FD Nd:YAG激光光凝治疗视网膜裂孔

目的：探讨激光在视网膜裂孔的光凝治疗中的作用，以及视网膜脱离术后行眼底激光光凝治疗对其手术的补充作用和在光凝中的技术问题。方法：对36例视网膜裂孔的患者用FD Nd：YAG(532nm)激光进行视网膜光凝治疗。结果：36眼视网膜裂孔的患者中，治疗有效28眼，占77．8％。结论：用FD Nd：YAG(532nm)激光对视网膜裂孔的患者进行视网膜光凝治疗效果显著。     

倍频Nd:YAG激光治疗视网膜静脉阻塞的新生血管

目的探讨倍频Nd:YAG532激光光凝治疗视网膜静脉阻塞新生血管的方法和疗效。方法对26例视网膜静脉阻塞伴新生血管的31眼采用倍频Nd:YAG532激光进行视网膜光凝治疗。光凝后经3月～2.5a随访,对比分析光凝前后的视力变化及眼底改变。结果有效21眼(68％),好转7眼(22％),无效3眼(10％)。视力提高19眼(61％)。结论倍频Nd:YAG532激光光凝术对视网膜静脉阻塞新生血管的消退及预防玻璃体积血具有显著疗效。     

倍频Nd:YAG治疗糖尿病性黄斑病变的疗效分析

目的：探讨倍频Nd：YAG治疗糖尿病性黄斑病变的时机和疗效。方法：回顾性分析经倍频Nd：YAG激光光凝治疗的糖尿病性黄斑病变病例66例(96只眼)，比较不同分期的疗效。结果：本组治疗后65只眼(占67．7％)黄斑水肿减轻，硬性渗出减少，FFA示黄斑区荧光渗漏减轻。激光治疗后视力提高、不变和下降情况分别为17只眼(17．7％)、68只眼(71．9％)和11只眼(11．5％)。结论：激光光凝治疗糖尿病性黄斑病变能有效地减轻黄斑区视网膜水肿，稳定或提高视力，激光治疗效果与糖尿病性黄斑病变程度有关。倍频Nd：YAG激光是治疗糖尿病性黄斑病变的较为理想的激光。     

倍频Nd：YAG激光治疗糖尿病眼底新生血管

目的：观察应用倍频Nd:YAG激光器治疗糖尿病眼底新生血管的疗效。方法：对42例（59眼）糖尿病眼底出现新生血管的病人采用倍频Nd:YAG激光器（波长532nm)进行治疗。结果：光凝后视力较光凝前提高及荧光血管造影指标好转非常明显,差异有显著性（P＜0．05）。结论：全视网膜光凝对糖尿病眼底新生血管是有效的治疗方法,能恢复一定视力。     

倍频532nm激光治疗糖尿病视网膜病变50例

目的观察倍频532nm激光视网膜光凝术治疗糖尿病视网膜病变(diabeticretinopathy,DR)的疗效。方法用倍频532nm激光对50例(89眼)增生前期和增生早期DR患者进行视网膜光凝治疗。光凝3～8次,术后平均随访16月。结果治疗后29眼(32.6%)视力提高,视力无变化55眼(61.8%),视力下降5眼(5.6%)。随病变程度增加疗效降低(P<0.01)。荧光素眼底血管造影检查,有黄斑水肿的58眼中,光凝后水肿完全消退者32眼(55.2%),部分消退者24眼(41.4%),不变者2眼(3.4%)。5眼晶状体混浊加重。结论倍频532nm激光视网膜光凝术治疗DR有效,在增生前期治疗效果好。     

倍频Nd：YAG激光治疗新生血管增生性糖尿病性视网膜病变

目的研究倍频Nd：YAG激光治疗新生血管增生性糖尿病性视网膜病变的效果。方法应用倍频Nd：YAG激光对70例118眼新生血管增生性糖尿病性视网膜病变的患者进行全视网膜光凝，有黄斑水肿者行黄斑区格子样光凝，并对光凝前后视网膜新生血管及视力进行比较和统计分析。结果视网膜光凝术后新生血管消退，未再出现玻璃体积血，总有效率73．7％，光凝前后视力及新生血管好转均非常明显，差异有显著统计学意义（P〈0．0001）。结论本研究表明倍频Nd：YAG激光治疗新生血管增生性糖尿病性视网膜病变是有效的治疗方法，能恢复一定的视力。     

倍频Nd:YAG激光光凝对不同分期糖尿病视网膜病变患者视力康复的影响

目的:探讨倍频Nd:YAG激光光凝对不同分期糖尿病视网膜病变患者视力康复的影响。方法:根据DRPSG(diabetic retinopathy photocoagulation study group)制定的治疗技术规定,对219例368眼分别为增殖前期糖尿病视网膜病变(PPDR)和增殖期糖尿病视网膜病变(PDR)用倍频Nd:YAG激光行全视网膜光凝治疗,术后3,6,12mo后复查眼底荧光血管造影。结果:PPDR患者视力提高和不变者占77.6%,PDR患者视力提高和不变者占83.4%,而高危PDR患者视力提高和不变者占65.2%。结论:倍频Nd:YAG激光治疗DR是安全有效的,选择合适的时机和合理的激光参数对不同分期DR行全视网膜光凝是确保DR患者视力康复的关键。     

