改良Miccoli术式与完全内镜术式治疗良性甲状腺结节的临床分析

目的：对比改良Miccoli术式与完全内镜术式治疗良性甲状腺结节的手术效果,为术式选择提供临床依据。 方法：48例良性甲状腺结节患者分别采用改良Miccoli术式（改良Miccoli组,24例）和完全内镜术式（完全内镜组,24例）行甲状腺腺瘤切除术、甲状腺部分切除术、甲状腺次全切除术、单侧甲状腺腺叶切除术。对比分析手术时间、术中出血量、术后疼痛分级、术后引流量、切口满意度、住院时间、住院费用、并发症发生率。 结果：在手术时间、术中出血量、术后疼痛分级、术后引流量方面改良Miccoli组均明显优于完全内镜（均P<0.05）,但切口满意度评分完全内镜组明显高于改良Miccoli组（P<0.05）;两组住院时间、住院费用、并发症发生率差异无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。 结论：改良Miccoli术式治疗良性甲状腺结节有明显优势,可作为优先选择的术式;完全内镜术式适合美学要求较高的患者。     

改良无充气经口腔前庭腔镜甲状腺手术14例临床分析

探讨改良无充气经口腔前庭入路腔镜甲状腺手术（TOETVA）的安全性及可行性。回顾性分析2020年8月至2022年5月在安徽医科大学第三附属医院甲状腺乳腺外科接受改良无充气TOETVA手术的14例病例资料。记录手术时间、住院时间、出血量、术后引流量、美观满意度及术后并发症发生率。结节性甲状腺肿4例,单侧甲状腺乳头状癌10例。1例行单侧腺叶大部切除,3例行单侧腺叶切除,10例行单侧甲状腺癌根治。良性手术平均时间（179.75±69.66）min;单侧癌根治术平均时间（219.90±105.28）min,平均出血量（11.43±6.91）mL,平均淋巴结清扫数目（7.00±5.01）个,平均淋巴结转移数目（1.10±1.37）个,淋巴结转移率15.71%(11/70)。术后所有患者无出血、感染发生;1例出现饮水呛咳,术后1周恢复;均无声音嘶哑改变;1例出现暂时性甲状腺旁腺功能减退,5例出现暂时性下颌皮肤麻木感,均于术后2月内恢复。所有患者术后3月颈部皮肤僵硬感明显改善。改良无充气TOETVA安全可行,对有美容需求的甲状腺疾病患者是一种较好的选择。     

甲状腺手术后低钙血症386例临床分析

目的 探讨甲状腺手术后低钙血症的发生规律和相关因素及治疗方法。方法 对2001年1月至2006年1月收治的2357例行甲状腺手术病人，分析监测术后血清钙的变化。结果 甲状腺手术后出现低钙血症386例．其中单侧腺叶次全切除术13例，均无症状；双侧腺叶全切术14例，一侧腺叶全切除并时侧腺叶次全切除术304例，双侧叶甲状腺次全切除术53例，一侧腺叶全切除并对侧部分切除术2例。专科医师手术出现低钙血症222例（11．8％，222／1886），非专科医师手术出现低钙血症164例（34．8％，164／471）。结论 双侧叶甲状腺全切除、一侧腺叶全切除加对侧腺叶次全切除、双侧叶甲状腺次全切除术，包括再次或二次以上手术，术后易出现低钙血症。甲状腺手术引起低钙血症与医师经验有关。     

30例甲状腺微小癌的外科治疗体会

【摘要】 目的 总结甲状腺微小癌的外科治疗经验。方法 回顾性分析2010年5月至2014年5月收治30例甲状腺微小癌患者的临床资料。结果〓30例病例均行手术切除,其中24例(80.00%)术中冰冻切片证实,6例(20.00%)术后病理确诊。24例中,单侧甲状腺腺叶加峡部切除术加中央区颈淋巴结(VI)清扫术14例;双侧甲状腺全切7例;单侧腺叶、峡部切除术加同侧颈淋巴结清扫术3例。术后病理确诊的6例均采用一侧腺体大部切除。全组30例无手术死亡和术后并发症,随访未见肿瘤复发。结论〓单侧甲状腺腺叶及峡部切除是甲状腺微小癌手术治疗较理想的术式;有淋巴结转移者同时行功能性颈部淋巴结清扫术。     

