鹿藿根4种提取物抗雄性小鼠生育作用比较

目的:比较4种鹿藿根提取物(乙醇提取物、乙酸乙酯提取物、正丁醇提取物及水溶物)的抗生育作用。方法:60只雄性昆明种小鼠分为生理盐水对照组、雷公藤多苷对照组、乙醇提取物组、乙酸乙酯提取物组、正丁醇提取物组及水溶物组,每组10只。各组药物浓度均为1%,雷公藤多苷为0.1%水溶液。每次0.1ml/10g,灌胃,1次/d,连续给药,共11周。在用药10周后,一对一雌雄合笼交配1周。分笼10d后处死雌鼠,观察妊娠率、活胎数、死胎数。11周后处死雄性小鼠观察附睾精子、附睾及睾丸病理变化情况及血清睾酮含量测定。结果:连续用药11周,与生理盐水对照组相比,实验组小鼠妊娠率下降,其中水溶物组最为明显(P<0.05)。雷公藤多苷对照组和水溶组精子明显减少(P<0.05)。组织学观察鹿藿根提取物对精原细胞、初级精母细胞影响不显著。各提取物组血清睾酮差异无显著性(P>0.05)。生理盐水对照组、雷公藤多苷对照组、乙酸乙酯提取物组、正丁醇提取物组、乙醇提取物组及水溶物组的抗精子发生效应积分分别0、(5.3±1.5)、(2.6±1.7)、(2.9±1.2)、(2.2±0.9)、(2.1±1.0)分。结论:4种鹿藿根提取物均有抗生育作用,但水溶物作用更强且对睾丸组织及睾丸生精能力影响较小。     

Effect of pineal indoles on testicular histology of mice

The effect of late afternoon injections of melatonin, 5-methoxytryptamine, 5-methoxytryptophol, and 5-methoxyindole-3-acetic acid on testicular histology in mice were examined. Melatonin and 5-methoxytryptophol injections caused a reduction in the diameters of seminiferous tubules. The tests of melatonin-treated animals underwent some detectable regressive changes in the seminiferous tubules, whereas administration of 5-methoxytryptamine or 5-methoxytryptophol appeared to cause atrophy in some tubules. The percentage of aspermic tubules in melatonin-treated and methoxytryptamine-treated mice was significantly higher than that of the control. In involuted testes, some seminiferous tubules contained only Sertoli cells together with spermatogonia and spermatocytes, but no discernible spermatids and spermatozoa. Regressing spermatids and cell debris were frequently observed in the tubules. The tested of mice that received daily injections of 5-hydroxytryptophol and 5-methoxyindole-3-acetic acid were indistinguishable from those of the controls.     

Antifertility effect of ethanolic extract of Amalakyadi churna in male albino mice

Aim: To evaluate the antifertility activity of the ethanolic extract of Amalakyadi churna by oral administra-tion in male albino mice. Methods: The ethanol extract of Amalakyadi churna at the dose of 250 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight was administered orally for 30 days to adult male mice. On day 31, the mice were sacrificed and the testis and accessory reproductive organs were removed and weighed. The organs were processed for biochemical estimation and histological work. Results: Treatment with Amalakyadi chuma resulted in decrease in the weights of testis and accessory reproductive organs. The diameters of testis, seminiferous tubules and Leydig cell nucleus were decreased. The spermatogenic elements, like spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids in the testis were re-duced significantly as well as the sperm count in cauda epididymis. There was a significant reduction in the protein,glycogen, DNA and RNA contents and the activity of acid phosphatase in the testis of extract treated mice compared with the control. The cholesterol content and the alkaline phophatase activity were increased significantly in treated mice. Conclusion: Amalakyadi churna extract arrests spermatogenesis in male mice without noticeable side effects.(Asian J Andro12003 Sep; 5: 247-250)     

Effect of DL-6-(N-α-pipecolinomethyl)-5-hydroxy-indane maleate (PMHI) on the reproductive system of a wild rat, Bandicota bengalensis

The anti-testicular action of PMHI was investigated in a wild rodent, the bandicoot rat. Bandicoots were given a single subcutaneous injection of this compound at a dose of 150 mg/kg and were killed 2, 10, or 30 days later. PMHI induced marked and rapid testicular regression with complete arrest of spermatogenesis by day 10 such that the seminiferous tubules contained only a ring of Sertoli cells with few spermatogonia. This was also reflected by a severe depletion of the number of sperm in the cauda epididymis. However, by day 30 after PMHI injection, testicular histology indicated restoration of spermatogenesis in parallel with the time schedule of germ cell development. The results indicate that PHMI produces a reversible anti-spermatogenic effect in the bandicoot rat which appears to be time dependent.     

