玻璃体切除术治疗糖尿病性视网膜病变玻璃体积血

目的：探讨玻璃体切除术治疗糖尿病性视网膜病变后单纯性玻璃体积血的临床疗效。方法：回顾性分析1998年8月－2000年10月我院采用玻璃体切除方法治疗糖尿病性视网膜病变单纯玻璃体积血患者40例（40眼），观察其临床疗效及术后并发症，随访期术后3－12月。结果：所有患者均顺利完成玻璃体积血切割术，术后3月视力≥0.6者10眼，视力0．1－0．6者20眼，视力数指－0．1者5眼，3眼术后发生视网膜脱离视力下降，2眼术后发生新生血管性青光眼，后行睫状体冷凝术视力丧失。结论：玻璃体切除术对于糖尿病性增生性视网膜病变所致的玻璃体积血性药物治疗长期不吸收的患者是安全有效的治疗方法，术后并发症少，手术效果好。     

全玻璃体切割治疗玻璃体积血疗效分析

目的 探索全玻璃体切割在玻璃体积血中的应用.方法 回顾51只眼手术病例,视网膜静脉阻塞23只眼,糖尿病视网膜病变9只眼,视网膜静脉周围炎2只眼,视网膜孔源性玻璃体积2只眼.眼外伤性玻璃体积血15只眼.采用睫状体平坦部三通闭合式全玻璃体切割术,并通过巩膜压陷结合高斜镜切割基底部玻璃体.结果 术后随诊5～12月,51只眼视力均有不同程度提高,其中视力在4.5者19只眼、4.6～5.0者9只眼4.0～4.4者19只眼、指数4只眼.结论 对玻璃体积血患者掌握好适应证及手术时机,行全玻璃体切割切实有效的减少玻璃体积血残留所致的并发症提高手术效果.     

糖尿病性玻璃体积血与其他非创伤性玻璃体积血的手术对比研究

为对比糖尿病性玻璃体积血与其他非创伤性玻璃体积血的玻璃体手术疗效及手术并发症，为广泛开展糖尿病玻璃体手术提供依据。对行玻璃体手术治疗非创伤性玻璃体积血１０７例１２５眼（糖尿病性玻璃体积血２２例３２眼，老年性黄斑变性２１例２１眼，视网膜中央静脉阻塞２１例２１眼，视网膜静脉周围炎１９例２６眼，其他２５例２５眼），对其手术构成比，解剖、功能成功率，视力，手术并发症及术后反应程度等进行统计分析。结果：糖尿病、Ｅａｌｅｓ＇病、ＡＭＤ、静脉阻塞等是玻璃体手术治疗非创伤性玻璃体积血的主要指征，占手术的８０％。糖尿病性玻璃体积血手术解剖成功率低于７０％，功能成功率低于５０％，均较Ｅａｌｅｓ＇病、ＡＭＤ、静脉阻塞组低，其术后反应比Ｅａｌｅｓ＇病、ＡＭＤ、静脉阻塞组重。结论：糖尿病性玻璃体积血玻璃体手术难度大，解剖及功能成功率低，术后反应重且有特点，应该提倡糖尿病早期的玻璃体手术     

玻璃体切除术治疗玻璃体积血临床效果分析

目的探讨玻璃体切除术治疗玻璃体积血的临床疗效。方法采用玻璃体切除术治疗的玻璃体积血58例（58眼）。分析玻璃体积血的病因，并观察玻璃体切除术后视力变化和并发症。结果本组主要病因为视网膜静脉阻塞和视网膜静脉周围炎；视力在0．01～0．05者术前为6眼（10．35％），术后1周为35眼（60．35％），随访2～4月的50例中为33眼（66．00％）。术中并发症有医源性裂孔和眼内出血；术后并发症有玻璃体再次积血，视网膜脱离，晶状体浑浊等。结论对药物治疗不能吸收的玻璃体积血施行玻璃体切除术后视力可显著提高，术中术后并发症少。     