腔镜甲状腺手术98例报告

目的探讨2种不同途径腔镜甲状腺手术的价值。方法2003年12月~2005年8月,我院行腔镜甲状腺手术98例,采用经乳晕、胸骨前三孔法(胸壁途径)或双侧腋窝三孔法(腋窝途径),通过分离胸前皮下和颈阔肌深面,注入CO2(压力8~10 mm Hg)建立手术操作空间。超声刀切割、分离甲状腺组织和甲状腺血管;术中保护喉返神经、喉上神经以及甲状旁腺。1例行一侧腺叶切除及对侧甲状腺部分切除手术,18例行一侧腺叶切除术,12例行双侧甲状腺次全切除手术,46例行一侧腺叶次全切除术,21例行甲状腺肿块切除术。结果98例手术均获成功,无一例中转开放手术,无手术并发症。手术时间(69.1±29.0)m in,术中出血量(37.9±10.6)m l,术后住院(3.5±0.7)d。颈部引流管术后24~36 h拔除。2例甲状腺癌随访24个月,未见复发;余96例随访6~28个月,平均16个月,无复发。结论经胸壁及腋窝途径行腔镜甲状腺手术具有极佳的美容效果,可以作为一种治疗手段对有特别要求的患者应用。     

35例腔镜甲状腺手术喉返神经显露的技巧与体会

目的 探讨腔镜下甲状腺切除术中喉返神经显露的技巧及预防其损伤的方法.方法 2012年4～12月我院行胸乳晕入路腔镜下甲状腺切除术35例,术中充分利用气管食管沟、甲状腺下动脉及甲状软骨下角等解剖标志常规显露喉返神经.结果 35例腔镜甲状腺手术均顺利完成,无中转开放手术,术中共显露喉返神经40条.行单侧腺叶大部切除10例,单侧腺叶切除20例,双侧腺叶大部切除5例.手术时间（45.4±10.1）min,出血量（25.1±5.1）ml;术后无声音嘶哑、呼吸困难等并发症发生.30例术后随访1～9个月,（4.5±0.9）月,1例出现甲状腺功能减退,无肿瘤复发.结论 术中要充分利用气管食管沟、甲状腺下动脉及甲状软骨下角等解剖标志寻找喉返神经.扎实的开放甲状腺手术解剖喉返神经的基础和娴熟的腔镜甲状腺手术技能是显露喉返神经的关键.     

甲状腺疾病手术治疗475例分析

1995年1月～2005年12月,我院共手术治疗甲状腺疾病475例,手术方式包括：肿块除、一侧腺叶大部切除、一侧腺叶加峡部切除、一侧腺叶加对侧部分切除、全甲状腺腺叶切除、一侧或两侧颈淋巴结清扫术等.现将其手术治疗情况进行回顾性分析.[第一段]     

内镜下甲状腺手术与喉返神经的显露技巧

目的探讨内镜下甲状腺手术中显露喉返神经的技巧。方法回顾性分析92例经胸骨前径路行内镜下甲状腺手术,甲状腺腺瘤及甲状腺功能亢进行甲状腺部分切除术,结节性甲状腺肿行甲状腺次全切除术,恶性肿瘤行甲状腺癌根治术。结果92例手术均成功,其中充分显露颈段喉返神经33例,包括单侧腺叶次全切除术21例,双侧腺叶次全切除术9例,单侧腺叶乳头状癌根治术3例。89例甲状腺良性病变每半年复查颈部超声、甲状腺功能测定,随访3个月～5年,9例双侧腺叶次全切除给予25～50μg左旋甲状腺素钠（优甲乐）,其余患者未给予任何特殊治疗,未发现复发,无甲状腺功能异常;3例甲状腺癌术后给予100～150μg优甲乐,2例随访2年,1例随访1年,未发现复发、转移。结论充分显露颈段喉返神经不但可以减少内镜下甲状腺手术并发症,而且可以增加手术适应范围。     

改良Miccoli术式内镜甲状腺手术36例临床观察

目的:探讨改良Miccoli术式内镜甲状腺手术治疗甲状腺肿瘤的临床疗效。方法:我院2011年1月至2011年12月共36例住院患者行改良Miccoli术式内镜甲状腺手术治疗甲状腺肿瘤。术后随访3个月,评价其疗效。结果:36例手术均无并发症。手术时间30～120min。平均35.3min,出血量15.5mL。多数伤口瘢痕已经吸收、变平,美容效果十分理想。结论:改良Miccoli术式内镜甲状腺手术治疗甲状腺肿瘤具有切口美观,手术创伤小,术后恢复快等优点,更易被爱美人士接受。     