Histologic changes in the mouse testis after bilateral vasectomy

Aim: To study the effect of vasectomy on histological appearance of the testis. Methods: Parkes strain mice were used as the animal model; they were bilaterally vasectomized (Vx) or sham-operated (So) and killed at intervals of 4, 6, 9, and 12 months after the operation. Testes were excised from 5 Vx and 5 So mice at each interval and processed for histological examination. Results: Testes of So mice showed normal histological features. By contrast, marked alterations were observed in the seminiferous tubules in testes of Vx mice, except in those killed 4 months after the operation. The seminiferous epithelium in the tubules was only 2 - 3 layers thick and showed much depletion of germ cells; in severe cases, the epithelium consisted of only a thin layer of Sertoli cells, spermatogonia and a few spermatocytes. Exfoliation of germ cells, occurrence of multinucleated giant cells and vacuolated appearance of the epithelium were of common features in the tubules. Furthermore, lumen of the rete testis in Vx mice was greatly dilated and showed accumulation of spermatozoa with immature germ cells; in mice vasectomized for 6 - 12 months, several macrophages ingesting spermatozoa were often observed in the lumen of the rete testis. Spermatic granuloma was also sometimes noticed in corpus or in cauda regions of the epididymis in mice vasectomized for 6 - 12 months. Conclusion: We suggest that consequences of vasectomy should be thoroughly understood in order to make this method rather more popular as a reversible method of male contraception.     

On the Postnatal Development of the Terminal Segment of the Seminiferous Tubules in Normal and Germ Cell Depleted Rat Testes

The development of the terminal segment of the seminiferous tubules was studied in 5 to 50 days old normal rats. At the age of 5, 10, and 15 days the terminal segment contained fewer gonocytes or spermatogonia than did the corresponding seminiferous tubule. The differentiation of the terminal segment was obvious at 20 days of age due to the high number of germ cells in the seminiferous tubules, where the epithelium became stratified at this stage. The blood-testis barrier in the terminal segment was chiefly established between 15 and 20 days of age as revealed by the lanthanum tracer technique.
To study the effect of the germ cells on the differentiation, the germ cell depleted testes of prenatally irradiated rats were also studied. The modified Sertoli cells of the terminal segment were more vacoulated and had fewer lipid droplets and inter-Sertoli cell junctions than did the Sertoli cells of the seminiferous tubules. The ultrastructure of the modified Sertoli cells of the terminal segment was similar in adult normal and adult SCO (Sertoli cell only) rats. The amount of lipid droplets in the Sertoli cells of SCO rats showed considerable variation among different tubular cross-sections within one testis.     

胎儿睾丸组织异种移植后生精细胞发育初探

目的 :以人胎儿睾丸组织为供体 ,免疫缺陷小鼠为受体 ,研究人类睾丸生精细胞异种移植后的继续发育情况。　方法 :将 2 6周胎儿的睾丸组织植入去势裸鼠背部 ,于移植后 1 35d取出移植物 ,进行组织形态学观察 ,分析原始生精细胞在异种异位的发育情况。　结果 :移植 1 35d后取出的移植物显示 ,其生长幅度已由移植前直径约 1mm和湿重约 5mg ,分别增加到移植后大于 3mm和 2 0mg。组织形态学观察发现 ,移植前的睾丸主要是由直径为(6 0± 1 5 ) μm的精曲小管索构成 ,其中包含的细胞主要是原始Sertoli细胞和少量原始生精细胞 ,细胞排列呈弥散无规则状态 ;而移植后 1 35d的精曲小管索已发育成具有管腔的精曲小管 ,出现由Sertoli细胞和生精细胞组成的完整生精上皮 ,直径增大到 (80± 2 5 ) μm。原本呈不规则分布的原始Sertoli细胞和生精细胞大部分已迁移到基膜处 ,其中有少数生精细胞发育成为精原细胞。　结论 :人胎儿睾丸组织移植到去势裸鼠背部后 ,可以继续存活并进一步生长发育。     