伴有玻璃体积血的糖尿病性视网膜病变的手术治疗

目的探讨伴有玻璃体积血的糖尿病性视网膜病变的手术治疗及其预后。方法 41例(47只眼) 伴有玻璃体积血的糖尿病性视网膜病变,均行闭合式玻璃体切割及视网膜光凝,术中根据情况行剥膜、切膜、过氟萘烷液体复位、电凝、巩膜外冷凝、填压、环扎及硅油填充。术后观察视力、眼压、眼底,并随访12～24月。结果 42只眼术后视力提高,3只眼视力不变,2只眼视力下降,47只眼眼压均低于3．192kPa,视网膜平复。术中主要并发症为出血和医源性裂孔。随访中17只眼硅油填充于6-12月行硅油取出,2只眼发生白内障行白内障超声乳化吸除,1只眼新生血管性青光眼行眼球摘除。结论玻璃体视网膜手术是治疗伴有玻璃体积血的糖尿病性视网膜病变的有效方式。掌握恰当的手术时机对预后至关重要。     

儿童非外伤性玻璃体积血的临床分析

目的分析儿童非外伤性玻璃体积血的病因特点,研究玻璃体切割手术对玻璃体积血的疗效。方法对我院眼科2000～2003年住院有随访记录的16例17眼儿童非外伤性玻璃体积血的病因构成、手术方法、功能恢复情况进行回顾性分析。结果儿童非外伤性玻璃体积血的病因构成:Coat病4眼,先天性视网膜劈裂5眼,视网膜血管炎3眼,葡萄膜炎3眼。术后视力提高14眼,下降1眼,不变2眼;其中术前0.05以上者仅2眼(11.8%),术后13眼(76.5%),术前与术后视力差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论Coats病、先天性视网膜劈裂、视网膜血管炎以及葡萄膜炎为儿童非外伤性玻璃体积血的主要病因。玻璃体切割术是治疗儿童非外伤性玻璃体积血的有效方法。     

玻璃体视网膜手术临床初探

目的探讨玻璃体视网膜手术治疗复杂性视网膜疾病的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2003年3月至2007年1月在我院行玻璃体视网膜手术的复杂性视网膜疾病患者40例41眼,其中复杂性视网膜脱离18例,玻璃体积血4例,糖尿病性视网膜病变5例6眼,眼外伤10例,白内障术后驱逐性脉络膜出血1例,眼内容炎2例。结果29眼(70.7%)的视力得到改善,12眼(29.26%)视力无明显改变或视力较术前降低。术后矫正视力>0.5者3眼,视力0.1～0.5者5眼,视力眼前数指～0.1者26眼,视力眼前手动或光感者6眼,1眼无光感。结论玻璃体视网膜手术治疗复杂视网膜疾病能够复位视网膜,恢复视力,是一种效的治疗方法。     

玻璃体切割术治疗玻璃体积血的疗效观察

目的观察玻璃体切割术治疗玻璃体积血的疗效。方法分析我院自2004年以来收治的玻璃体积血患者25例（25眼），其中视网膜静脉阻塞（RVO）10例（10眼），糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）8例（8眼），眼外伤5例（5眼），孔源性视网膜脱离（RD）2例（2眼），全部患者均经睫状体平坦部行闭合式巩膜三通道玻璃体切割术，其中20眼联合行视网膜光凝术，3眼联合硅油填充术，5眼行C3F8注气术，5眼联合巩膜外环扎术。结果术后随访6个月以上，25例患者仅1例视力无提高，其余24例术后视力均较术前提高，其中1例DR患者术后发生孔源性视网膜脱离二次玻切术网膜复位。2例DR患者发生视网膜再次出血，予药物治疗，出血渐吸收。结论玻璃体切割术治疗玻璃体积血疗效明显。     

玻璃体切除术治疗牵拉性视网膜脱离34例

目的：探讨玻璃体切除术治疗牵拉性视网膜脱离的方法和疗效.方法：各种病因导致的牵拉性视网膜脱离34例36眼,行玻璃体切除术治疗,术后观察视力、视网膜复位情况及手术并发症等,随访3-6（平均3.8）mo.结果：术后视网膜复位,视力有不同程度的提高者32眼（89%）;术后3mo内视网膜再脱离4眼,其中2眼经再次手术后复位,2眼眼球萎缩未再手术.手术并发症主要有术中牵拉性裂孔、术中及术后玻璃体积血、术后高眼压、视网膜再脱离等.结论：玻璃体切除术是治疗牵拉性视网膜脱离的有效方法,尤其对于存在广泛固定牵拉、视网膜大范围脱离、玻璃体积血、合并严重的增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变的患者是唯一有效的手术方法.     