甲状腺微小癌的诊治

目的:分析甲状腺微小癌的临床特征和预后,并探讨其手术切除范围。方法:总结1992年1月～2004年12月间手术治疗35例甲状腺良性病变手术时或手术后发现。15例行腺叶全切除加对侧次全或大部切除术。1例加颈淋巴结清扫术,19例行一侧腺叶全切除、次全切除或局部切除,随访病例中有1例死亡。结论:甲状腺微小癌女性发病率高,并以单发结节为主,多数因甲状腺良性病变手术时或术后发现,甲状腺微小癌预后良好。     

腔镜辅助甲状腺手术临床适应证的探讨

目的:探讨微创腔镜辅助甲状腺手术(minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy,MIVAT)的临床适用范围.方法:将91例单侧甲状腺手术按病变范围分组,45例病变≤3.0cm者行MIVAT(A组); 46例病变＞3.0cm者按患者要求,25例行MIVAT(B组),21例...     

Minimally invasive video-assisted functional lateral neck dissection for metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma

Functional lateral neck dissection requires a large incision providing adequate exposure of the surgical field. We evaluated the feasibility of minimally invasive video-assisted functional lateral neck dissection (VALNED) in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Low-risk PTC patients with lateral neck metastases <2 cm, in absence of any evidence of great vessels involvement, were considered eligible. After accomplishing total thyroidectomy and central neck clearance, dissection was performed under endoscopic vision by using a technique very similar to conventional surgery through the single 4-cm skin incision used for thyroidectomy. Two patients were selected: 1 underwent bilateral and 1 unilateral VALNED. The mean number of the removed nodes was 25 per side. Both patients experienced transient postoperative hypocalcemia. No other complication occurred. No evidence of residual or recurrent disease was found at follow-up. VALNED is feasible, and the results are encouraging. For definitive conclusions, larger series and comparative studies are necessary.     

Current topics of endoscopic surgery for thyroid cancer

Endoscopic surgery has been introduced in the field of thyroid disease. Endoscopic thyroid surgery is divided into complete endoscopic surgery using CO2 gas, which is approached from the axilla, mammary areola, and anterior chest; and video-assisted thyroid surgery without CO2 gas, approached from the neck or anterior chest under the clavicula through a small incision. Many thyroid tumors are benign, and cases of thyroid cancer are few. Only 7.9% of patients who underwent endoscopic thyroid surgery in the English and Japanese literature had papillary thyroid cancer. Most of these underwent video-assisted thyroidectomy without gas. The indications for endoscopic surgery in papillary thyroid cancer is microcancer or small tumor without lympnode metastasis before surgery. In follicular thyroid cancer, minimally invasive thyroid cancer of less than 5cm is recommended for endoscopic thyroid surgery. Furthermore, in medullary carcinoma with multiple endocrine neoplasia, prophylactic thyroidectomy can be performed using these endoscopic techniques. At present, it is still controversial whether endoscopic surgery should be performed to treat thyroid cancer.     

Clinical evaluation of operative procedure for differentiated carcinoma of isthmus of the thyroid

We studied 19 patients who had undergone operation for differentiated carcinoma of isthmus of the thyroid in Shinshu University Hospital from 1967 to 1986. Regarding the operations, total thyroidectomy was performed in 6 cases, subtotal thyroidectomy in 8 cases, lobectomy in one case and isthmectomy in 4 cases. In 12 cases, lymph node dissection was carried out. Among these 12 cases, 6 cases (50%) had evidence of metastasis. Intraglandular metastasis was found in 3 cases. There were no relationship between tumor size and nodal metastasis. From these results, we do not think that total thyroidectomy is indicated in the case of differentiated carcinoma of isthmus of the thyroid. In conclusion, subtotal thyroidectomy with bilateral modified radical neck dissection is sufficient as the operative procedure for differentiated carcinoma of isthmus of the thyroid.     

