90例复杂寰枕部畸形的手术治疗

我院神经外科和骨科从1997年1月至2005年4月，共收治寰枕畸形的患者500余例，其中复杂寰枕畸形90例。根据不同临床表现和影像学检查采取不同的手术方式进行治疗，取得了较好疗效，现总结报告如下。     

脊髓型颈椎病手术治疗后疗效观察

目的：脊髓型颈椎病手术治疗后１￣１２年随访检查者１１２例,观察其疗效。方法：收集我院１９８６￣１９９８年间住院采用了颈前路手术摘除颈椎间盘加自体髂骨融合术治疗１４８例患者,经发函,通知来院复查者计１１２例,对此进行统计分析。结果：疗效达优良者为６１＾（６８例／１１２例）,总有效率９３％（１０４例／１１２例）。结论：提示该治疗方法有可行性。     

先天性复杂寰枕畸形的诊断和显微外科治疗

目的探讨各种类型先天性复杂寰枕畸形的临床和放射学特征、诊断及显微外科治疗方法与疗效。方法对我科1996年1月至2006年12月收治的612例先天性复杂寰枕畸形患者进行了回顾性分析,其中显微手术586例,基本术式分3类,即:枕后正中入路行枕下减压、小脑扁桃切除及枕大池扩大重建术;枕下后外侧入路行齿状突切除术;枕颈内固定与植骨融合术。术后随访5个月至11年。结果586例患者,术后症状消失和改善443例(有效率75.6%),1个月内有12例患者死亡(死亡率2.0%)。远期获随访503例,平均随访时间52.4个月,总有效率83.1%,症状恶化25例,其中5例再次手术治愈。结论对于大多数寰枕畸形来说显微外科手术是唯一有效的治疗方法。提高疗效的关键是依据患者的临床表现及放射学特征进行准确的诊断,并选择不同的手术方法进行治疗。     

枕骨大孔减压联合枕颈融合术治疗寰枕畸形的临床疗效

目的 探讨枕骨大孔减压联合枕颈融合术治疗寰枕畸形的临床疗效.方法 选择我院2011-03-2013-06收治的80例寰枕畸形患者作为研究对象,其中观察组40例采用枕骨大孔减压联合枕颈融合术,对照组40例采用单纯的枕骨大孔减压术进行治疗,比较2组患者的总有效率、平均住院时间、携带颈托的时间以及术后半年内的复发率.结果 手术后观察组患者的总有效率为92.5%,明显高于对照组患者,且组间差异具有统计学意义（χ2=4.50,P＜0.05）,观察组的平均住院时间、携带颈托时间分别为（9.5±2.1）d、（66.2±13.1） d,均明显短于对照组,组间差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,且术后半年的随访结果 显示,观察组复发率2.5%,明显低于对照组,组间差异具有统计学意义（χ2=3.91,P＜0.05）.结论 枕骨大孔减压联合枕颈融合术治疗寰枕畸形可有效改善患者的临床疗效,大大提高了患者的生活质量,值得临床应用.     

颈前入路手术治疗脊髓型颈椎病疗效分析

目的 探讨脊髓型颈椎病（CSM）早期诊断、手术指征、手术技巧等对颈前人路手术效果的影响。方法 对75例CSM病人行颈前人路手术脊髓减压及椎间植骨融合术，所有病人都经静态及动态Hoffmann征或（和）Lhermitte征检查。结果 所有病人都经随访，手术优良率87．7％，其中静态Hoffmann征阳性者手术优良率为81．1％，早期仅为动态Hoffmann征或（和）Lhermitte征阳性者手术优良率为93．1％。结论 早期诊断、早期前路手术治疗CSM，特别是在仅为动态Hoffmann征或（和）Lhermitte征阳性时，彻底去除致压物能显著提高手术效果。     

颅后窝减压并枕-颈融合对寰枕畸形的疗效分析

寰枕畸形指的是由于外界的各种因素所导致的枕骨底部、寰椎以及枢椎及其周围的软组织出现发育及结构功能的异常[1]。寰枕畸形的主要类型有小脑扁桃体下疝、颅底扁平、寰枢椎脱位等。这是临床上的一种常见疾病,各个年龄段的患者均会发病,其也没有十分特异性的临床症状,若没有引起足够的重视,则很容易造成此病的误诊。本研究选取我院2008年3月至2013年5月间收治的30例寰枕畸形患者作为研究对象,进行分组研究不同手术方式的效果,现报道如下。     

