反复煎炸油内致突变作用的研究

本文采用小鼠末梢血红细胞和骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验方法对反复煎炸油的体内致突变性进行了研究。结果表明：２０ｍｌ／ｋｇ和１０ｍｌ／ｋｇ剂量的反复煎炸油连续灌胃１４天，小鼠末梢血红细胞微核率和骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率明显高于新鲜菜油对照组，并呈剂量相关趋势；末梢血红细胞微核率的时效分析表明，反复煎炸油对体细胞的致突变性具有蓄积作用；研究还表明末梢血红细胞和骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验方法具有良好的相关性。     

甜茶致突变作用的研究

目的与方法： 采用小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验和Ames试验对甜茶进行了致突变作用研究。 结果： 甜茶对小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验无诱发微核作用;小鼠精子畸形试验未见导致精子畸形和畸形率增高;Ames试验在加与不加S 9的条件下均无致突变性。 结论： 在本试验条件下,甜茶无致突变作用。     

格兰西隆的致突变性研究

应用Ａｍｅｓ试验，体外染色体畸变试验和微核试验对格兰西隆进行了致突变性研究。研究结果，格兰西隆的各剂量组对ＴＡ９８，ＴＡ９７，ＴＡ１００，ＴＡ１０２在加和不加Ｓ９ｍｉｘ条件下均无致突变性，染色体畸变试验中，在加Ｓ９ｍｉｘ条件下，１５μｇ／ｍｌ和３０μｇ／ｍｌ剂量对ＣＨＬ细胞诱发的畸变率分别为６％和７％，为阳性。以４８ｍｇ／ｋｇ剂量以上对小鼠骨髓多染红细胞有诱发微核作用。实验结果提示，格兰西隆具有潜在致突变性。     

伊痛舒的致突变作物研究

应用ＣＨＬ细胞染色体畸变试验、Ａｍｅｓ试验和小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验对伊痛舒进行了致突变作用研究。结果显示：０．００６２５ｍｌ／皿、０．０１２５ｍｌ／皿、０．０２５ｍｌ／皿、０．０５ｍｌ／皿、０．１ｍｌ／皿剂量组ＴＡ９７、ＴＡ９８、ＴＡ１００、ＴＡ１０２各试验菌株ＭＲ〈２；１２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ、２５００ｍｇ／ｋｇ、５０００ｍｇ／ｋｇ各剂量组ＰＣＥ微核率分别为２．０％、２．２％、２．８％，与对照组（     

海狗油脂肪乳的致突变试验研究

目的 目的观察海狗油脂肪乳是否存在遗传毒性.方法 应用Ames试验、中国仓鼠肺细胞体外培养染色体畸变试验和小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验,研究海狗油脂肪乳的致突变作用.结果 Ames试验在P《5.0mg/皿浓度下未见回复突变菌落数显著增加;中国仓鼠肺细胞体外培养染色体畸变试验在P《6.6mg/ml浓度下未出现细胞染色体畸变率显著增高;小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验在P《6.0g/kg剂量下未诱发微核细胞率的增高.结论 海狗油脂肪乳在试验剂量范围内,无致突变作用.     

盐酸洛美利嗪(KB-2796)致突变性试验研究

目的：评价盐酸洛美利嗪(KB-2796)的致突变性。方法：应用Ames试验、小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验及体外培养细胞染色体畸变试验,进行了致突变作用研究。结果：各剂量组盐酸洛美利嗪在有无S 9条件下,对TA 97a、TA 98、 TA 100、 TA 102、 TA 1535均无诱发回复突变菌落数增加作用;对CHL细胞染色体无诱发畸变作用;对小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞也无诱发微核率增加的作用。 结论： 本实验条件下盐酸洛美利嗪(KB-2796)无致突变作用。     

复方消经痛胶囊致突变性研究

目的：研究复方消经痛胶囊的致突变性。方法：采用小鼠精子畸形试验、骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验和小鼠睾丸染色体畸变试验,观察其致突变性。结果：复方消经痛胶囊的小鼠精子畸形试验,骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验和小鼠染色体畸变试验结果均为阴性。结论：在本实验条件下,未发现复方消经痛胶囊的致突变性。     

通便袋泡茶的致突变性

背景与目的： 研究通便袋泡茶的潜在致突变性。 材料与方法： 采用常规的小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸变试验和Ames试验。 结果： 通便袋泡茶小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验和Ames试验结果均为阴性。 结论： 在本试验条件下,通便袋泡茶无致突变作用。     