视网膜激光治疗糖尿病性视网膜病变的临床观察

目的观察倍频532nm激光视网膜光凝术治疗糖尿病性视网膜病（DR）的疗效。方法用倍频532nm激光对298例（568只眼）增生前期和增生早期DR患者进行视网膜光凝治疗。光凝3～6次,术后平均随访9个月。结果治疗后182只眼（32%）视力提高,视力无变化352只眼（62%）,视力下降34只眼（6%）。随病变程度增加疗效降低（P〈0.01）。荧光素眼底血管造影（FFA）及相干光断层扫描（OCT）检查,有黄斑水肿的272只眼中,光凝后水肿完全消退者142只眼（52%）,部分消退者122只眼（45%）,不变者82只眼（3%）。结论倍频532nm激光视网膜光凝术治疗DR有效,在增生前期治疗效果好。     

532nm倍频激光治疗高原血管性眼底病变的临床研究

目的：观察532nm倍频激光视网膜光凝(panretinal photocoagulation, PRP)治疗高原地区糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinpathy, DR)及视网膜静脉阻塞(retinal vein occlusion,RVO)的临床疗效,评价氩激光治疗眼底血管病的安全性、有效性。

方法：选择DR患者122例227眼,其中增殖前期糖尿病性视网膜病变(preproliferative diabetic retinopathy, PPDR)51例90眼、增殖期糖尿病性视网膜病变(proliferative diabetic retinopathy,PDR)71例137眼; RVO患者120例124眼,其中中央静脉阻塞(central retinal vein occlusion,CRVO)27例27眼,分支静脉阻塞(branch retinal vein occlusion,BRVO)93例97眼,进行532nm底激光视网膜光凝治疗。每位患者在结束最后一次治疗后1,3,6mo复查眼底、视力、FFA检查。

结果：DR患者行视网膜光凝术后,PPDR有效81眼(90.0%)、无效9眼(10.0%); PDR有效98眼(71.5%),无效39眼(28.5%),总有效率78.9%; RVO患者行视网膜光凝术后, BRVO有效者90眼(92.8%),CRVO有效者22眼(81.5%)。532nm倍频激光治疗眼底血管性疾病的总有效率为82.9%。

结论：532nm倍频激光光凝治疗高原地区眼底血管性疾病是一种安全有效的治疗方法,糖尿病视网膜病变增殖前期激光治疗的有效率高于增殖期,治疗时机的合理选择可有效阻止DR的进展,防止失明的严重后果; 对RVO及时进行视网膜激光光凝的干预治疗,可以加速出血水肿吸收,防止新生血管的产生,降低并发症。     

532nm激光联合复方樟柳碱治疗视网膜分支静脉阻塞的疗效

目的：探讨倍频Nd：YAG 532nm激光联合复方樟柳碱治疗视网膜分支静脉阻塞(branch retinal vein occlusion, BRVO)的疗效。

方法：选择130例130眼BRVO患者随机分为对照组和治疗组。对照组单纯应用532nm激光进行视网膜激光光凝治疗; 治疗组在应用532nm激光进行视网膜激光光凝同时,加用复方樟柳碱局部封闭治疗。观察治疗3mo后两组患者视力变化情况,眼底荧光血管造影(fundus fluorescein angiography, FFA)检查视网膜循环情况。

结果：联合复方樟柳碱治疗组与单纯激光治疗对照组相比,视力提高显著,差异有统计学意义(P=0.02<0.05)。直接检眼镜及FFA检查视网膜出血吸收、黄斑水肿减轻程度、毛细血管无灌注区消失、无新生血管形成等,治疗组均较对照组明显好转。

结论：倍频Nd：YAG 532nm激光联合复方樟柳碱治疗BRVO 3mo后,视力及FFA检查明显优于单纯532nm激光治疗。     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Effects of Adenosine Agonists on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effects of single or multiple topical doses of the relatively selective A₁adenosine receptor agonists (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor flow (AHF) and outflow facility were investigated in ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. IOP and AHF were determined, under ketamine anesthesia, by Goldmann applanation tonometry and fluorophotometry, respectively. Total outflow facility was determined by anterior chamber perfusion under pentobarbital anesthesia. A single unilateral topical application of R-PIA (20–250 μg) or CHA (20–500 μg) produced ocular hypertension (maximum rise=4.9 or 3.5 mmHg) within 30 min, followed by ocular hypotension (maximum fall=2.1 or 3.6 mmHg) from 2–6 hr. The relatively selective adenosine A₂antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 320 μg) inhibited the early hypertension, without influencing the hypotension. Neither 100 μg R-PIA nor 500 μg CHA clearly altered AHF. Total outflow facility was increased by 71% 3 hr after 100 μg R-PIA. In conclusion, the early ocular hypertension produced by topical adenosine agonists in cynomolgus monkeys is associated with the activation of adenosine A₂receptors, while the subsequent hypotension appears to be mediated by adenosine A₁receptors and results primarily from increased outflow facility.