Chiari畸形术后寰枕交界区稳定性的临床观察

目的 观察Chiari畸形术后寰枕交界区的稳定性。方法 2006~2010年对11例Chiari畸形进行小骨窗寰枕部减压术,术后对寰枕交界区稳定性进行6~10年的随诊观察。结果 11例中,10例（90.91%）寰枕交界区稳定;原有症状均有不同程度的改善,感觉障碍程度减轻,肢体活动有所增强,半年以后,均能从事正常的生产、生活。外伤性寰枢椎脱位齿状突后突合并扁桃体下疝的1例,1年后跌倒再受伤,症状加重,复查MRI见延髓脊髓交界区前方和后方压迫严重,矢状位上测量脑干-颈髓角为115°。术前合并有脊髓空洞症的7例中,术后6例明显缩小;合并脑积水的2例术后积水明显减轻。结论 ①单纯小脑扁桃体下疝畸形行小骨窗后颅窝骨性减压+寰枕筋膜松解术,没有行内固定,术后长期随访,寰枕交界区稳定。②小脑扁桃体下疝合并寰枢椎脱位行小骨窗后颅窝骨性减压+寰枕筋膜松解术,术后长期随访,寰枕交界区并不稳定,需要内固定。     

脊髓型颈椎病再手术的18例分析

脊髓型颈椎病再手术的１８例分析黄红云刘宗惠冯涛于新杜吉祥外科手术治疗脊髓型或脊髓神经根混合型颈椎病已取得较好的临床效果，但部分疗效欠佳者仍需再次手术。作者治疗了１８例患者，现总结如下。材料与方法一般资料：男１２例，女６例。年龄３８～７７岁，平均５６岁...     

寰枕融合畸形患者寰枢侧块关节形态变化与寰枢椎脱位的三维特征

目的 分析寰枕融合畸形伴寰枢椎脱位时侧块关节的形态学变化与脱位的三维特征. 方法 寰枕融合畸形伴寰枢椎脱位患者36例行螺旋CT扫描后.数据以DICOM格式传送至三维可视化工作站.重建颅颈交界区三维模型,按照骨性畸形、寰齿关节、侧块关节的次序观察骨性畸形及寰枢椎脱位的三维特征. 结果 寰枢侧块关节呈关节滑脱者57侧(79%)、关节整体变形前倾者61侧(85%)和关节面分离者11侧(15%).对照两侧对称或不对称侧块关节的形态变化与脱位时寰椎与枢椎的三维位置关系,本组寰枢椎脱位的三维分型可归纳为三种:对称N(14/36例,39%),为两侧寰枢椎侧块关节呈大致对称的关节滑脱和关节整体变形前倾;旋转型(13/36例,36%),为两侧寰枢侧块关节呈显著不对称的关节滑脱和关节整体变形前倾;分离型(9/36例,25%),为至少一侧侧块关节出现关节面的完全分离. 结论 寰枕融合畸形时先天性的关节发育异常、继发的关节变形以及韧带的疲劳拉伸等多种因素及其相互作用是寰枢椎脱位发生的根本原冈.采用三维可视化方法直观地观察和分析寰枢椎脱位及寰枢侧块关节形态,对于手术决策和内固定方案选择等具有重要价值.     

