改良Lindholm腓肠肌倒转腱膜瓣加强修复急性跟腱断裂

目的探讨治疗急性跟腱断裂的手术方法及疗效。方法对Lindholm腓肠肌倒转腱膜瓣加强修复跟腱断裂术进行改良,修复45例急性跟腱断裂。用Kessler法缝合跟腱断端,改良术中切取大小为0.5 cm×7cm 2条腓肠肌腱膜瓣,预制成腱膜片后倒转包裹修复跟腱缝合端,恢复外形。结果术后无感染、切口坏死、腓肠神经损伤及跟腱再断裂等并发症,跟腱修复处外形良好。患者均获随访,时间12～20个月。术后1年根据Arner-Lindholm评定标准评价治疗效果:优43例,良2例。结论改良Lindholm腓肠肌倒转腱膜瓣是加强修复急性跟腱断裂的有效手术方法。     

带神经血管蒂腓骨长肌腱复合瓣修复跟腱并皮肤缺损

目的报道腓肠神经营养血管腓骨长肌腱复合瓣修复陈旧性跟腱断裂并皮肤缺损的治疗方法与效果。方法通过解剖学研究，切取以腓肠神经营养血管为蒂，串接腓骨长肌腱及足外侧皮瓣形成复合瓣，转移修复陈旧性跟腱断裂并皮肤缺损6例。皮肤缺损大小为6．5cm×4．0cm～2．0cm×1．5cm；跟腱缺损长度为2．0～7．5cm。结果术后随访4～16个月，皮瓣均成活及跟腱均愈合良好，皮瓣外观良好，未再破溃。术后1例皮肤边缘少部分坏死，1例少量伤口裂开，均经换药之后伤口愈合。根据Amer-Lindholm评定法，术后跟腱的功能，评定结果，本组优3例，良2例，可1例。结论应用腓肠神经营养血管腓骨长肌腱复合瓣修复陈旧性跟腱断裂合并皮肤缺损，可一次性修复皮肤及跟腱缺损，具有愈合能力及抗感染力强、力学性能与跟腱组织结构相近的优点，邻近转移，能满足跟腱重建的要求。     

腓肠肌腱膜瓣翻转联合阔筋膜移植治疗跟腱再断裂

目的:探讨腓肠肌腱膜瓣翻转联合阔筋膜移植修复跟腱再断裂的临床疗效。方法 :自2013年7月至2017年4月,对11例跟腱术后再断裂患者采用腓肠肌腱膜瓣翻转联合阔筋膜移植重建治疗,男10例,女1例;年龄25～48岁。所有患者术前患足跖屈力量减弱、单足提踵试验阳性。观察术后并发症,并于术后6个月采用美国足踝外科学会踝-后足功能评分(AOFAS)进行功能评价。结果:本组11例患者获得随访,时间6～11个月。所有患者手术切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无皮肤坏死、切口感染、深静脉血栓、再断裂等并发症。跟腱缺损长度4～7 cm。患者完全恢复负重时间8～11周。术后6个月AOFAS评分79～100分,其中优9例,良2例。结论:腓肠肌腱膜翻转联合阔筋膜移植修复跟腱再断裂,具有跟腱修复可靠,并发症少,跟腱功能恢复良好的优点,是一种有效的临床治疗方法。     

跖肌腱扇形膜片和腓肠肌腱瓣V-Y成形术治疗陈旧性跟腱断裂

目的　研究跖肌腱扇形膜片和腓肠肌腱瓣V -Y成形术治疗陈旧性跟腱断裂的术式及结果。方法　对 14例平均 89d陈旧性跟腱断裂患者采用跖肌腱扇形膜片和腓肠肌腱瓣V -Y成形术治疗 ,跟腱缺损范围为 3 6～ 7 3cm ,平均为 5 2cm ,跟腱缺损范围较大时 (大于 6 5cm) ,可加用跖肌腱加固术。结果　平均随访 2年 4个月 ,按Arner-Lindholm疗效评定标准评估 ,优 11例 (78 6 % ) ,良 2例 (14 3% ) ,优良率为 93%。结论　跖肌腱扇形膜片和腓肠肌腱瓣V -Y成形术治疗陈旧性跟腱断裂 ,临床疗效满意 ,值得推广。     