玻璃体切割治疗玻璃体积血的临床疗效观察

目的:探讨玻璃体切割治疗玻璃体积血的临床疗效。方法:对72例75眼玻璃体积血患者采用玻璃体切割手术治疗,术中根据具体病情联合单纯白内障摘除或白内障摘除联合人工晶状体植入术、眼内异物取出、膜剥离、水下透热、眼内光凝或/和巩膜外冷凝及眼内注气或硅油充填。结果:选取75眼中外伤性玻璃体积血(穿孔性眼外伤19眼,眼球钝挫伤8眼)27眼,视网膜静脉阻塞15眼,增殖期糖尿病视网膜病变12眼,Eales病9眼,视网膜裂孔合并玻璃体积血9眼,年龄相关性黄斑病变3眼。术后随访6～48(平均18±5.6)mo,75眼中72眼视力有不同程度的提高,>0.05者65眼(87%),>0.2者54眼(72%),>0.5者23眼(31%),术后视力没有提高3眼(4%),术后视力与术前相比差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:严重的眼外伤合并玻璃体积血、大量玻璃体积血药物治疗不吸收,反复发生的玻璃体积血和B超检查发现视网膜脱离者应及时行玻璃体切割术以改善和保护视功能。     

视网膜裂孔伴玻璃体积血的临床分析

目的探讨急性玻璃体后脱离致视网膜裂孔伴玻璃体积血的治疗方式及疗效。方法回顾性分析31眼视网膜裂孔合并玻璃体积血,早期予双眼包扎、半卧位、止血,出血3d后予活血化瘀、促进玻璃体积血吸收治疗。根据病情变化采用激光封闭裂孔及行20G三通道闭合式玻璃体切除术治疗。所有病例至少随访12个月。结果23眼玻璃体积血在1周～3个月,平均（32．95±12．61）d吸收,采用视网膜激光治疗,裂孔完全封闭,视力无明显变化。4周内,3眼发生孔源性视网膜脱离,行玻璃体切除术治疗,术后1眼矫正视力提高,2眼矫正视力无明显提高。5眼玻璃体积血无明显吸收,2～4周内采用玻璃体切除术,术后视力明显提高,矫正视力0．3—0．6。结论急性玻璃体后脱离引起的视网膜裂孔伴玻璃体积血应引起高度重视。早期诊断并发现裂孔、及时光凝封闭裂孔是获得良好结果的关键。尽早手术是争取较好疗效的重要保障。     

One hundred consecutive cases of pars plana vitrectomy with the vitreous stripper

The results of 100 consecutive cases of pars plana vitrectomy are reported. Vitrectomy was performed on accunt of complications of diabetic retinopathy (37 eyes), complicated retinal detachment (28 eyes), vitreous haemorrhage of various causes (17 eyes), vitreous haemorrhage and complications secondary to injuries (13 eyes) and secondary cataract or vitreous in the anterior chamber creating corneal dystrophy (5 eyes). With an average follow-up time of 14.2 months, vitrectomy resulted in visual improvement in 55 eyes, unchanged visual acuity in 24 eyes and reduced visual acuity in 21 eyes. The operative and postoperative complications were: secondary vitreous haemorrhage (11 eyes), retinal detachment (8 eyes), haemorrhagic glaucoma (7 eyes), retinal tears (5 eyes), lens injury (4 eyes), corneal dystrophy (2 eyes) and endophthalmitis (1 eye).     

Early vitrectomy for progressive diabetic proliferations covering the macula.

The clinical course in 50 eyes was analysed after pars plana vitrectomy for progressive diabetic fibrovascular proliferations. Patients were assigned to pars plana vitrectomy if progression of proliferations occurred despite a photocoagulation treatment with a mean number of 3500 burns and additional peripheral cryoablation. All cases had visual impairment because of fibrovascular tissue covering the macula without detachment of the macula. Flat proliferations were present in all eyes without retinal elevation, vitreous detachment, or vitreous haemorrhage. The follow up intervals ranged from 13 months to 39 months (mean interval 24 months). Twelve months postoperatively, 36 eyes (72%) showed improved visual acuity, five eyes (10%) were worse, and nine eyes (18%) were unchanged. Thirty two eyes (64%) achieved a final visual acuity of 0.2 or better, and 45 eyes (90%) gained 0.05 or better. In only two eyes could reproliferation be observed. The postoperative course indicates that pars plana vitrectomy for diabetic fibrovascular proliferations covering the macula can preserve socially useful visual acuity of at least 0.05 in most cases.     

