吩噻嗪类药物对人胶质瘤U-251细胞的杀伤和放射增敏作用

目的观察吩噻嗪类化合物对肿瘤细胞的杀伤及放射增敏作用。方法三氟拉嗪（TFP）和吩噻嗪作用于体外培养的U-251细胞，克隆形成法检测辐射敏感性，流式细胞术检测细胞周期变化。结果TFP和吩噻嗪有明显的抑制U-251细胞增殖和提高其放射敏感性的作用，TFP的作用比吩噻嗪更加明显，20μmol／L的TFP可抑制4Gy照射后6h的G2/M阻滞的发生。结论TFP对人胶质瘤U-251细胞具有杀伤及放射增敏作用。     

PFT-α在调控热化疗损伤结肠上皮细胞增殖和周期中的作用

目的：探讨p53抑制剂PFT-α（p-fifty three inhibitor-alpha，PFT-α）对热化疗损伤肠上皮细胞增殖、周期的影响，及对热化疗损伤肠上皮细胞的保护作用。方法：MTT法分析PFT-α对结肠上皮细胞增殖及其对热化疗杀伤DLD1细胞的影响。顺铂联合温热处理结肠上皮细胞，对比加入不同浓度的PFT-α，Annexin V-FITC／PI和PI染色后流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡和周期。结果：PFT-α在低于50μmol／L时，对于结肠上皮细胞增殖无影响，高于60μmol／L则抑制细胞增殖（P＜0．01）。PFT-α在5～40μmol／L之间。PFT-α不影响DLD1细胞生长，达50μmol／L时，则对肿瘤细胞的生长有一定的抑制效应（P〈0．05）。达60μmol／L，这种抑制效应更明显（P〈0．01）。PFT-α呈浓度依赖性降低热化疗诱导的结肠上皮细胞凋亡率，使细胞G2／M延长。结论：PFT-α可使细胞G2／M期延长而保护结肠上皮细胞。     

6-溴异香兰素对HeLa细胞的增殖抑制及放射增敏作用

目的研究香兰素衍生物中的6-溴异香兰素（6-溴-5-羟基-4-甲氧基苯甲醛,BVAN08）对HeLa细胞增殖和放射敏感性的影响,为开发新的抗癌和放射增敏药物提供理论依据。方法利用MTT法检测细胞增殖,单细胞凝胶电泳检测细胞DNA损伤,流式细胞术检测细胞周期,克隆形成率法检测细胞放射敏感性,AnnexinⅤ/PI染色法检测细胞凋亡。结果研究表明BVAN08在10～20μmol/L以上浓度就显示出对HeLa细胞增殖的抑制作用,抑制程度具有剂量依赖性,抑制细胞存活的IC50值为19.07μmol/L。BVAN08能诱发细胞DNA双链断裂损伤,作用4h就开始诱发细胞周期G2/M阻滞,随时间延长阻滞更加明显。BVAN08明显降低DNA修复蛋白DNA-PKcs的表达水平,20μmol/LBVAN08与2Gyγ射线复合作用可以显著增加细胞对射线的敏感性,增加细胞凋亡率。结论 BVAN08抑制HeLa细胞增殖,提高细胞的放射敏感性,其放射增敏作用与降低DNA-PKcs蛋白表达水平和G2/M阻滞有关。     

土大黄苷对乳腺癌细胞SK-BR-3增殖的影响

目的观察土大黄苷对乳腺癌细胞SK-BR-3增殖的影响,并初步探讨其作用机制。方法采用MTT法检测土大黄苷对SK-BR-3细胞的增殖抑制作用,倒置显微镜下观察细胞的形态学变化,W estern印迹检测Akt及p-Akt蛋白的表达情况。结果土大黄苷可抑制SK-BR-3细胞增殖,其作用具有浓度和时间依赖性,72 h的IC50为（181.3±11.4）μmol/L。200、400μmol/L土大黄苷作用48 h后显示出明显的细胞毒作用,显微镜下可见细胞碎片增多、细胞密度减小。土大黄苷在100、200、400μmol/L浓度时均可抑制p-Akt蛋白的表达。结论土大黄苷可抑制SK-BR-3细胞的增殖,其机制可能与抑制p-Akt表达有关。     

含CpG寡脱氧核苷酸增强人肺癌细胞株A549放射敏感性的研究

目的探讨含CpG基序的寡脱氧核苷酸对人肺癌细胞株A549放射敏感性的影响。方法分别用不同浓度CpG ODN处理A549细胞,经β射线照射后,检测细胞增殖和集落形成情况,ELISA法检测细胞TNF-α、IL-12和INF-γ的分泌水平,G riess检测细胞NO的含量。结果 CpG ODN抑制A549细胞的增殖,并呈量效关系。CpG ODN（10μg/m l）联合β射线照射,抑制A549细胞的增殖作用最强,且增加了TNF-α、IL-12、INF-γ和NO的分泌。结论 CpG ODN对A549细胞有明显的放射增敏作用,其机制可能与CpG ODN抑制A549细胞增殖、增强TNF-α、IL-12、INF-γ和NO的分泌有关。     

东北红豆杉中19种单体化合物对宫颈癌HeLa细胞增殖的影响

 目的 考察东北红豆杉中19种紫杉烷类(taxnae)化合物对宫颈癌HeLa细胞增殖的影响.方法 采用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)比色法测定东北红豆杉中19种紫杉烷类化合物对宫颈癌HeLa细胞增殖的影响.结果 处理HeLa细胞48h后,化合物5、7、16在10-4mol/L浓度对HeLa细胞的增殖有明显的抑制作用(P＜0.01),存活率依次为26.93%、20.79%和32.82%;在10-6～10-4mol/L浓度范围内,化合物3、14呈现一定的剂量依赖关系.结论 5种紫杉烷类化合物对宫颈癌HeLa细胞增殖有不同程度的抑制作用.     

