肝移植对肝肺综合征的临床疗效探讨

 目的 探讨肝肺综合征的f临床特点及肝移植对其治疗效果.方法 对我院2例肝肺综合征患者分别进行亲体肝移植和全肝移植术后的临床资料进行回顾分析.对2例患者术前及术后症状,动脉血氧分压以及核医学肺首次+灌注通气显像结果进行对比,同时对术后进行不同时间点的随访.结果 肝脏移植术后患者的呼吸困难症状得到明显改善.结论 早期肝移植是晚期肝硬化合并肝肺综合征患者的有效治疗手段.     

多层螺旋CT对肝移植受体手术前后评估

目的探讨多层螺旋CT血管造影（MSCTA）对原位肝移植受体手术前后的评估. 资料与方法对14例临床拟行肝移植受体进行MSCT多期增强扫描,并行2D、3D血管重建,观察肝脏、血管情况.5例行原位肝移植手术患者的MSCTA图像与手术对照分析. 结果 14例患者的肝脏病变及肝动脉和门静脉系血管结构清晰显示,其中肝硬化6例,肝硬化合并肝癌5例,Budd-Chiari综合征1例,Budd-Chiari综合征合并肝硬化1例,Budd-Chiari综合征合并小肝癌1例. 肝动脉解剖走行常见型11例,变异3例,腹腔干狭窄2例,肝动脉狭窄1例,脾动脉瘤1例.显示门静脉系血栓5例,门脉高压侧支循环形成6例;胆管结石3例.5例肝移植受体术前门脉癌栓1例,门脉高压侧支循环形成3例,术后未发现并发症. 结论 MSCTA对肝移植受体术前术后提供更多准确的信息,具有很好的应用前景.     

肝移植术后肝静脉流出道梗阻的介入治疗

目的 探讨肝移植术后肝静脉流出道梗阻(HVO)的介入治疗方法及临床效果.方法 回顾性分析5例肝移植术后(劈离式肝移植2例,活体肝移植3例)发生HVO,实施支架植入(4例)和经皮腔内血管成形术(1例)患者的临床资料和介入技术要点.结果介入治疗3例采取经皮肝穿刺肝静脉人路,2例采取右颈内静脉入路.肝静脉造影显示HVO发生在肝左或肝右静脉与下腔静脉吻合口3例,在肝总静脉与肝右静脉吻合口2例.5例介入治疗均成功,介入术后肝静脉与右心房间压力梯度从(15.4±5.6)mmHg下降到(1.9±1.2)mmHg.术后随访9～482 d,无一例发生再狭窄.术后1例因多器官功能衰竭死亡,4例术前明显升高的血清转氨酶和(或)胆红素术后均恢复正常.术前伴有大茸腹水、消化道出血的2例术后腹水均缓解,消化道出血停止.结论 HVO是肝移植术后少见并发症,危害严重,介入治疗是其安全,有效的治疗方法.     

肝移植术后血管源性并发症的多层螺旋CT血管造影表现

目的:提高对肝移植术后血管源性并发症在多层螺旋CT血管造影(MSCTA)表现的认识.材料和方法:回顾性分析肝移植术后行MSCTA检查的39例的CT表现.结果:肝移植术后血管源性并发症18例,其中表现肝动脉狭窄7例、肝动脉血栓1例、门静脉血栓3例、门静脉狭窄2例、下腔静脉狭窄1例、脾动脉盗血综合征3例以及肝段缺血或梗死3例.结论:肝移植术后血管源性并发症MSCTA表现明确,MSCTA诊断具有安全、无创、准确的特点,同时可发现因血管源性并发症而引起的继发改变,为患者进一步治疗提供重要信息.     

活体右半肝供体外科并发症预防、诊断和处理

 目的 分析活体肝移植供体右半肝切除术后外科并发症的临床特征及预防和处理措施. 方法 总结2年间,65例活体供体右半肝切取术后的临床资料,分析外科并发症发生情况及预防、处理措施.结果 术后累计发生外科并发症14例次(21.54%);其中切口脂肪液化、感染(4例,6.15%)及肝断面胆汁漏(4例,6.15%)是最常见的并发症;肺部感染、腹腔内出血、门静脉左支狭窄、腹腔引流管折断、胆管狭窄和小肝综合征各1例(1.54%).门静脉左支狭窄病例术中当即采用自体大隐静脉血管补片修补右支残端;胆管狭窄病例术中当即留置T形管;腹腔内出血、引流管折断和肝断面胆漏(1例)再次剖腹探查;另3例肝断面胆漏经皮穿刺引流痊愈.结论 右半肝供体有相当高的外科并发症,精细的手术技巧和及时处理是改善外科并发症预后的关键.     