内镜在甲状腺切除术的临床应用

目的 探讨应用内镜外科技术施行甲状腺手术的可行性及效果。方法 采用须部无瘢痕内镜甲状腺切除术(SET)和微创电视辅助甲状腺切除术(MIvA)。SET切口选择在乳晕上缘、胸骨旁，钝性游离胸前和颈前皮下腔隙，在内镜下行甲状腺肿瘤或腺体次全切除术。MIvA切口选择在胸骨切迹上1cm处长约3cm，在电视辅助下行甲状腺肿瘤或腺体次全切除术。结果 SETl0例和MIvAl2例全部手术成功，无并发症。术后恢复良好，无声嘶、呛咳，颈部水肿、隆起明显改善。结论 对甲状腺切除手术，SET具有明显的美容效果，MIVA是一种微创和有效方法。     

Comparison of video-assisted thyroidectomy and traditional thyroidectomy for the treatment of papillary thyroid carcinoma

Background  

There is concern regarding the oncological effectiveness of minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy (VAT) for thyroid carcinoma. This study compared the surgical results of VAT and traditional thyroidectomy in patients with small papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC).     

Minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy: an analysis of results and a revision of indications

Background  

The first report of minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy (MIVAT) was published in 1999, and the indications were progressively implemented: from cytologically undetermined thyroid nodules to intermediate-risk differentiated thyroid cancers. The aim of this study was to review the entire series of patients who underwent a MIVAT, critically analyzing its indications and contraindications and trying to figure out how the indications might be extended.     

Benefits and limits of minimally invasive techniques in thyroid surgery

The present study was designed to investigate the potential benefits and limits of two minimally invasive thyroidectomy procedures, namely minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy (MIVAT) and open minimal-incision thyroidectomy (MIT). From May 2000 to June 2006, a prospective, non-randomised study was performed on 957 consecutive patients undergoing thyroid surgery. Fifty-six (5.8%) underwent MIVAT, 214 (22.4%) MIT and 687 (71.8%) conventional thyroidectomy (CT). Patients were selected for MIVAT when total thyroid volume was < or = 30 mL and for MIT when total thyroid volume was > 30 but < or = 80 mL, as determined by ultrasonography. The length of the central neck skin incision was 1.5-2 cm for MIVAT, 2.5-3.5 cm for MIT and 6-10 cm for CT. The incidence of definitive hypoparathyroidism or recurrent laryngeal palsy after MIVAT or MIT was comparable to that occurring after CT. Patients undergoing MIVAT or MIT experienced significantly less postoperative pain than those undergoing CT. Less pain was also registered in the MIVAT patient cohort as compared to the MIT group. Patients undergoing MIVAT or MIT were more satisfied with the cosmetic result as compared to those undergoing CT, whereas no significant differences were found between the MIVAT and MIT groups. As compared to CT, MIVAT and MIT provided a significant improvement in terms of cosmetic results and postoperative pain. Nevertheless, the main limiting factor for minimally invasive thyroid surgery still remains the size of the thyroid.     

Video-assisted endoscopic thyroidectomy

BACKGROUND: Several experimental and clinical reports concerning endoscopic parathyroid surgery have appeared. However, reports concerning minimally invasive surgery for thyroid remains rare. Herein we present a new method, called video-assisted endoscopic thyroidectomy (VAET), for the management of various benign thyroid diseases. METHODS: In all, 16 consecutive patients who underwent VAET for benign thyroid diseases were retrospectively studied. The study group included nodular hyperplasia in 8 patients, follicular adenoma in 6, and Hurthle's tumor and simple cyst in 1 each. A 2 to 3 cm transverse incision was made on the suprasternal notch. The wound was deepened to expose the underlying trachea from which the plane of the thyroid fascia was accessed directly, and the working space was established with lifting method using conventional instrument. All surgical procedures could be manipulated and monitored under laparoscopy without gas insufflation. The ultrasonically activated scalpel was the principal instrument used for VAET. RESULTS: All 16 patients underwent VAET successfully without conversion to open thyroidectomy. The surgical procedures included lobectomy in 13 and extirpation in 3. The operation time ranged from 28 minutes to 5 hours (mean 1 hour, 42 minutes). For the 5 most recent cases, lobectomy took an average of 2 hours, whereas extirpation less than 40 minutes. The tumor size ranged from 3.5 cm to 8.0 cm (mean 5.8 cm). There were no surgical complications. All patients but 1 were discharged on postoperative day 2. During follow-up, all patients demonstrated euthyroid function and satisfactory cosmetic results. CONCLUSIONS: VAET emerges as a promising minimally invasive surgical technique replacing conventional thyroidectomy for benign thyroid diseases in selected cases, with the advantage of satisfactory cosmetic results.