跖肌腱扇形膜片和腓肠肌腱瓣V—Y成形术治疗陈旧性跟腱断裂

目的 研究跖肌腱扇形膜片和腓肠肌腱瓣V—Y成形术治疗陈旧性跟腱断裂的术式及结果。方法 对14例平均89d陈旧性跟腱断裂患者采用跖肌腱扇形膜片和腓肠肌腱瓣V—Y成形术治疗，跟腱缺损范围为3．6～7．3cm．平均为5．2cm，跟腱缺损范围较大时(大于6．5cm)，可加用跖肌腱加固术。结果 平均随访2年4个月，按Arner-Lindholm疗效评定标准评估，优11例(78．6％)，良2例(14．3％)，优良率为93％。结 论跖肌腱扇形膜片和腓肠肌腱瓣V—Y成形术治疗陈旧性跟腱断裂，临床疗效满意，值得推广。     

跟腱断裂合并跟腱末端病变的手术治疗

[目的]介绍跟骨结节切除带线铆钉止点重建术治疗跟腱断裂合并跟腱末端病变的手术技术。[方法]7例跟腱断裂合并跟腱末端病变患者采用跟骨结节及变性跟腱切除、带线铆钉止点重建术。术中切除足够大的跟骨骨块,切除变性坏死跟腱,对于缺损较小者(2 cm)直接行带线铆钉缝合固定于跟骨,缺损较大者(2 cm)采取腓肠肌腱V-Y延长技术及自体肌腱移植来恢复跟腱长度和维持后期踝关节功能。延长跟腱,带线铆钉跟腱止点重建,术后石膏固定4周。[结果]术后1例切口出现红肿,经伤口换药、升级抗生素后愈合。7例获6个月~2年随访,采用Arner-Lindholm评分标准,临床结果评定为优6足,良1足。所有患者踝关节背伸跖屈功能正常。[结论]跟骨结节及变性跟腱切除、带线铆钉止点重建术治疗跟腱断裂合并跟腱末端病具有较好的临床疗效,术中细致操作、足够大的骨块切除、变性坏死跟腱的切除、带线铆钉止点重建等是手术成功的关键。     

改良手术切口腓肠肌腱膜翻转治疗陈旧性跟腱断裂

目的探讨改良切口腓肠肌腱膜翻转术治疗陈旧性跟腱断裂的临床应用效果。方法回顾性分析2016年7月至2017年7月我院创伤骨科收治的18例陈旧性跟腱断裂病人的临床资料,其中男10例,女8例,平均年龄为42岁(32~55岁),左侧损伤6例,右侧损伤12例,跟腱缺损范围平均为5.8 cm(4~8 cm),手术方式为改良切口腓肠肌腱膜翻转,术后采用短腿石膏跖屈位固定,4周后改为踝关节中立位,8周后拆除石膏逐渐负重行走,随访时记录并发症情况,采用美国足踝外科医师协会(American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society,AOFAS)踝与后足功能评分系统评估临床效果。结果病人平均随访42个月(36~48个月),所有病人均能提踵,无切口感染、皮肤坏死、神经损伤及跟腱再断裂等并发症发生。末次随访时AOFAS踝与后足功能评分为(92.5±6.3)分,较术前(50.3±8.4)分明显提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用改良切口腓肠肌腱膜翻转治疗陈旧性跟腱断裂,临床效果满意,恢复快。     

V-Y肌腱瓣修复治疗Kuwade Ⅲ型陈旧性跟腱断裂的疗效观察

[目的]探讨V-Y肌腱瓣修复治疗KuwadeⅢ型陈旧性跟腱断裂的临床疗效。[方法]自2003年5月～2009年8月采用V-Y肌腱瓣修复治疗29例KuwadeⅢ型陈旧性跟腱断裂患者,男21例,女8例,年龄9～58岁,平均39.6岁。所有患者均采用跟腱止点外侧至小腿中部的略S形切口和V-Y肌腱瓣修复术治疗。[结果]术后获14～46个月(平均28个月)随访。无皮缘坏死、伤口感染和神经损伤并发症。按照Arner-Lindholm疗效评定标准,优25例,良4例,优良率为100%。患侧跟腱外形均与健侧一致。[结论]V-Y肌腱瓣修复术是一种有效的手术方法,适用于跟腱缺损3～6 cm时(即KuwadeⅢ型)陈旧性跟腱断裂的重建治疗,具有不增加局部体积、切口易愈合,跟腱外观恢复理想等优点。     