Pars plana vitrectomy for vitreous hemorrhage and retinal vein occlusion

We studied 16 cases of retinal vein occlusion and vitreous hemorrhage treated by pars plana vitrectomy. The visual acuity in all nine eyes suffering from branch vein occlusion was improved postoperatively, reaching an acuity of 6/6 to 6/12 in 33% of the patients. In the seven eyes suffering from central vein occlusion, however, the postoperative visual acuity results were poor. The incidence of postoperative complications was higher also in the central vein occlusion group.     

严重PDR玻璃体切割术后雷珠单抗注射的效果观察

目的：对严重增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变的患者行玻璃体切割术后行雷珠单抗注射的效果观察。方法：回归性分析。12例严重增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变患者(12眼)接受睫状体平坦部玻璃体切割术,同时给予硅油、惰性气体或者平衡液的玻璃体腔填充。在手术结束的同时给予雷珠单抗的玻璃体腔注射。结果：随访时间平均为2.75 mo。这12眼中分别包括玻璃体积血(1眼);玻璃体积血伴纤维血管化增生(1眼);玻璃体积血伴牵拉性视网膜脱离(3眼);纤维血管化增生伴牵拉性视网膜脱离(2眼);玻璃体积血伴新生血管性青光眼伴牵拉性视网膜脱离(1眼);玻璃体积血伴纤维血管化增生伴牵拉性视网膜脱离(2眼);玻璃体积血伴纤维血管化增生伴新生血管性青光眼伴牵拉性视网膜脱离(1眼);玻璃体积血伴牵拉性孔源性视网膜脱离(1眼)。12眼中,8眼行玻璃体腔硅油填充,2眼行惰性气体填充,2眼行平衡液填充。所有的患者之前均未接受任何治疗。视网膜脱离复位率为10/10(100%)。1眼术后出现前房积血。9眼术后最佳矫正视力较术前提高,2眼无明显变化,1眼较术前下降。 OCT检查显示8眼术后未见黄斑水肿。结论：玻璃体切割术后雷珠单抗注射对严重增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变患者有明显的治疗效果：手术成功率明显提高;患者视力显著提高;糖尿病黄斑水肿的发生概率减少;术中及术后并发症的发生率降低。     

Combined surgery, phacoemulsification, implantation of intraocular lens and pars plana vitrectomy

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness, technical feasibility and incidence of complications after combining pars plana vitrectomy, phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The results of combined vitreoretinal and cataract surgery in 100 eyes of 96 patients were retrospectively and prospectively analyzed. The mean follow-up period was 8.4 months. All patients had clinically significant lens opacities and vitreoretinal pathology requiring pars plana vitrectomy. Indications for vitreoretinal surgery included: persistent vitreous haemorrhage (28 eyes), vitreous hemorrhage combined with tractional retinal detachment (50 eyes), tractional retinal detachment without vitreous haemorrhage caused by proliferative diabetic retinopathy (7 eyes), rheumatogenous retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (10 eyes) and dislocated crystalline lens in the vitreous (5 eyes). RESULTS: Postoperatively, best corrected visual acuity improved in 81 eyes (81%)- by two lines or more in 31 eyes (31%) - by less than two lines in 50 eyes (50%). In 14 eyes (14%) visual acuity was unchanged and was worse in 5 cases (5%). Postoperative complications included fibrin reaction, posterior synechias of the iris, vitreous hemorrhage, neovascular glaucoma, posterior capsule opacification, redetachment of retina. CONCLUSIONS: Our cases confirm previous study, that performing phacoemulsification, IOL implantation and vitrectomy in one operation is safe and allows visual recovery with good technical results.     

Vitrectomy in 125 eyes with diabetic vitreous haemorrhage.

A total of 125 consecutive eyes, all registered blind with diabetic vitreous haemorrhage, underwent pars plana vitrectomy with the vitrophage. Sixty-six per cent experienced some improvement in their visual acuity; 24 per cent were unchanged and 10 per cent were worse postoperatively. The major surgical complication was controllable haemorrhage (23 per cent). No retinal dialysis occurred. Significant postoperative complications were transient (71 per cent) and persistent (11 per cent) corneal oedema, early (8 per cent) and late (13 per cent) vitreous haemorrhage, transient (30 per cent) and persistent (6 per cent) rise in intraocular pressure, and rubeosis iridis (5 per cent).     