显微外科治疗脊髓型颈椎病的临床研究

目的评价脊髓型颈椎病前入路显微手术减压及内固定的疗效。方法对38例脊髓型颈椎病患者采用经颈前入路显微手术减压,12例取自体髂骨、26例用钛质网笼行植骨及钢板内固定。根据日本骨科协会(JOA)评分对神经功能恢复进行评价,并观察植骨融合率、融合节段椎间高度、颈椎生理曲度维持以及内植入物情况。结果随访32例,随访时间3~24个月,平均18个月,JOA评分由术前平均10.1分提高到术后平均14.8分,平均改善率为86%。32例单节段和两节段病变者以及6例三节段病变者术后3个月内形成骨性融合,融合率为100%;全部病例术后椎间高度和生理曲度维持满意;全部植入物无脱落或移位。结论采用显微手术方式,术野照明良好,经显微镜放大后解剖层次清晰,能准确识别各种病理损害,不但能使脊髓减压彻底而且能增加手术的安全性。     

Significance of increased signal intensity on MRI in prognosis after surgical intervention for cervical spondylotic myelopathy

We aimed to examine whether increased signal intensity (ISI) on T2-weighted MRI can be used to predict the surgical outcome of patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). ISI on T2-weighted MRI are frequently observed but the relevance of this finding remains controversial in patients with CSM. Between September 2007 and February 2009, 52 patients with CSM who underwent surgery were studied prospectively. Preoperative and postoperative functional status was evaluated using the modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scoring system, and the recovery rate was calculated using the Hirabayashi method. An MRI was performed on all patients. For those with ISI on T2-weighted MRI, the ratio of the signal intensity on T2-weighted to T1-weighted MRI (T2:T1 ratio) at the same spinal cord level and of similar area was calculated. Although the clinical outcome of all patients had improved at final follow-up, there was a significant difference between patients with ISI and those without ISI in age, duration of symptoms, preoperative and postoperative JOA scores, and recovery rate. The preoperative and postoperative JOA scores and the recovery rate differed significantly (p < 0.05) between the three groups: patients without a T2-weighted ISI, and those with different levels of a T2:T1 ratio. Patients with an ISI usually had a low preoperative JOA score and experienced less improvement in neurologic function after surgery. The T2:T1 ratio can be used to help predict surgical outcomes.     

Reversible pseudoathetosis and sensory ataxic gait caused by cervical spondylotic myelopathy

Proprioceptive deafferentation of spinal cord origin can cause pseudoathetosis, sensory ataxic gait, or both. The co-existence of pseudoathetosis and sensory ataxic gait caused by a surgically treatable condition of the spinal cord has been rarely reported. An 80-year-old man with cervical spondylotic myelopathy presented with severe sensory ataxic gait which confined him to a wheelchair. He also had poor control of his hands due to the pseudoathetoid movements of the fingers, which prevented him from sustaining constant muscle contraction. He underwent C3-4 and C4-5 anterior discectomies and anterior fusion. His neurological deficits gradually improved after the decompressive surgery. About 7 months postoperatively, he was totally independent in activities of daily living and needed no mobility aid. This case highlights the clinical importance of recognizing a surgically treatable and reversible condition of the spinal cord that causes pseudoathetosis and sensory ataxic gait.     

Spinal cord tau pathology in cervical spondylotic myelopathy

We conducted an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural examination of the spinal cords from 11 cases of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM), together with those from 11 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Immunostaining with AT8 antibody revealed various numbers of tau-positive neuropil thread-like structures (NTSs), often demonstrating a conspicuous astrocytic foot-like perivascular or subpial arrangement, and glial cells with short and thick processes, so-called thorn-shaped astrocytes (TSAs), in the affected cervical cords in 8 of the 11 CSM cases (73%). A number of tau-positive neuronal cytoplasmic pretangles/tangles were also found in the gray matter in all the CSM cases (100%). No such astrocytic or neuronal tau lesions were found in the control subjects. The tau deposited in the NTSs and TSAs was predominantly 4-repeat tau, whereas the neuronal cytoplasmic pretangles/tangles contained both 3-repeat and 4-repeat tau. Ultrastructurally, paired helical filaments about 20 nm wide, together with glial filaments, were detected occasionally in the astrocytic processes. In conclusion, the present findings indicate that astrocytic and neuronal tau lesions appear in the affected cervical cord during the disease process of CSM.     

Tract pain because of cervical spondylotic myelopathy: A case series

Spinal cord compression may lead to pain that is sometimes directed to areas far below the compression level. In certain cases, it may present as sciatica pain, knee pain or low back pain (LBP). These types of pain are called tract pain or funicular pain. Tract pain because of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) may lead to delays in the diagnosis and treatment of CSM in some cases, and sometimes unnecessary medical and surgical treatments. This study evaluated the results of four patients who presented to the outpatient clinic with complaints of LBP accompanying CSM findings. This study aims to present the improvement in low back pain as a result of anterior cervical microdiscectomy and cage procedure in four patients who presented with tract pain because of CSM, which is a rare condition.     