带肌蒂比目鱼肌肌腱瓣延长修复跟腱缺损的疗效分析

目的 通过对应用带肌蒂比目鱼肌肌腱瓣延长修复跟腱缺损的病例随访,以评价疗效.方法 于跟腱近端将位于深层的比目鱼肌腱与位于浅层的腓肠肌腱分开,并向近端分离,根据缺损范围预留肌腱长度,横向切断比目鱼肌腱纤维,形成带有肌蒂的肌腱瓣,向下牵拉延长,与跟腱远端缝接,肌腱瓣近端与腓肠肌腱缝接,缝合跟腱两侧,完成跟腱重建.治疗26例,获得随访18例.结果 18例获随访14～72个月,应用Termann跟腱损伤的临床评价标准进行评定:优13例,良4例,可1例,优良率达94.4%.其中开放性损伤1例术后皮肤发生部分坏死,经行皮瓣转移术后延期愈合;余17例伤口均Ⅰ期愈合.无感染发生及跟腱再次断裂.结论 带肌蒂比目鱼肌肌腱瓣延长重建跟腱术,具有损伤小、操作简便、功能康复好的优点,适用于缺损范围在7.5 cm以内的各种类型的闭合性跟腱缺损的修复重建.     

带肌蒂比目鱼肌肌腱瓣延长修复跟腱缺损的疗效分析

目的 通过对应用带肌蒂比目鱼肌肌腱瓣延长修复跟腱缺损的病例随访,以评价疗效.方法 于跟腱近端将位于深层的比目鱼肌腱与位于浅层的腓肠肌腱分开,并向近端分离,根据缺损范围预留肌腱长度,横向切断比目鱼肌腱纤维,形成带有肌蒂的肌腱瓣,向下牵拉延长,与跟腱远端缝接,肌腱瓣近端与腓肠肌腱缝接,缝合跟腱两侧,完成跟腱重建.治疗26例,获得随访18例.结果 18例获随访14～72个月,应用Termann跟腱损伤的临床评价标准进行评定:优13例,良4例,可1例,优良率达94.4%.其中开放性损伤1例术后皮肤发生部分坏死,经行皮瓣转移术后延期愈合;余17例伤口均Ⅰ期愈合.无感染发生及跟腱再次断裂.结论 带肌蒂比目鱼肌肌腱瓣延长重建跟腱术,具有损伤小、操作简便、功能康复好的优点,适用于缺损范围在7.5 cm以内的各种类型的闭合性跟腱缺损的修复重建.     

Reconstruction of soft tissue defects including the Achilles tendon with free neurovascular tensor fascia lata flap and fascia lata. Case report

The combined loss of the Achilles tendon and the overlying soft tissue in the young ambulant patient with expectations of a normal life is a challenge. These patients need not only skin coverage but also dynamic, functioning repair. Two cases of major defects after tumour resection are presented. In each case the tendon was reconstructed using the remaining gastrocnemius aponeurosis reinforced with fascia lata. This was covered by a free tensor fascia lata (TFL) flap. In one of the cases the flap was transferred as a neurovascular free flap.     

Preserving plantar flexion strength after surgical treatment for contracture of the triceps surae: A computer simulation study