北豆根多糖的致突变性与抗突变性研究

目的 应用Ames试验和小鼠微核试验,研究北豆根多糖在不同剂量下的致突变作用和抗突变作用.方法 Ames试验采用预培养法,微核试验采用连续ip给药11天的小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核计数法.结果 北豆根多糖在＜2 000 μg/皿和＜40 mg/kg剂量下,未诱发Ames试验各菌株回变菌落数的增高和微核试验骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率的增高.Ames试验在北豆根多糖500 μg-1 000 μg/皿浓度范围,可使阳性剂环磷酰胺和丝裂霉素C所诱发的高回变菌落数出现明显降低;微核试验在北豆根多糖20 mg-40 mg/kg剂量范围,可使阳性剂40 mg/kg环磷酰胺或2 mg/kg丝裂霉素C所诱发的高微核率出现明显降低.结论 北豆根多糖不存在基因突变和染色体畸变作用,具有对抗和减轻致突变剂环磷酰胺和丝裂霉素C的抗突变作用.     

马尾松松针粉袋泡茶水提物的急性毒性和致突变性研究

目的:研究马尾松松针粉袋泡茶水提物的急性毒性和致突变性。方法:采用大、小鼠急性毒性试验,Ames试验,小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验和小鼠精子畸形试验对马尾松松针粉袋泡茶水提物进行急性毒性和致突变性研究。结果:马尾松松针粉袋泡茶水提物对大、小鼠经口最大耐受量(maxinally tolerated dose,MTD)均大于240.0 g/kg;Ames试验显示,在加与不加S9时各剂量组回变菌落数与自发回变对照组比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验和精子畸形试验结果显示,各剂量组的微核率和精子畸形率与阴性对照组比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:在本次实验条件下,马尾松松针粉袋泡茶水提物经口MTD240.0 g/kg,属实际无毒级,未见致突变作用。     

Folate, vitamin B12, homocysteine status and chromosome damage rate in lymphocytes of older men

Deficient levels of folic acid and vitamin B12 are associated with elevated chromosome damage rate and high concentrations of homocysteine in the blood. We have therefore performed a study to determine the prevalence of folate deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency and hyperhomocysteinemia in 64 healthy men aged between 50 and 70 years, and evaluate the relationship of these micronutrient levels in the blood with the micronucleus frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes. We also performed a placebo-controlled, double-blind intervention study to determine whether supplementation of the diet with a daily dose of 0.7 mg (as a supplement in cereal) or 2.0 mg (in a tablet) over a period of 4 months resulted in a significant alteration of folate status, homocysteine status and the micronucleus index. Twenty-three per cent of the men were serum folate deficient (<6.8 nmol/l), 16% were red blood cell folate deficient (<317 nmol/l), 4.7% were vitamin B12 deficient (<150 pmol/l) and 37% has plasma homocysteine levels >10 micromol/l. In total, 56% of the men had one or more abnormal blood values for folate, vitamin B12 or homocysteine. The micronucleus index of these men (n = 34) in cytokinesis-blocked binucleated cells (19.2 +/- 1.1) was significantly elevated (P = 0.02) when compared to the micronucleus index of the rest of the men who had normal levels of folate, vitamin B12 and homocysteine (16.3 +/- 1.3, n = 30). Interestingly, the micronucleus index in men with normal folate and vitamin B12, but homocysteine levels >10 micromol/l (19.4 +/- 1.7, n = 15) was also significantly higher (P = 0.05) when compared to those with normal folate, vitamin B12 and homocysteine. This novel result was also supported by the observation that the micronucleus index and plasma homocysteine were significantly (P = 0.0086) and positively correlated (r2 = 0.172) in those subjects who were not deficient in folate or vitamin B12. The micronucleus index was not significantly correlated with folate indices, but there was a significant (P = 0.013) negative correlation with serum vitamin B12 (r2 = 0.099). Daily supplementation of the diet with 0.7 mg free folic acid in cereal for 2 months followed by 2.0 mg free folic acid via a tablet produced a 4- fold increase in plasma folate, a 2.6-fold increase in red blood cell folate and a 11% reduction in plasma homocysteine; however, these changes were not accompanied by a reduction in the micronucleus index. In conclusion, it is apparent that elevated homocysteine status, in the absence of vitamin deficiency and low, but not deficient, vitamin B12 status are important risk factors for increased chromosome damage in lymphocytes.      

