反应（LDR）和直接测序两种方法进行基因分型,使用传递不平衡检验（TDT）、连锁不平衡检验（LD）等对数据进行统计分析。收集1 710例唇腭裂患者及956例健康新生儿,填写《唇腭裂患者流行病学调查问卷》,对孕期父母吸烟饮酒暴露因素进行分析。结果 rs2236518位点C等位基因在腭裂组中存在过传递（P<0.05）,其余位点在各组中均无明显统计学意义。母亲吸烟、母亲被动吸烟及母亲饮酒3个因素存在统计学差异（P<0.05）。结论 PRDM16基因rs2236518多态性与NSCL/P存在相关性,母亲吸烟、母亲被动吸烟及母亲饮酒与唇腭裂的发生存在密切联系。     

Homozygote C/C at rs12543318 was risk factor for non‐syndromic cleft lip only from Western Han Chinese population

Non‐syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is a complex disorder, and it results from both of the genetic modifiers and environmental factors, with genetic modifiers contributes to it more than environmental factors. GWASs made great progress in identifying the candidate genes for NSCL/P, but the findings need to be replicated in other populations. In this study, we selected eleven SNPs from recent GWASs and GWAS meta‐analysis to investigate their associations among 308 NSCL/P trios (134 non‐syndromic cleft lip only (NSCLO) trios and 174 non‐syndromic cleft lip with cleft palate (NSCLP) trios) from Han Chinese population. All SNPs were genotyped using SNPscan method and analyzed the data with FBAT, PLINK, and R package. Allelic TDT analysis showed that allele A at rs12543318 was associated with NSCLO trios (P = .0032, OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.39‐0.83), and parent‐of‐origin effect analysis indicated that allele A at rs12543318 was significantly maternally undertransmitted among NSCLO (P = .0046), which implied the potential influence of genomic imprinting; global TDT further confirmed this association. Individual genotypic TDT showed homozygote C/C at rs12543318 was overtransmitted among NSCLO (Z = 3.79, P = .00015) and NSCL/P groups (Z = 3.83, P = .00013), which indicated that it could increase the risk to have cleft babies. Our findings indicated that rs12543318 was associated with NSCLO from Western Han Chinese population, which will give new scientific evidence for later researches in the etiology of NSOCs.     

WNT10A rs147680216 G>A mutation indicates a higher risk for non-syndromic oral cleft in a northeastern Chinese population

Non-syndromic oral cleft lip and palate is a heterogeneous group of congenital malformations that consist of cleft palate, and cleft lip with or without cleft palate. The members of the wingless type mouse mammary tumour virus (MMTV) integration site family (Wnts) regulate various developmental processes including craniofacial development, and have a role in that of cleft lip and palate. We aimed to identify the potential polymorphisms in the Wnt10a gene, and to explore the association between the variations in the gene and the risk of development of cleft palate. A total of 198 affected patients (cleft lip, n = 67; cleft palate, n = 48; and both, n = 83) together with 187 healthy controls were enrolled (all from the Chinese Han population in NE China). A fragment of 316 bp was amplified from the blood genome of each participant by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers that targeted the Homo sapiens Wnt10a gene. By using the restriction enzyme AluI, the population analysed were classified into three genotypes, GG (316 bp), GA (316 bp, 117bp, 199bp) and AA (117bp, 199bp) based on the rs147680216 G/A polymorphism (Gly>Ser mutation at position 213 of Wnt10a protein) of theWnt10a gene. The frequency of allele A in the affected group was significantly higher (14.1% compared with 3.2% in the control group). The allele G with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.201 and 95% CI of 0.445 to 0.091 was not a risk factor for the condition in the affected group. However, the distribution of the genotype did affect its occurrence in the affected group (p < 0.001), but not the classification of types (p = 0.901). In conclusion we found an rs147680216 G>A mutation that was associated with non-syndromic cleft lip and palate in the Wnt10a gene.