Predictive factors for spondylotic cervical myelopathy treated conservatively or surgically

A prospective 3-year randomized study comparing conservative and surgical treatment of spondylotic cervical myelopathy to establish predictive factors for outcome after conservative treatment and surgery. The clinical, electrophysiological and imaging parameters were examined to reveal how they characterized the clinical outcome. The patients with a good outcome in the conservatively treated group were of older age before treatment, had normal central motor conduction time (CMCT), and possessed a larger transverse area of the spinal cord. The patients with a good outcome in the surgically treated group had a more serious clinical picture (expressed in mJOA score and slower walk). Patients should rather be treated conservatively if they have a spinal transverse area larger than 70 mm2, are of older age and have normal CMCT. Surgery is more suitable for patients with clinically worse status and a lesser transverse area of spinal cord.     

脊髓型颈椎病病人经颅磁电刺激运动诱发电位的对比研究

目的探讨磁电刺激运动诱发电位（ＭＥＰ）在脊髓型颈椎病（ＣＳＭ）的应用价值，并对其临床相关性进行分析。方法采用经颅磁、电刺激对３０例脊髓型颈椎病病人以及年龄性别等相配匹的３０名健康成人分别于外展小指肌、肱二头肌及下肢展短肌表面进行ＭＥＰ的检测。结果全部病人的ＭＥＰ都出现异常，表现为潜伏期、中枢传导时间（ＣＭＣＴ）延长，时限增宽，波辐降低或不能引出。磁刺激ＭＥＰ的ＣＭＣＴ和皮层刺激潜伏期与脊髓型颈椎病临床日本整形外科协会（ＪＯＡ）评分间有密切相关性，能较好地反映ＣＳＭ病人的病情。结论ＭＥＰ在检测ＣＳＭ病人运动功能方面具有定量评价作用。与电刺激相比，磁刺激ＭＥＰ能更好地反映ＣＳＭ病人的病情。     

Operative fusion of multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy: Impact of patient demographics

Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is the most common cause of spinal cord dysfunction in patients older than age 55, with operative management being a widely adopted approach. Previous work has shown that private insurance status, gender and patient race are predictive of the operative approach patients receive (anterior-only, posterior-only, combined anterior–posterior). The Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2001 to 2010 was used to assess the potential role of multilevel CSM as a contributing factor in determining which operative approach CSM patients receive, as it is rare for an anterior-only approach to be sufficient for CSM patients requiring fusion of four or more involved levels. Multivariate analyses revealed that female sex (OR = 3.78; 95% CI = 2.08–6.89; p < 0.0001), private insurance (OR = 5.02; 95% CI = 2.26–11.12; p < 0.0001), and elective admission type (OR = 4.12; 95% CI = 1.65–10.32; p = 0.0025) were predictive of increased receipt of a 3+ level fusion in CSM. No other variables, including patient age, race, income, or admission source were predictive of either increased or decreased likelihood of receiving fusion of at least three levels for CSM. In conclusion, female sex, private insurance status, and elective admission type are each independent predictors in CSM for receipt of a 3+ level fusion, while patient age, race and income are not. Given the propensity of fusions greater than three levels to require posterior approaches and the association between posterior CSM approaches and increased morbidity/mortality, these findings may prove useful as to which patient demographics are predictive of increased morbidity and mortality in operative treatment of CSM.     

3D外视镜辅助前路颈椎间盘切除融合术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的疗效

目的 探讨3D外视镜辅助前路颈椎间盘切除融合术(ACDF)治疗脊髓型颈椎病的效果.方法 回顾性分析2019年1～6月3D外视镜辅助ACDF治疗的15例脊髓型颈椎病的临床资料.术后随访12～16个月,平均(14.40±1.45)个月,采用日本骨科协会(JOA)评分评估神经功能.结果 所有病人均在3D外视镜辅助下顺利完成手...