兰州地区新生儿红细胞免疫功能测定及其影响因素分析

目的了解兰州地区新生儿红细胞免疫功能状态,同时观察相关因素如性别、胎龄、日龄、出生体重、喂养方式、有无黄疸等对新生儿红细胞免疫功能的影响。方法采用郭峰红细胞酵母花环法测定104例新生儿红细胞C3b受体花环率(RBC-C3bRR)和红细胞免疫复合物受体花环率(RBC-ICR)。结果①正常新生儿RBC-C3bRR为:(16．80±1．56)％,RBC-ICR为:(5．72± 1．63)％。②不同性别、胎龄、日龄、出生体重间比较,RBC-C3bRR和RBC-ICR无明显差别;母乳喂养与混合喂养新生儿比较,RBC-C3bRR和RBC-ICR均有差别,P<0．05;而母乳喂养与配方奶喂养、配方奶喂养与混合喂养比较,RBC-C3bRR和RBC-ICR则无显著性差别;有无生理性黄疸新生儿之间比较,RBC-ICR有显著性差别;而RBC-C3bRR无明显差异。③相关分析表明,RBC-C3bRR 与出生体重、喂养方式相关,P<0．05;RBC-ICR与喂养方式、生理性黄疸等因素相关,P<0．05; RBC-C3bRR和RBC-ICR与性别、胎龄、日龄等各种因素无明显关系。结论新生儿红细胞免疫功能与某些因素有着密切关系,这些因素对新生儿红细胞免疫功能有一定的影响。     

兰州地区新生儿红细胞免疫功能测定及其影响因素分析

目的了解兰州地区新生儿红细胞免疫功能状态,同时观察相关因素如性别、胎龄、日龄、出生体重、喂养方式、有无黄疸等对新生儿红细胞免疫功能的影响.方法采用郭峰红细胞酵母花环法测定104例新生儿红细胞C3b受体花环率(RBC-C3bRR)和红细胞免疫复合物受体花环率(RBC-ICR).结果①正常新生儿RBC-C3bRR为(16.80±1.56)%,RBC-ICR为(5.72±1.63)%.②不同性别、胎龄、日龄、出生体重间比较,RBC-C3bRR和RBC-ICR无明显差别;母乳喂养与混合喂养新生儿比较,RBC-C3bRR和RBC-ICR均有差别,P＜0.05;而母乳喂养与配方奶喂养、配方奶喂养与混合喂养比较,RBC-C3bRR和RBC-ICR则无显著性差别;有无生理性黄疸新生儿之间比较,RBC-ICR有显著性差别;而RBC-C3bRR无明显差异.③相关分析表明,RBC-C3bRR与出生体重、喂养方式相关,P＜0.05;RBC-ICR与喂养方式、生理性黄疸等因素相关,P＜0.05;RBC-C3bRR和RBC-ICR与性别、胎龄、日龄等各种因素无明显关系.结论新生儿红细胞免疫功能与某些因素有着密切关系,这些因素对新生儿红细胞免疫功能有一定的影响.     

高胆红素血症新生儿红细胞免疫功能的变化及其影响因素

目的研究高胆红素血症新生儿的红细胞免疫功能状态，观察各种因素对红细胞免疫功能的影响。方法采用酵母多糖花环试验法对52例高胆红素血症新生儿测定红细胞C3b补体受体花环（RBC-C3bRR）和红细胞免疫复合物受体花环（RBC-ICR），并与104例正常新生儿进行对比。结果1．高胆红素血症患儿RBC-C3bR低于正常新生儿，而RBC-ICR则高于正常新生儿，差异有显著性（Pa〈0．01）；2．不同总胆红素水平的新生儿间比较，RBC-C3bRR无统计学差异（Pa〉0．05），RBC-ICR有显著性差异（Pa〈0．05）；3．不同血清未结合胆红素水平的高胆红素血症患儿间进行比较，RBC-ICR有显著性差异（Pa〈0．05），RBC-C3bRR无明显差异（Pa〉0．05）；4．相关分析表明，高胆红素血症患儿的RBC-ICR与总胆红素、未结合胆红素水平间呈显著正相关（Pa〈0．05）；RBC-C3bRR与光疗时间呈正相关（P〈0．05）；高胆红素血症患儿的红细胞免疫功能与胎龄、日龄、喂养方式等因素无明显相关性（Pa〉0．05）。结论新生儿高胆红素血症的红细胞免疫功能低于正常新生儿，并与血清胆红素水平及光疗时间的影响有关。     