59. Protectivc effect of melatonin on genetic damage by chemical mutagen and the influence on cell prolife-ration kenetics

Objective: In this study, we observed the effect of melatonin on the frequency of sister chromatid exchange, micronucleus formation of binuclear cell in lymphocyte from human peripheral blood in vitro, micronucleus formation of mouse bone marrow polycychromatic erythrocyte in vivo, which were induced by chemical mutagen, and lymphocyte proliferation kenetics in vitro. Methods: ① Lymphocytes were cultured in vitro in the presence of 0.01,0.10,1.00 mmol/L melatonin, mitomycin C(MMC) (positive control), 0.5% ethanol (negative control)and 0.01,0.10,1.00 mmol/L melatonin plus MMC for 72 h at 37℃±1℃. Lymphocytes were examined for the frequence of SCE, mitotic index, cell proliferation cycle, cell cycle ratio and proliferation index. ② Lymphocytes were cultured in vitro in the presence of 0.01,0.10,1.00 mmol/L melatonin, mitomycin C(MMC) (positive control), 0.5% ethanol (negative control) and 0.01,0.10,1.00 mmol/L melatonin plus MMC for 44 h at 37℃±1℃. Then each culture was given cytochalasin B, which was cultured to 72 h. Binuclear lymphocytes were examined for the micronucleus rate. ③ The mice were administered with 0.1, 1.0,10.0 mg/kg*bw melatonin and distillated water (negative control) respectively for 7 d, then were given melatonin plus cyclophosphamide (CP) (positive control) for 2 d since the eighth day. The rate of micronulclei of mouse bone marrow polycychromatic erythrocyte was examined. Results: ① The frequences of sister chromatid exchange of lymphocytes which were cultured in the presence of 0.01,0.10,1.00 mmol/L melatonin compared with negative control exhibited no statistical significance. ② The SCE of cells treated with melatonin plus MMC compared with positive control were markedly decreased. ③ The mitotic indices of lymphocytes cultured in the presence of 0.10,1.00 mmol/L melatonin were lower than negative control. The proliferation index was significant lower than negative control only in the culture exposed to 1.00 mmol/L melatonin. ④ The proliferation cycle of lymphocyte cultured in the presence of 1.00 mmol/L melatonin exhibited an increase in the percent of cells in their first division, and concomitant significant decrease in their third or later division. which were increased in their second division in cells treated with melatonin of three concentration respectively. The ratio between the first and third or later division, between the second and third or later division of lymphocytes exposed to 1.00 mmol/L melatonin were higher than negative control. ⑤ The micronucleus rates of binuclear lymphocytes treated with 0.01,0.10,1.00 mmol/L melatonin plus MMC were lower than positive control, of which the inhibitory rates of micronuclei were 14.37%, 22.17% and 31.34%, respectively. ⑥ The micronucleus rates of mouse bone marrow polycychromatic erythrocytes exposed to 0.1,1.0,10.0 mg/kg*bw melatonin plus CP were lower markedly than positive control, in which it exhibited a significant and concentration－depended decrease, of which the inhibitory rates of micronuclei were 28.89%, 47.73% and 69.96%, respectively. Conclusion: In vitro assay. It seems that melatonin has not only no genotoxic, but also anti-mutagenic effect on lymphocyte. It can inhibit the increase of frequency of SCE in lymphocyte and micronucleus rate of binuclear lymphocyte induced by MMC, and micronucleus rate of mouse bone marrow induced by CP at some concentiations. It can inhibit the lymphocyte proliferation of mitogen stimulated and has some influence on cell proliferation kenetics at higher concentrations (1.00 mmol/L).     

2，4-二氯苯氧乙酸的致突变性研究

目的： 研究2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)是否具有潜在的遗传毒性。方法：利用Ames试验、小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验、小鼠睾丸初级精母细胞染色体畸变试验对2,4-D原药的致突变性进行研究。结果：与对照组比较,2,4-D原药各剂量组对TA97、TA98、TA100和TA102菌株均无诱发回复突变菌落数增加的作用(P>0.05),对小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞的微核细胞率亦无明显影响(P>0.05),也未引起小鼠睾丸初级精母细胞染色体畸变率明显改变(P>0.05)。结论：在本实验条件下,未发现2,4-D原药的致突变性。     

葛根在减少烟焦油诱发小鼠骨髓细胞微核的研究

背景与目的： 本实验以出现微核的小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞频率为指标,检测葛根减少烟焦油毒害的作用。 材料与方法： 将小鼠分组用各受试物处理,常规法制片观察,统计学方法分析各组小鼠微核细胞率。结果： 在注射等量烟焦油的小鼠中,服用葛根组小鼠中微核细胞率明显低于对非服用组小鼠。结论： 葛根在减少香烟毒害方面有积极作用,提示中药葛根应用于香烟减毒领域有重要意义。     