Lectin Staining of Rat Testis and Epididymis: Effect of Cyproterone Acetate and Testosterone

Control and castrated (C) adult rats were treated with cyproterone acetate (CA), testosterone (T) or their combination (CA + T) for 15 days and the affinity of the testicular and epididymal tissue for seven rhodamine-conjugated lectins was analysed in fluorescence microscopy. In the testis CA caused the appearance of degenerating cells in the basal part of the seminiferous epithelium. These cells (spermatogonia, early spermatocytes) appear to be the most vulnerable germinal cells to anti-androgen treatment and this effect could be prevented by simultaneous administration of T. Castration caused a marked reduction in lectin staining of principal and light cells of distal caput (Dcp) and distal cauda (Dcd) epididymidis accompanied by the disappearance of the intratubular sperm mass. In castrated animals CA caused a moderate and T as well as CA + T a marked increase in the stainability of these cells and the appearance of homogeneous secretory material in the tubules. This material gave moderate or strong affinity for most of the lectins. Some minor differences were found in the staining pattern of the cells and the secretory material in Dcp and Dcd as well as after different treatments. This is consistent with local and qualitative differences in the epididymal secretory and absorptive activity, which can be further modified by the hormonal milieu.     

大鼠严重烫伤后睾丸的病理变化

对大鼠严重体表烫伤后睾丸组织的病理变化进行了动态观察。大鼠体表３０％ＩＩ度烫伤后睾丸出现明显病变，其病理变化出现早、程度较重、形态变化多样，生精细胞、支持细胞、曲细精管界膜、间质细胞及血管内皮细胞均有不同程度的损伤性改变。生精细胞的病变以精母细胞及精细胞为重，精原细胞无明显损伤，伤后３０天生精上皮基本恢复正常。曲细精管界膜内纤维连接蛋白（Ｆｎ）于伤后早期减少。认为曲细精管界膜及支持细胞的损伤，特别是后者的损伤，改变了生精细胞生长、发育的微环境而可能导致或加重生精细胞的损伤。     

Reversible antifertility effect of aqueous leaf extract of Allamanda cathartica L. in male laboratory mice

The efficacy of oral administration of aqueous leaf extract of Allamanda cathartica (150 mg kg⁻¹ body weight day⁻¹ for 14, 28 and 42 days) in inducing infertility and changes in various male reproductive endpoints was evaluated in Parkes strain mice. The effect of the treatment on organ weight, histopathology, sperm parameters, testosterone level, haematology, serum biochemistry and on fertility indices was assessed. Histologically, testes in extract-treated mice showed nonuniform degenerative changes in the seminiferous tubules as both affected and normal tubules were observed in the same sections. The treatment also had adverse effects on motility, viability, morphology and on number of spermatozoa in the cauda epididymidis. Serum levels of testosterone, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and creatinine, haematological parameters and liver and kidney histoarchitecture were, however, not affected by the treatment. Fertility of the extract-treated males was also suppressed, although the libido remained unaffected. By 56 days of treatment withdrawal, however, the above parameters recovered to control levels. Our results thus suggest that A. cathartica treatment causes reversible suppression of fertility in male mice, without causing detectable toxic effects.     

Long-term effects of triptolide on spermatogenesis, epididymal sperm function, and fertility in male rats