DNA依赖性蛋白激酶催化亚基在电离辐射诱发HeLa细胞自噬中的作用

目的：了解DNA依赖性蛋白激酶催化亚基（ DNA-PKcs）在电离辐射诱发细胞自噬中的作用。方法通过慢病毒载体（ pSicoR ）构建DNA-PKcs短发夹RNA （ shRNA ）表达载体,并转染HeLa细胞敲低DNA-PKcs表达。CCK-8实验检测细胞增殖活性及细胞放射敏感性,免疫印迹检测自噬相关蛋白表达,免疫荧光实验检测自噬标志物GFP-LC3的表达。结果成功构建shRNA敲低DNA-PKcs表达的HeLa细胞模型,通过该细胞模型观察到抑制DNA-PKcs蛋白表达导致细胞增殖能力降低、放射敏感性增高。 P62和LC3蛋白表达变化,以及细胞内绿色荧光蛋白（ GFP）-LC3免疫荧光斑检测结果显示,DNA-PKcs基因敲低后,明显增加X射线诱发细胞自噬。抑制DNA-PKcs导致哺乳动物西罗莫司（雷帕霉素）靶蛋白（ mTOR）第2481位丝氨酸磷酸化水平降低。结论抑制DNA-PKcs增强受照射宫颈癌HeLa细胞的自噬及放射敏感性,mTOR信号通路可能参与DNA-PKcs对自噬的调节作用。     

雷公藤红素联合5-氟尿嘧啶在人结肠癌细胞中的相互作用

目的体外观察雷公藤红素与5-氟尿嘧啶（5-FU）联用在人结肠癌HCT-116细胞增殖中的相互作用。方法采用MTT法观察不同浓度雷公藤红素及5-FU单独或联合应用对结肠癌细胞的生长抑制作用,并利用中效原理判断联合用药的效果。结果雷公藤红素和5-FU单独应用时,随药物浓度增加对HCT-116细胞的抑制作用也增加,中效浓度分别为3.533μmol/L,9.254μmol/L,两药联用时在大部分效应范围（0〈fa〈83％）表现协同作用（CI〈1），中效浓度为6．433μmol／L．其中雷公藤红素0．099μmol／L，5-FU6．33μmol／L。两药合用给药时间及次序不同时不同时，合用效应无明显差异。结论上述两种药物联合应用时具有较好的协同效应，且药物效应与给药顺序无关。     

野生型p53基因转染卵巢癌SKOV-3细胞对放疗敏感性的影响

目的 探讨γ射线照射抑制平滑肌细胞（SMC）增殖的信号传递途径。方法 培养的动脉平滑肌细胞分别接受吸收剂量为3.5、7．0、14Gy^60Coγ射线照射后，以^3H-TdR掺入法测定平滑肌细胞增殖程度，放射活性法测定蛋白激酶C（PKC）及丝裂素活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）活性。结果 7．0、14Gy^60Coγ射线能明显抑制平滑肌细胞增殖，同时有MAPK、PKC活性明显降低。结论 7．0、14Gy^60Coγ射线抑制血管平滑肌细胞增殖可能是通过降低MAPK、PKC活性途径实现的。     

白介素21基因联合放射对子宫颈癌HeLa细胞的协同抑制作用

目的 探讨外源性I L-21基因表达联合放射对子宫颈癌HeLa细胞的协同抑制作用.方法 将构建好的重组腺病毒Ad-IL-21转染人胚肾293A细胞,进行病毒扩增,采用TCID50方法测定腺病毒的滴度.将扩增的Ad-IL-21腺病毒于体外转染HeLa细胞,转染后进行6 Gy 137Cs γ射线照射,利用随机数字表法分为5组,空白对照组不加任何处理,含LacZ基因、但不含IL-21基因的对照腺病毒为Ad-LacZ对照组,Ad-IL-21组,单纯照射组以及联合处理组,观察HeLa细胞的细胞生长曲线、细胞周期、细胞凋亡、IL-21基因和蛋白表达的变化.结果 Ad-IL-21重组腺病毒在293A细胞中扩增成功,获得了高滴度的病毒颗粒,滴度为9×1010pfu/ml.Ad-IL-21组、单纯照射组和联合处理组中,HeLa细胞的生长均明显受到抑制,其中转染后96 h,与Ad-IL-21组和单纯照射组比,联合处理组HeLa细胞的抑制效应最显著(F=85.26、72.98,P＜0.05).联合处理组HeLa细胞发生G.期阻滞,S期细胞数量减少(F=36.69、34.83,P＜0.05),凋亡细胞数量增加(F=28.23、25.57,P＜0.05).联合处理组HeLa细胞中IL-21基因表达量分别是Ad-IL-21组和空白对照组的1.54倍和2.43倍(F=22.31、36.65,P＜0.05);蛋白表达量分别是Ad-IL-21组和空白对照组的1.62倍和2.31倍(F=27.36、35.86,P＜0.05).结论 IL-21基因联合放射对子宫颈癌细胞的抑瘤作用具有协同效应,有效地抑制肿瘤细胞的生长.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）