新生儿和产妇红细胞免疫功能相关性分析

目的：了解兰州地区新生儿与其母亲的红细胞免疫功能状态及其关系,同时观察各种产科因素对新生儿红细胞免疫功能的影响。方法：采用细胞酵母花环法测定104例新生儿及其母亲的红细胞C3b受体花环率(RBC-C3bRR) 和红细胞免疫复合物受体花环率(RBC-ICR)。结果：①新生儿与其母亲比较,新生儿的RBC-C3bRR和RBC-ICR均高于产妇,差异有显著性,P<0.05。②经母婴配对分析,产妇与新生儿的RBC-C3bRR无明显相关性,P>0.05。而产妇与新生儿的RBC-ICR具有相关性且呈正相关,P<0.05。③新生儿的RBC-C3bRR和RBC-ICR与羊水、胎盘、脐带、分娩方式、产妇贫血、妊娠高血压综合征等因素无明显相关性,P>0.05。结论：新生儿的红细胞免疫功能已经相对成熟,产妇与新生儿的红细胞免疫功能具有一定相关性,羊水、胎盘、脐带、分娩方式等因素对新生儿的红细胞免疫功能无明显影响。［中国当代儿科杂志,2007,9（1）：19-21］     

血清胆红素对红细胞免疫功能的影响

目的 了解胆红素对红细胞免疫功能的影响。方法 对38例黄疸患儿进行胆红素和红细胞免疫功能检测,红细胞C3b补体受体花环(RBC-C3bRR)和红细胞免疫复合物受体花环(RBC-ICR)采用酵母多糖花环试验,血清胆红素采用苯甲酸尿素比色法。结果 发现该组患儿RBC-C3bRR,红细胞辅助因子(RIER)明显降低,而RBC-ICR,红细胞抑制因子(RIFR)明显升高,并发现RBC-C3bRR,RIER与胆红素浓度呈负相关,RBC-ICR,RIFR与胆红素浓度呈正相关。结论 血清胆红素能引起继发性红细胞免疫功能低下。     

支气管哮喘患儿红细胞免疫粘附肿瘤细胞能力的研究

目的：探讨支气管哮喘患儿自然条件下的红细胞免疫功能和免疫粘附肿瘤细胞的能力。方法：红细胞C3b受体花环率(RBC-C3bRR)、红细胞CIC受体花环率(RBC-ICRR)采用酵母菌花环试验。红细胞免疫粘附肿瘤细胞(RIT)采用C3b介导的免疫粘附实验。结果：支气管哮喘患儿RBC-C3bRR、RIT明显降低,RBC-ICRR明显升高。与对照组比较差异有显著性意义,均P<0.01。结论：支气管哮喘患儿红细胞免疫功能低下,红细胞膜受体活性在支气管哮喘患儿气道炎症中可能起到重要作用,可作为临床监测支气管哮喘病情的一个可靠指标。     

脑创伤患儿红细胞免疫功能的变化

目的探讨小儿脑创伤后红细胞免疫功能改变的意义。方法选取脑创伤患儿60例,按伤情分为轻型损伤和中重型损伤组。选取腹腔沟疝、隐睾各15例为对照组。酵母菌花环法检测其血红细胞C3b受体花环率(RBC-C3bRR)和红细胞免疫复合物花环率(RBC-ICR),放射免疫法测定其血清β-内啡肽(β-EP)水平,并对数据进行统计学分析。结果与对照组比较,脑创伤患儿组RBC-C3bRR明显下降(P<0.01),RBC-ICR和β-EP均明显升高(Pa<0.01);中重型创伤组各指标改变较轻型创伤组更明显(Pa<0.05)。脑创伤患儿β-EP变化与RBC-C3bRR呈直线负相关[r(轻型组)=-0.865;r(中重型)=-0.635Pa<0.05];β-EP变化与RBC-ICR呈直线正相关[r(轻型组)=0.644;r(中重型)=0.746Pa<0.05]。结论脑创伤患儿红细胞免疫功能明显下降,其改变与体内β-EP明显升高密切相关。     