Prior studies had suggested that triptolide, a diterpene triepoxide isolated from a Chinese medicinal plant, might be an attractive candidate as a post-testicular male contraceptive agent. Despite the promise that triptolide would not affect testis function, nagging concerns remained that a delayed onset of testicular effect might exist. The objectives of this study were to assess the effects of relatively longer treatment duration of triptolide on fertility, spermatogenesis, and epididymal sperm pathophysiology; and to evaluate the reversibility of these effects after the cessation of treatment. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed daily with either 30% gum acacia as a vehicle control (n = 12) or 100 microg/kg body weight (BW) of triptolide for 82 days (n = 12) followed by a recovery period of up to 14 weeks (n = 6). At the end of the treatment period, all rats treated with triptolide were sterile. Cauda epididymal sperm content decreased by 84.8% and sperm motility was reduced to zero. In addition, virtually all cauda epididymal sperm in the triptolide-treated group exhibited severe structural abnormalities. The most striking changes observed were head-tail separation, premature chromatin decondensation of sperm nuclei, a complete absence of the plasma membrane of the entire middle and principle pieces, disorganization of the mitochondrial sheath, and aggregation of many sperm tails. Longer treatment duration of triptolide also affected spermatogenesis, with marked variability in the response of individual animals. The degree of damage ranged from apparently normal-looking seminiferous tubules to flattened seminiferous epithelium lined by a single layer of cells consisting of Sertoli cells and a few spermatogonia. Affected tubules exhibited intraepithelial vacuoles of varying sizes, multinucleated giant cells, germ cell exfoliation, and tubular atrophy. Recovery occurred as early as 6 weeks after cessation of treatment. By 14 weeks, 4 out of 6 triptolide-treated males were fertile and the females that were impregnated by 3 out of 4 triptolide-treated male rats produced apparently normal litters. These results suggest that triptolide has 2 phenotypic effects on mature and maturing germ cells. The first action appears earlier and manifests mainly in epididymal sperm. The second action presumably is directly on germ cells in testis and causes a variable impairment of spermatogenesis that may not be completely reversible. It is unclear if the earlier effect is a delayed manifestation of subtle testicular injury or post-testicular action.     

Cessation of Spermatogenesis in Juvenile Spermatogonia! Depletion (jsd/jsd) Mice

Background :
Mice homozygousforthe jsd (juvenilespermatogonial depletion) allele are sterile because they become azoospermic. The onset of such azoospermia was investigated by histologic analysis of sections of testes from jsd/jsd mice.
Method :
The testes removed from C57BL/6- jsd/jsd mice aged 3 to 10 weeks were examined microscopically.
Results :
At 3 weeks of age, spermatocytes were seen in most of the seminiferous tubules of jsd/jsd mice. However, the number of tubules that contained spermatids was significantly smaller than that counted in the wild-type mice. Since degenerative figures were not abundant in the jsd/jsd testes, the decreased number of spermatids found in the tubules suggested a longer duration of development from spermatocyte to spermatid in jsd/jsd mice. The abnormality extended to the development of type B spermatogonia, and a decrease in their number became apparent after 6 weeks of age in most of the jsd/jsd tubules. However, as early as 3 weeks of age, a few seminiferous tubules in jsd/jsd mice already contained only Sertoli cells and type A spermatogonia.
Conclusion :
It is assumed that the decrease in type B spermatogonia occurred at various ages and locations. The defect of spermatogenesis in jsd/jsd mice was attributable to aberrations in multiple steps of spermatogenesis.     

Acute effects and long-term sequelae of 1,3-dinitrobenzene on male reproduction in the rat. II. Quantitative and qualitative histopathology of the testis

This study determined the quantitative and qualitative histopathologic effects of a single oral dose of 1,3-dinitrobenzene (48 mg/kg) on the rat testis from 1 to 175 days postexposure. The testis was damaged severely by hour 24, as evidenced by increased numbers of regressive seminiferous tubules that exhibited degenerating pachytene spermatocytes, chromatin margination in spermatids, giant cells, deformed spermatid heads, retained spermatids, and reduced numbers of meiotic figures. The major effects during the first 48 hours posttreatment were degeneration or exfoliation of pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids and the retention of step 19 spermatids. These regressive effects continued until 24 days, after which the tubules either recovered or became atrophic. At the end of the study (175 days), three males were normal, one had regressed testicles, and three males had atrophic tubules (15 to 45%). Several cellular abnormalities were common throughout the period. In addition, the frequency of the stages of spermatogenesis was altered, an indication of a disturbance in the kinetics of spermatogenesis. 1,3-Dinitrobenzene produced profound and specific lesions in the seminiferous tubules, and recovery was slow and incomplete. Atrophic tubules seemed to form if the normal cellular associations were not reestablished within 24 days, possibly due to the inability of Sertoli cells to reorganize the synchrony of germ cell development.     