Contractures of the triceps surae commonly are treated by surgical lengthening of the gastrocnemius aponeurosis or the Achilles tendon. Although these procedures generally relieve contractures, patients sometimes are left with dramatically decreased plantar flexion strength (i.e., decreased capacity to generate plantar flexion moment). The purpose of this study was to examine the trade-off between restoring range of motion and maintaining plantar flexion strength after surgical treatment for contracture of the triceps surae. A computer model representing the normal moment-generating characteristics of the triceps surae was altered to represent two conditions: isolated contracture of the gastrocnemius and contracture of both the gastrocnemius and the soleus. The effects of lengthening the gastrocnemius aponeurosis and the Achilles tendon were simulated for each condition. The simulations showed that nearly normal moment-generating characteristics could be restored when isolated gastrocnemius contracture was treated with lengthening of the gastrocnemius aponeurosis. However, when isolated gastrocnemius contracture was treated with lengthening of the Achilles tendon, the moment-generating capacity of the plantar flexors decreased greatly. This suggests that lengthening of the Achilles tendon should be avoided in persons with isolated gastrocnemius contracture. Our simulations also suggest that neither lengthening of the gastrocnemius aponeurosis nor lengthening of the Achilles tendon by itself is an effective treatment for combined contracture of the gastrocnemius and soleus. Lengthening the gastrocnemius aponeurosis did not decrease the excessive passive moment developed by the contracted soleus. Lengthening the Achilles tendon restored the normal passive range of motion but substantially decreased the active force-generating capacity of the muscles. Our simulations indicate that independent lengthening of the contracted gastrocnemius and soleus, rather than lengthening of their common tendon, accounts for differences in the architecture of these muscles and may be a more effective means to restore range of motion and maintain plantar flexion strength when combined contracture of the gastrocnemius and soleus is present.     

腓肠肌腱膜皮瓣修复治疗陈旧性跟腱断裂

<正>2005年1月~2013年1月,我科采用腓肠肌腱膜皮瓣翻转修补术治疗26例陈旧性跟腱断裂患者,报道如下。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组26例,男22例,女4例,年龄18~45岁。患者均有提踵无力及跛行,其中Thompson试验阳性24例。跟腱断裂位置均靠近中段,缺损长3~7 cm。均为陈旧性跟腱断裂,受伤至手术时间5~12周。1.2手术方法连续硬膜外麻醉。跟腱稍偏外侧缘切口入路,显露断裂跟腱及腓肠肌下端。完整切除跟腱坏死瘢痕组织,用可吸收0号爱惜康缝线于断端近侧以上约0.5 cm处水平褥式缝合,从     

Bi-pedicled V-Y gastrocnemius myocutaneous flap for repairing Achilles tendon and overlying skin defect： the anatomic basis and clinical application

Objective: To study the anatomic basis of the bi-pedicled V-Y gastrocnemius myocutaneous flap for repairing the composite Achilles tendon defect. Methods : The pedicle anatomy of the bi-pedicled V-Y gastrocnemius myocutaneous flap was examined on 30 cadaver specimens. The sliding distances of the flap were measured at different knee flexion degrees. The bi-pedicled V-Y gastrocnemius myocutaneous flap was applied in 12 cases of Achilles tendon defect with simultaneous skin and soft tissue defect. Results: The sural arteries could be classified into four types. After cutting off the gastrocnemius origin with a " Z-shaped" incision, the sliding distance of the flap reached (3. 7±0. 5) cm when the knee flexed 0°, (4.9±0.7) cm when the knee flexed 30°, (6. 7±0. 7) cm when the knee flexed 60 and (9.2±0.9) cm when the knee flexed 90°. All the defects healed. The patients recovered ambulation with satisfactory knee and ankle function. The follow-up was 4 months -12 years. Conclusions: Different sural artery types should be noticed during the harvest of the bi-pedicled V-Y gastrocnemius myocutaneous flap. With 90°knee flexion, this flap is suitable for one-stage repair of composite Achilles tendon defect within 9.2 cm±0.9 cm.     

Surgical Considerations for the Neglected or Chronic Achilles Tendon Rupture: A Combined Technique for Reconstruction

The Achilles tendon is among the most commonly injured tendons in the human body. The most common reason for delayed treatment is a missed diagnosis or a deficiency in presentation. The neglected or chronically ruptured Achilles tendon presents a unique treatment challenge. The surgical approach varies greatly depending on the extent of degeneration and the resultant gap between the opposing tendon ends. Most surgeons have recommended the use of a tendon transfer or augmentation to strengthen the Achilles tendon repair. The following technique uses a flexor hallucis longus tendon transfer with gastrocnemius aponeurosis turndown flap augmentation. This technique has been commonly performed by us with success.     