毛细支气管炎患儿红细胞免疫及T细胞亚群变化的研究

目的：探讨毛细支气管炎患儿红细胞免疫和T细胞亚群的变化及意义。方法：对45例毛细支气管炎患儿和30例正常儿童的红细胞免疫功能和T细胞亚群进行检测。检测外周血红细胞免疫复合物花环率（RBC-ICR）、红细胞C3b受体花环率（RBC-C3bRR）;采用流式细胞术检测CD3+、CD4+、CD8+细胞亚群。结果：毛细支气管炎患儿RBC-C3bRR［（13.6±6.2）%］、CD8+细胞百分比［（21.6±4.4）%］ 较对照组的（18.0±7.4）% 和 (25.6±5.2)%减低（P<0.01）;CD3+［（59.9±6.7）%］和CD4+细胞百分比［（53.5±6.2）%］及RBC-ICR［（8.3±3.5）%］均高于对照组的（52.1±8.3）%、（46.8±4.9）% 和（6.1±2.5）%（P<0.01）。毛细支气管炎患儿RBC-ICR和CD4+细胞百分比存在正相关（r=0.63,P<0.05）,RBC-C3bRR和CD4+细胞百分比存在负相关（r=-0.82,P<0.01）。结论：毛细支气管炎患儿存在T淋巴细胞、红细胞免疫功能障碍,可能在毛细支气管炎的发病机制中起到一定作用。     

恶性肿瘤患儿红细胞免疫功能的检测

目的探讨恶性肿瘤患儿红细胞免疫功能的变化。方法用花环试验检测恶性肿瘤患儿红细胞免疫功能。结果与正常儿童或良性肿瘤患儿相比,恶性肿瘤患儿RBC-C3b受体花环率及促进率显著降低(P<0.01);RBCIC花环率及RBC-C3b受体花环抑制率显著升高(P<0.01);4项肿瘤红细胞花环试验指标均显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论恶性肿瘤患儿红细胞免疫功能是低下的,红细胞免疫功能的检测对于探讨小儿恶性肿瘤的发病机理和治疗措施具有一定的意义。     

儿童乙肝病毒相关性肾炎红细胞免疫功能检测结果

目的：研究红细胞免疫功能与乙肝病毒相关性肾炎(HBVMN)的关系。方法：采用酵母菌花环法测定了8例经肾活检证实的HBVMN患儿及12健康儿童(对照组)的红细胞C3b(RBC-C3b)受体花环率及红细胞免疫复合物(RBC-IC)花环率,并进行比较。结果：HBVMN组RBC-C3b受体花环率(11.2±2.3)%明显低于对照组(17.2±3.2)%,(P<0.01)。RBC-IC花环率(11.2±2.0%)明显高于对照组(4.7±1.2),(P<0.05)。结论：HBVMN患儿红细胞粘附功能明显低下,提示其清除免疫复合物能力不足,免疫复合物易于沉积而诱发HBVMN。     

Allergic factors associated with the development of asthma and the influence of cetirizine in a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial: First results of ETA®

There is a common progression known as the allergic march from atopic dermatitis to allergic asthma. Cetirizine has several antiallergic properties that suggest a potential effect on the development of airway inflammation and asthma in infants with atopic dermatitis. Methods. Over a two year period, 817 infants aged one to two years who suffered from atopic dermatitis and with a history of atopic disease in a parent or sibling were included in the ETAC^® (Early Treatment of the Atopic Child) trial, a multi-country, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. The infants were treated for 18 months with either cetirizine (0.25mg/ kg b.i.d.) or placebo. The number of infants who developed asthma was compared between the two groups. Clinical and biological assessments including analysis of total and specific IgE antibodies were performed. Results. In the placebo group, the relative risk (RR) for developing asthma was elevated in patients with a raised level of total IgE (≥ 30 kU/I) or specific IgE (≥ 0.35 kUA/I) for grass pollen, house dust mite or cat dander (RR between 1.4 and 1.7). Compared to placebo, cetirizine significantly reduced the incidence of asthma for patients sensitised to grass pollen (RR = 0.5) or to house dust mite (RR = 0.6). However, in the population that included all infants with normal and elevated total or specific IgE (intention-to-treat - ITT), there was no difference between the numbers of infants developing asthma while receiving cetirizine or placebo. The adverse events profile was similar in the two treatment groups. Discussion. Raised total IgE level and raised specific IgE levels to grass pollen, house dust mite or cat dander were predictive of subsequent asthma. Cetirizine halved the number of patients developing asthma in the subgroups sensitised to grass pollen or house dust mite (i.e. 20% of the study population). In view of the proven safety of the drug, we propose this treatment as a primary pharmacological intervention strategy to prevent the development of asthma in specifically sensitised infants with atopic dermatitis.     