肝移植术后动脉窃血综合征的介入诊疗(附5例报道)

目的:对肝移植术后动脉窃血综合征的诊断和介入治疗进行初步的探讨.方法:5例患者因肝移植治疗术后超声多普勒检查肝内未见动脉血流,提示肝动脉闭塞而行急症DSA检查.血管造影诊断为窃血综合征,并行窃血动脉介入栓塞治疗.结果:5例患者中脾动脉窃血4例,胃十二指肠动脉和胃右动脉窃血1例,患者随访时间3～9个月,随访期间患者移植肝脏功能正常,未见与动脉栓塞相关的并发症发生.结论:肝移植术后动脉窃血综合征虽然发生率不高,但造成的危害严重,应该受到重视,早期诊断、早期治疗彩夺目对于移植肝脏功能的保护相当重要.介入栓塞治疗以其微创、高效、并发症少的优点,应作为首选的治疗方法.     

彩色多普勒超声在活体肝移植供体术中术后的应用价值

 目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声在活体肝移植供体术中术后的应用价值.方法 应用Mylab30、Sequoia512超声诊断仪对60例活体供肝肝移植供体进行术中、术后超声检查.术中应用超声标记肝中静脉及其粗大属支走行,协助外科医师进行供肝切取;术中切除供肝后,检查残肝血流情况;术后对供体残肝进行超声监测.结果 60例供者在术中超声定位引导下均成功切取肝脏;术中超声发现残肝门静脉狭窄1例(1/60,1.67%);术后超声检查发现胆漏4例(4/60,6.67%)、脾脏增大16例(16/60,26.67%),其中8例(8/16,50%)伴腹水.结论 在活体肝移植供体术中及术后彩色多普勒超声检查具有重要价值.     

多层螺旋CT测量肝体积在活体肝移植中的应用

目的 评价多层螺旋CT测量肝体积在活体肝移植的应用价值.方法 亲体肝移植供体和受体各18例接受了多层螺旋CT扫描,所有病例联合应用阈值法和层切法测量受体的全肝、供体的右半肝和左半肝叶体积,测量结果与术中实际肝体积进行对比.结果 多层螺旋CT测量的受体平均肝脏体积为1232.4 cm3 ,术中平均肝脏体积为1220.1 cm3;多层螺旋CT测量供体肝左叶及右叶平均体积分别为392.9 cm3、836.59 cm3,术中肝左叶及肝右叶平均体积分别为389.9 cm3、832.84 cm3 2种方法测量结果差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 MSCT可以准确评价肝体积,为活体肝移植术前提供重要依据.     

介入放射技术在肝移植术后肝动脉并发症中的应用

目的 探讨介入放射技术在肝移植术后肝动脉并发症诊治中的应用价值.方法 对13例肝移植术后出现肝动脉并发症患者进行介入治疗.对6例肝动脉狭窄(HAS)者采用PTA或支架植入治疗,3例肝动脉闭塞者先行动脉开通,再行PTA或支架治疗,3例肝动脉血栓形成(HAT)者行经导管溶栓治疗,1例胃十二指肠动脉盗血综合征(GSS)者行胃...     

磁共振成像对活体肝移植术前、术后影像评价

肝移植是治疗终末期肝病的有效方法。随着技术的进步,越来越多的人接受肝移植,供肝缺乏成为最大的非免疫学障碍,活体供肝是最有望成为解决这一问题的方法。磁共振成像（Magnetic resonance imaging,MRI）可以在术前了解供体肝内血管及胆管的走向、分支及有无变异;了解受体病灶、血管及胆管解剖;同时可以对肝移植术后并发症进行早期诊断,MRI检查对提高肝移植患者的存活率及生存质量有很大帮助。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.