Pars plana vitrectomy for cystoid macular edema secondary to sarcoid uveitis

OBJECTIVE: To examine the results of pars plana vitrectomy for cystoid macular edema secondary to sarcoid uveitis resistant to medical treatment. DESIGN: Retrospective, interventional, noncomparative case series. SUBJECTS: Fourteen consecutive subjects (18 eyes) with cystoid macular edema associated with sarcoid uveitis resistant to medical treatment. INTERVENTION: All eyes underwent pars plana vitrectomy. Nine eyes also underwent peeling of the epiretinal membrane or removal of the posterior vitreous cortex. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Status of macular edema, visual acuity, and complications. RESULTS: Ten eyes (56%) improved 2 or more lines of Snellen visual acuity within 12 months. Six eyes (33%) remained unchanged, within a line of preoperative Snellen visual acuity, and two eyes (11%) worsened by 2 or more lines of Snellen visual acuity. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy showed that cystoid macular edema had resolved in 14 eyes (78%) within 9 months postoperatively. One eye (6%) had minimal edema, whereas three eyes (17%) remained unchanged biomicroscopically at the final visit. Postoperative complications included cataract formation, glaucoma, optic nerve atrophy, epiretinal membrane formation, and tractional retinal detachment. No severe postoperative inflammation was noted. CONCLUSIONS: Pars plana vitrectomy seems to have a beneficial effect on cystoid macular edema caused by sarcoidosis resistant to medical treatment.     

Pars plana vitrectomy for vitreous opacity associated with ocular sarcoidosis resistant to medical treatment

objective: To examine the results of pars plana vitrectomy for nonclearing vitreous opacities associated with ocular sarcoidosis that is resistant to corticosteroid treatment. Methods: Eight consecutive patients (11 eyes) with vitreous opacities and uveitis associated with sarcoidosis were studied. All patients were resistant to or intolerant of corticosteroid therapy. All eyes underwent pars plana vitrectomy, followed by evaluation of visual acuity and recording of the grade of inflammation and complications. Results: Seven eyes had gained two or more lines of Snellen visual acuity six months postoperatively; visual acuity remained unchanged in the other four eyes. Vitreous inflammation was reduced in all cases. Severe postoperative inflammation did not recur in any eyes. Five eyes developed visually significant cataracts and underwent cataract extraction and intraocular lens insertion within 8–30 months. Based on slit-lamp biomicroscopy and fluorescein angiography, preoperative cystoid macular edema in five eyes resolved or improved within six months after vitrectomy. Postoperative complications included elevated intraocular pressure in three eyes, cataract formation in six eyes, epiretinal membrane formation in one eye, and choroidal neovascularization in one eye. None of the patients developed cystoid macular edema postoperatively. Only three patients received systemic corticosteroids after surgery. At the final visit, only one patient required systemic corticosteroid therapy. Conclusions: Pars plana vitrectomy appears to have beneficial effects on restoring vision, stabilizing vitreous inflammation, and reducing systemic corticosteroid requirements in eyes with thick vitreous opacities associated with sarcoidosis that is resistant to medical treatment.     

Pars plana vitrectomy for vitreous opacity associated with ocular sarcoidosis resistant to medical treatment

OBJECTIVE: To examine the results of pars plana vitrectomy for nonclearing vitreous opacities associated with ocular sarcoidosis that is resistant to corticosteroid treatment. METHODS: Eight consecutive patients (11 eyes) with vitreous opacities and uveitis associated with sarcoidosis were studied. All patients were resistant to or intolerant of corticosteroid therapy. All eyes underwent pars plana vitrectomy, followed by evaluation of visual acuity and recording of the grade of inflammation and complications. RESULTS: Seven eyes had gained two or more lines of Snellen visual acuity six months postoperatively; visual acuity remained unchanged in the other four eyes. Vitreous inflammation was reduced in all cases. Severe postoperative inflammation did not recur in any eyes. Five eyes developed visually significant cataracts and underwent cataract extraction and intraocular lens insertion within 8-30 months. Based on slit-lamp biomicroscopy and fluorescein angiography, preoperative cystoid macular edema in five eyes resolved or improved within six months after vitrectomy. Postoperative complications included elevated intraocular pressure in three eyes, cataract formation in six eyes, epiretinal membrane formation in one eye, and choroidal neovascularization in one eye. None of the patients developed cystoid macular edema postoperatively. Only three patients received systemic corticosteroids after surgery. At the final visit, only one patient required systemic corticosteroid therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Pars plana vitrectomy appears to have beneficial effects on restoring vision, stabilizing vitreous inflammation, and reducing systemic corticosteroid requirements in eyes with thick vitreous opacities associated with sarcoidosis that is resistant to medical treatment.