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孤独症谱系障碍(autistic-spectrum disorders,ASDs)近年来患病率逐年攀升至1%左右,其症状往往伴随终生,成为严重威胁儿童健康和发展的神经发育性疾患;注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)是儿童期最常见的精神障碍,国内报道患病率为4.13%～5.83%,其症状可延续至青少年期,甚至到成年期[1]。这两类精神障碍在成年期的临床表现、共患病、治疗策略和预后与儿童期有哪些不同呢?本文通过回顾相     

EXCITING NEW TREATMENT APPROACHES FOR PATHYPHYSIOLOGIC MECHANISMS OF SICKLE CELL DISEASE

During the past several decades, our understanding of the complex pathophysiology of vasoocclusion associated with sickle cell disease has improved greatly. Interaction of genes, hemoglobin molecules, red cell membrane and metabolic changes, cell-cell interactions and cell-plasma interactions, red cell adhesion to vascular endothelium, activation of coagulation, and vascular reactivity play a role in vaso occlusion. Penicillin prophylaxis of pneumococcal infections and appropriate use of blood transfusions and other supportive measures improved survival of sickle cell patients. Hydroxyurea made a major impact on sickle cell therapy when it was shown to decrease acute painful episodes, acute chest syndrome, and the need for blood transfusion in adults. Significant experience in the use of hydroxyurea has been accumulated in older children. The benefits and risks of hydroxyurea for younger children and long-term risks in all patients will be evaluated in future investigations. Other promising therapies include butyrate compounds, clotrimazole, magnesium supplementation, poloxamer 188, antiadhesion agents, anticoagulant approaches, and nitric oxide. Hemopoietic transplantation remains the only curative therapy. However, several transgenic mouse models are available for studies of gene therapy or other treatment approaches on biochemical, cellular, and pathologic effects of mutant genes.     

Infiltrations of Epstein-Barr virus-carrying cells in granular lymphocyte-proliferative disorders corresponding to chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection

A 21-year-old man with granular lymphocyte-proliferative disorders (GLPD) associated with chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is described. Chromosomal analyses revealed several clonal abnormalities and two of them were mainly repetitious. High copy numbers of monoclonal EBV genome were also detected in the proliferative large granular lymphocytes (LGLs), indicating the monoclonal expansion of EBV-infected LGLs. The patient had an indolent course for several years, and there was no evidence of infiltrations of his bone marrow until the end stage. At autopsy, microscopic studies revealed marked infiltrations of LGL in the liver and spleen, and the infiltrating cells were NK-cell immunophenotype. The infiltrated LGLs showed latency I.     

LUTEINIZING HORMONE RECEPTOR MUTATIONS IN DISORDERS OF SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT AND CANCER

Human male sexual development is regulated by chorionic gonadotropin (CG) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Aberrant sexual development caused by both activating and inactivating mutations of the human luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) have been described. All known activating mutations of the LHR are missense mutations caused by single base substitution. The most common activating mutation is the replacement of Asp-578 by Gly due to the substitution of A by G at nucleotide position 1733. All activating mutations are present in exon 11 which encodes the transmembrane domain of the receptor. Constitutive activity of the LHR causes LH releasing hormone-independent precocious puberty in boys and the autosomal dominant disorder familial male-limited precocious puberty (FMPP). Both germline and somatic activating mutations of the LHR have been found in patients with testicular tumors. Activating mutations have no effect on females. The molecular genetics of the inactivating mutations of the LHR are more variable and include single base substitution, partial gene deletion, and insertion. These mutations are not localized and are present in both the extracellular and transmembrane domain of the receptor. Inactivation of the LHR gives rise to the autosomal recessive disorder Leydig cell hypoplasia (LCH) and male hypogonadism or male pseudohermaphroditism. Severity of the clinical phenotype in LCH patients correlates with the amount of residual activity of the mutated receptor. Females are less affected by inactivating mutation of the LHR. Symptoms caused by homozygous inactivating mutation of the LHR include polycystic ovaries and primary amenorrhea.     