四物汤抗环磷酰胺诱变作用的研究

目的： 研究四物汤抗环磷酰胺的诱变作用。方法：小鼠骨髓细胞实验中,设四物汤高、中、低剂量组[分别为9.36、4.68、2.34 mg/(kg·d)],环磷酰胺(cyclophosphamide,CP)阳性对照组和空白对照组,四物汤各组以不同浓度药液给小鼠连续灌胃7 d,阳性对照组和空白对照组灌服等量生理盐水。于第7天灌胃后,四物汤各组和阳性对照组小鼠腹腔注射CP 20 mg/kg,24 h后处死动物,取股骨骨髓细胞制备微核标本和染色体标本。人外周血淋巴细胞实验中,四物汤设高、中、低剂量[分别为3.36、1.68、0.84 g/(kg·d)],以家兔含药血清的形式加入淋巴细胞培养液中,四物汤各组和阳性对照组均在培养液中加入10-5 mg/mL 的CP,空白对照组加入等量生理盐水。培养72 h后收获细胞,制备微核标本和染色体标本。在光镜下观察、计数含微核及染色体畸变的细胞数,计算微核率及染色体畸变率。结果：四物汤3个剂量组在上述测试系统中,与阳性对照组比较,微核率及染色体畸变率均明显降低,差异有统计学意义 (P＜0.01);与空白对照组比较,微核率及染色体畸变率差异均无统计学意义 (P＞0.05)。结论：在本实验条件下,四物汤有明显的抗环磷酰胺诱变的作用。     

香菇多糖胶囊抗突变作用的实验研究

目的与方法：本文采用Ａｍｅｓ试验及活体小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验方法,对香菇交囊进行抗突变试验,结果：香菇多糖胶囊各剂量级天加与不加Ｓ９的条件下,均能抑制由２－氨基芴等阳笥物引起的ＴＡ９８、ＴＡ１００同变菌落数的增加;抑制由环磷酰胺引 小鼠微核率的增加,抑制率在４５．３２％￣６４．７２％。结论：香菇多糖胶囊具有一定的抗突变作用。     

氯硝西潘的致突变性研究

本文采用小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验,小鼠染色体畸变试验及小鼠精子畸形试验,研究了抗癫痫药物氯硝西潘的致突变性,通过对三种不同剂量的试验,发现试验组与阴性对照组均胆非常显著差异（Ｐ〈０．０１）,结果表明氯硝西潘有明显的致突变作用。     

肝癌高发区不同水体对健康人微核率的影响

应用微核检测技术，研究不同类型饮用水诱发健康人外周血淋巴细胞的微核效应，结果表明：①不同饮用水的细胞毒作用依次为宅沟水＞泯沟水＞自来水＞重蒸水，其微核诱变效应为泯沟水＞自来水＞重蒸水。②不同饮用水诱发的微核率与饮用相应类型水的居民的肝癌发病率呈平行关系。进一步证实了肝癌高发区饮用水与原发性肝癌的发生密切相关。提示饮用深井水、改进饮水质量是一项行之有效的干预性措施；如能长期坚持，对预防肝癌有着积极的意义。     

牛黄解毒片的遗传毒性研究

背景与目的：评价牛黄解毒片是否具有遗传毒性作用。材料与方法：采用Ames试验、小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验和小鼠精子畸形试验对牛黄解毒片进行遗传毒性检测。结果：Ames试验各剂量组回变菌落数均未超过溶剂对照组的2倍,3个剂量组的微核率和精子畸形率与溶剂对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：在本试验条件下,牛黄解毒片未见遗传毒性作用。     

Relationship between radiation induced dicentric chromosome aberrations and micronucleus formation in human lymphocytes

Chromosome damage measured by the chromosome aberration technique is a reliable method to assess the radiation dose absorbed by cells. However, this technique has some disadvantages. Scoring is difficult and requires skill and experience which of these lead low number of cell counts. The micronucleus (MN) technique which also measures chromosome losses has easy scoring criteria leading high numbers of cell counts and therefore holds more statistical power. In this study, the relationship between the results of the micronucleus technique and those obtained by the chromosome aberration technique was investigated after radiation doses of 1Gy, 2Gy, 3Gy and 4Gy to peripheral blood lymphocytes of 3 healthy individuals. Increases in the chromosome damage after radiation were observed in both techniques. When the dicentric aberration frequencies that were measured in the chromosome aberration technique and the micronucleus frequencies were compared, no difference (p > 0.05) between these two independent measures of radiation damage was reported. The relationship between the micronuclei and the free acentric chromosome aberrations measured in the chromosome aberration technique was not significant as well as that between the dicentrics and micronuclei. On the basis of the relationship between the dicentric aberrations and the micronucleus frequencies, the micronucleus technique with an easy and short-term application and with an easy scoring can be used as an alternative to the chromosome aberration technique.