Effect of a nonsteroidal antiandrogen, flutamide on intraluminal acidification in rat testis and epididymis

Summary. Flutamide, a pure antiandrogen was administered to intact adult male rats to study the effect of altered availability of hormones on in situ pH, PCO₂ and bicarbonate concentration ([HCO⁻₃]) of seminiferous tubules, proximal caput, middle caput, middle corpus, and proximal cauda epididymidis. The weights of the epididymis and ventral prostate as well as the plasma testosterone level showed antiandrogenic effects of flutamide. Relative to controls, flutamide elevated significantly in situ pH in proximal caput, middle caput, middle corpus and proximal cauda epididymidis but not in seminiferous tubules. In situ PCO₂ values in the above segments, after flutamide, were indistinguishable from controls and from each other but all values remained significantly higher than systemic arterial blood PCO₂. Flutamide treatment did not change the [HCO⁻₃] in systemic arterial blood or seminiferous tubules but increased markedly the values in proximal caput and middle caput. The results of the present studies support the view that luminal acidification in the rat epididymis is under androgen control and may be important for sperm maturation and storage.     

抑制素B βB亚单位在不同病理分型的无精子症患者睾丸组织中的表达

目的:探讨抑制素B(INH B)βB亚单位在不同生精功能状态的人睾丸组织中的表达情况。方法:对83例无精子症患者进行睾丸组织病理检查诊断,根据病理形态的不同分为:唯支持细胞综合征型(n=21);生精功能低下型(n=20);生精阻滞型(n=24);生精功能基本正常型(n=18)。选择上述各型结构完整的睾丸组织,分别应用免疫组化法(SP)对血清INH B βB亚单位在不同生精功能状态的睾丸组织,进行定位研究。结果:各型睾丸组织内均存在血清INH B βB的表达,其分布特点为:间质细胞(Leydig cell)和早期生精细胞多为强阳性表达,呈深棕黄色;支持细胞(Sertoli cell)多为阳性表达;而晚期精子细胞和成熟精子未见表达;生精小管管周类肌细胞呈弱阳性表达。结论:INH B可能是睾丸Sertoli细胞和早期生精细胞的一个联合产物。     

Êxpression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the azoospermic human testis

Azoospermia, which is the absence of spermatozoa in the ejaculate, is not a rare cause of male infertility. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is a calcium-independent NOS, which is present in the testis and involved in spermatogenesis, and apoptosis of Sertoli and germ cells. Twenty idiopathic infertile men presenting nonobstructive azoospermia were enrolled in this study, and testicular sperm extraction procedures were performed. Tissue extracts were dissected, and the fluid samples were investigated to determine the presence of spermatozoa. Histologic evaluation of the spermatozoa-present samples revealed that seminiferous tubules were normal and were lined by Sertoli cells and spermatogenic cells. However, in the spermatozoa-absent samples, the diameter of the seminiferous tubules was small, and Sertoli-cell-only syndrome was determined in most of the tubules. iNOS expression was very weak in Sertoli cells, germ cells, and in Leydig cells in the spermatozoa-present group. In the spermatozoa-absent group, the immunostaining was very intense in Sertoli and Leydig cells. Electron microscopy findings were supported the histologic results. In conclusion, complete germ cell loss and intense expression of iNOS in the Sertoli and Leydig cells in the spermatozoa-absent groups of azoospermic human testis suggest an essential role of iNOS in spermatogenesis.     

Protecting spermatogonia from apoptosis induced by doxorubicin using the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog leuprorelin

PURPOSE: The present study was performed to investigate the protective effect of leuprorelin (LH-RH analog), on spermatogonia apoptosis induced by doxorubicin (DXR) in the Sprague-Dawley rat model. METHODS: Twenty-four adult male rats were divided into the following four groups: (i) control group; (ii) group given doxorubicin (intravenous injection, 8 mg/kg); (iii) group given leuprorelin (subcutaneous injection, 3 mg/kg); and (iv) group given both doxorubicin (intravenous injection, 8 mg/kg) and leuprorelin (subcutaneous injection, 3 mg/kg). Evaluation for quantification of apoptotic spermatogonia was made by the ratio of TUNEL-labeled spermatogonia versus 100 Sertoli cells in each seminiferous tubule. Two hundred seminiferous tubules of each rat were assessed. RESULTS: The ratio of apoptotic spermatogonia versus 100 Sertoli cells at stages II-IV of the groups given DXR (groups 2 and 4) were significantly higher than those of the other groups. However, the value at stages II-IV of the group given both DXR and leuprorelin (group 4) was significantly lower than that of the group given DXR (group 2). CONCLUSION: The significant prophylactic effect (P < 0.05) of LH-RH analog against doxorubicin-induced spermatogonial apoptosis was observed in a stage specific manner by microscopic evaluation with TUNEL.     