Resurgence of measles in Singapore: profile of hospital cases

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the profile of cases of measles seen at a general hospital during a recent outbreak that occurred despite a measles vaccination program. METHODOLOGY: A retrospective study from January 1991 to March 1998. All patients with measles (ICD code 055. 9) seen at the emergency unit or as inpatients were included. RESULTS: There were 87 cases identified. The diagnosis was clinical in all and proven serologically in 71%. Eighty-five per cent of the cases occurred between January 1997 and March 1998. There was a bi-modal age distribution with peaks in the very young (相似文献   

Personality profiles and heart rate variability (vagal tone) in children with recurrent abdominal pain

The aim of the study was to explore psychological factors and autonomic activity in children with recurrent abdominal pain and to compare them with those in a control group of healthy children. The Personality Inventory for Children was used for assessment of developmental, emotional and psychosocial factors in 25 children with recurrent abdominal pain (age, 7-15 y). Parasympathetic and sympathetic functions in these children and in 23 healthy control subjects (age, 7-13 y) were also investigated, non-invasively using a computerized polygraph. Vagal tone (parasympathetic function) was indexed by calculation of respiratory sinus arrhythmia in beats/min. Skin conductance (sympathetic function) was recorded by the constant current method. On the Personality Inventory for Children, 16 patients had high scores on somatic concern. Several patients had scores in the clinical range for depression, withdrawal and anxiety, but the mean scores for these personality profile scales were well within the normal range of healthy children. Interestingly, there was a spike on the L (Lie)-scale for most of the patients and 15 patients had scores above or close to the clinical cut-off value. As compared with the scores in healthy children, vagal tone and sympathetic tone were normal. Conclusion: Many children with recurrent abdominal pain have scores in the clinical range for depression, withdrawal, anxiety and L-scale indicating coping problems, denial and a trend towards somatic concern that may contribute to the evolution of abdominal pain. Autonomic nerve activity was not disturbed in these children.     

Overcoming surfactant inhibition with polymers

Inhibition of the function of pulmonary surfactant in the alveolar space is an important element of the pathophysiology of many lung diseases, including meconium aspiration syndrome, pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. The known mechanisms by which surfactant dysfunction occurs are (a) competitive inhibition of phospholipid entry into the surface monolayer (e.g. by plasma proteins), and (b) infiltration and destabilization of the surface film by extraneous lipids (e.g. meconium-derived free fatty acids). Recent data suggest that addition of non-ionic polymers such as dextran and polyethylene glycol to surfactant mixtures may significantly improve resistance to inhibition. Polymers have been found to neutralize the effects of several different inhibitors, and can produce near-complete restoration of surfactant function. The anti-inhibitory properties of polymers, and their possible role as an adjunct to surfactant therapy, deserve further exploration.     

Understanding infant formula

The World Health organisation recommends breast feeding infants for the first six months of life. When this breast feeding does not occur either through parental choice or medical need, infant formulas will be required. There is a bewildering array of formulas on the UK market for many different requirements. When faced with an unsettled infant many parents (and healthcare professionals) will experiment with the infant formula available and then attend the paediatric clinic looking for help and advice. It is therefore essential that paediatricians understand what milks are available and what the key differences between different products are. This review attempts to provide a simple guide through many of the formulations currently available in the UK; and offers advice for the dietary management of the child with extra calorie requirements, infants with cow's milk protein allergy, gastro oesophageal reflux disease, apparent unresolved hunger and infantile colic. Whatever the underlying condition, there is likely to be an infant formula that is suitable in this generation of ever expanding formulations.