Reconstruction of the Achilles tendon and overlying soft tissue by free composite anterolateral thigh flap with vascularized fascia lata

Segmental loss of the Achilles tendon with overlying soft tissue and skin defect remains a complex reconstructive challenge. Successful reconstruction combines tendon repair with coverage of the defect by soft tissue flaps, creating an entity that meets up to three predetermined goals: (1) approaching preinjury functionality, (2) resisting shearing forces, and (3) achieving an esthetic result. From June 2009 to June 2011, our center submitted six patients to a one-stage procedure correcting the Achilles tendon using a composite free anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap with vascularized fascia lata. The flap sizes ranged from 5 to 8 cm in width and 16 to 20 cm in length and all flaps included vascularized fascia lata which was rolled to serve as an Achilles tendon. After reconstruction our patients showed good functional results, these patients could walk, climb stairs, and tiptoe again without support. Moreover, normal footwear could be worn. A free composite ALT flap with vascularized fascia lata is a reliable option for coverage of Achilles tendon and overlying soft tissue defects, even in elderly patients.     

Gravity Equinus Position to Control the Tendon Length of Reversed Free Tendon Flap Reconstruction for Chronic Achilles Tendon Rupture

Repair of chronic Achilles tendon rupture is a surgical challenge. We describe the use of a free turndown tendon flap augmentation raised from the proximal gastrocnemius aponeurosis. To control optimal tension or the reconstructed Achilles tendon length, we used an original method by referring to the gravity planter flexion ankle angle of the contralateral limb. Key aspects of the technique are described. A retrospective analysis of the short-term outcomes achieved in a case series (n = 56) is presented. The postoperative anthropometric findings are also presented to indicate the successful outcomes achieved with this technique.     

小腿后外侧逆行筋膜蒂岛状瓣修复足部缺损

目的　探讨小腿后外侧逆行筋膜蒂岛状瓣在同侧足部缺损修复中的应用。方法　以小腿外踝及跟腱之间踝关节血管网向上穿支血管及筋膜为蒂 ,形成上达窝下方、前后达小腿内外侧中线的小腿后外侧逆行筋膜蒂岛状皮瓣 ,修复同侧足跟及足背等皮肤软组织深度缺损。结果　应用 6例 ,皮瓣全部成活 ,其中 2例分别为 5岁及 6岁的患儿。结论　该法具有操作简单 ,供瓣面积大 ,血运安全可靠 ,不牺牲主要血管等优点 ,对于小腿中下部、足跟、内外踝及足背部等处较大软组织深度缺损的修复 ,是一种较理想的方法。     

V-Y腱成型术加带蒂筋膜覆盖治疗跟腱再断裂

目的 探讨V-Y腱成型术加带蒂筋膜覆盖治疗跟腱再断裂的疗效。方法 19例患者均应用V-Y腱成型术修复,同时采用带蒂筋膜覆盖跟腱吻合处。结果 术后随访2～5年,平均3．1年。按Amer-Lindhohn疗效标准进行评定,优14例,良4例,差1例。结论 V-Y腱成型术修复跟腱再断裂,疗效满意,而加以带蒂筋膜覆盖,则有效地减少术后并发症,促进跟腱的愈合。     

One-stage reconstruction of soft tissue and Achilles tendon defects using a composite free anterolateral thigh flap with vascularized fascia lata: clinical experience and functional assessment

The combined loss of the Achilles tendon with overlying soft tissue is a reconstructive challenge. To achieve acceptable rehabilitation, such patients need skin coverage including functional repair of the Achilles tendon. This article presents four such patients who were treated successfully by means of an anterolateral thigh (ALT) composite flap with vascularized fascia lata. The size of the ALT flaps ranged from 10 to 16 cm in length and 6 to 9 cm in width. All flaps included vascularized fascia lata, which was rolled to serve as vascularized tendon graft (range 8 x 6 cm to 10 x 8 cm) for reconstruction of the Achilles tendon defect. Flap success rate was 100%. All patients could walk and climb stairs without support; however, mild difficulty when running was reported. Functional outcome of the recipient ankle and donor thigh morbidity were investigated by using a kinetic dynamometer comparing reconstructed sides with the healthy contralateral limbs. This assessment was performed in two patients at 2 years postoperatively. In the reconstructed ankles, isokinetic concentric measurements of dorsiflexion and plantar flexion showed a deficit of 30% and 40%, respectively. Functional evaluation of quadriceps femoris muscle contraction forces after free ALT composite flap harvest showed a 10% to 25% deficit. However, there were no difficulties in daily ambulating. In summary, the free composite ALT flap with vascularized fascia lata provides an alternative option for Achilles tendon reconstruction in complex defects.