Insulin-like growth factor-I and transforming growth factor-α stimulate differentiation of type A spermatogonia in organ culture of adult mouse cryptorchid testes

This study assessed the effect of growth factors on testicular germ cell differentiation in vitro . Testicular fragments of experimentally prepared cryptorchid testes of adult mice were cultured for 9 days in serum-free media containing various concentrations of IGF-I, TGF-α, FGF, and PDGF. Their histology was then examined under a light microscope. Each type of germ cell and mitotic cell in the seminiferous tubules was counted per 1000 Sertoli cells. IGF-I at a concentration of 10 ng/ml induced maximal differentiation of type A spermatogonia. TGF-α at concentrations ranging from 1 to 10 ng/ml also stimulated differentiation, whereas FGF and PDGF did not show any stimulation of spermatogonial differentiation in this experimental system.     

Spermatogenic cycle length and spermatogenic efficiency in the gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus)

The gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) is a rodent native of the arid regions of Mongolia and China. Because the gerbil can be easily bred in laboratory conditions, this species has been largely used as an experimental model in biomedical research. However, there is still little information concerning the testis structure and function in the gerbil. In this regard, we performed a detailed morpho-functional analysis of the gerbil testis and estimated the spermatogenic cycle length utilizing 3H-thymidine as a marker for germ cell progression during their evolution through the spermatogenic process. The stage frequencies of the XII stages characterized according to the acrosome formation and development were (I-XII) 13.8, 10.1, 8.1, 7.8, 4.0, 11.2, 7.5, 7.1, 5.9, 7.6, 8.1, and 8.9. The mean duration of each seminiferous epithelium cycle was determined to be 10.6 +/- 1.0 days and the total duration of spermatogenesis, based on 4.5 cycles, was approximately 47.5 days. The volume density of tubular and interstitial compartments was approximately 92% and 8%, respectively. Based on the volume occupied by seminiferous tubules in the testis and the tubular diameter, about 9 and 18 m of seminiferous tubules were found per testis and per gram of testis, respectively. Twelve primary spermatocytes were formed from each type A1 spermatogonia. The meiotic index was 2.8, indicating that 30% of cell loss occurs during meiosis. The number of Leydig and Sertoli cells per gram of the testis was 28 million and each Sertoli cell was able to support approximately 13 spermatids. The daily sperm production per gram of testis (spermatogenic efficiency) was 33 million. Taken together, these data indicate that, mainly due to the high seminiferous tubule volume density and Sertoli cell support capacity for germ cells, the gerbil presents high spermatogenic efficiency compared with other mammalian species already investigated. The data obtained in the present study might provide the basis for future research involving the reproductive biology in this species.     

Effect of the ethanolic extract from Fagara tessmannii on testicular function, sex reproductive organs and hormone level in adult male rats

The effect of ethanolic extract of Fagara tessmannii, wide medicinal plants used on reproductive function in South Cameroon, was investigated in male rats. Twenty male sexually experienced rats (four groups) were orally treated with vehicle, 0.01, 0.1, 1 g kg(-1) BW per day of F. tessmannii (equivalent to 16.67 g, 33.33 g, 50 g, 66.66 g kg(-1) dry raw material) for 14 days, the upper limit dose without any clinical sign of toxicity was 2 g kg(-1). Fagara tessmannii extract negatively affected weight of accessory organs and significantly affected body weight gain at dose 1 g kg(-1) (P < 0.05) in treated rats. The weight of epididymis and seminal vesicle significantly decreased at low doses (0.01 g kg(-1)) while the prostate weight decreased at all doses (P < 0.05). The transit of spermatozoa in cauda epididymidis significantly increased at lower dose of 0.01 g kg(-1) (P < 0.05). In addition, F. tessmannii extract affected neither daily sperm production (DSP) and DSP per g nor sperm count in vas deferens and epididymis. The length of stages IX-I of the seminiferous tubule and serum testosterone level increased dose-dependently following 14 days of treatment (P < 0.05). The results suggest that F. tessmannii, 14 days after treatment, may improve spermatogenesis, testosterone level and sperm transit in cauda epididymidis but negatively impair reproductive organ activities.