腹腔镜阴道前后壁补片治疗女性盆腔脏器脱垂的疗效分析

目的 比较腹腔镜下阴道前后壁补片与开放性阴道前壁修补术治疗盆腔脏器脱垂的长期效果.方法 中山大学附属第三医院泌尿外科7年来共47例有症状的盆腔脏器脱垂患者被纳入研究.所有患者均存在阴道前壁膨出,膀胱脱垂和不同程度的尿路感染.另外,34例有阴道后壁膨出,8例子宫脱垂,14例合并压力性尿失禁.病人被随机分成两组.第1组病人行腹腔镜阴道前后壁补片术,腹腔镜下分离阴道前、后壁直至接近阴道外口.分别在阴道前、后壁置入1块100%聚脂的网状补片,远端与提肛肌固定,近端固定于骶岬,将盆腔脏器复位并固定.对存在压力性尿失禁患者实施了colposuspension手术.第2组病人采取Juma的阴道前壁修补术,所有病人修补阴道前壁,矫正膀胱脱垂并悬吊膀胱颈;5例行经阴道子宫切除术,17例修复直肠脱垂.结果 第1、2组病例的平均住院时间分别为5 d(3～7 d),8 d(3～11 d).总随访时间平均为48个月(13～83个月).所有行腹腔镜下阴道前后壁补片术的病例和22例(92%)阴道前壁修补术的病例术后阴道均获得良好的支持,没有出现膀胱脱垂、阴道后疝或直肠脱垂.第2组有2例(8%)患者阴道后疝复发.第1组23例(100%)患者和第2组22例(92%)术后没有出现压力性尿失禁.结论 腹腔镜技术应用于盆腔脏器脱垂的修复疗效满意,随访4年的调查显示此术式不仅具备开放手术治疗效果,还具有腹腔镜手术创伤小、并发症少的特点,病人满意度高.     

老年女性盆腔脏器脱垂86例临床分析

目的:分析老年女性盆腔脏器脱垂采用不同手术方式行全盆底重建术的疗效及并发症,探讨正确的处理措施,提高生活质量。方法:回顾2001年～2011年86例盆腔脏器脱垂患者的临床资料,对其临床处理进行探讨。结果:86例患者全部行手术治疗,27例采用阴式全子宫切除+阴道前壁修补术,20例采用阴式全子宫切除+阴道后壁修补术,35例采用阴式全子宫切除+阴道前后壁修补术,4例合并严重内科疾病且无性生活要求的患者采用阴道部分融合术。术后随访7～120个月,治愈率82.5%(71/86),好转率5.8%(5/86),复发率11.6%(10/86)。结论:老年盆腔脏器脱垂患者选择合适的盆底重建术,是可行、有效、安全的。     

盆底功能障碍性疾病的研究进展

盆底损伤和功能退化导致的盆腔脏器脱垂（PelvicOrganProlapse,POP）和压力性尿失禁（StressUrinaryIncontinence,SUI）等女性盆底功能障碍性疾病（PelvicFloorDysfunctiondisease,PFD）严重影响了中老年女性的健康和生活质量。常规治疗的手术方式是阴式子宫切除和阴道前后壁修补,但这些方法有较高的复发率。     

女性盆底障碍性疾病62例临床分析

目的探讨女性盆底障碍性疾病的临床特点及治疗效果。方法根据病情选择相应的手术方式,其中阴式子宫切除术18例,阴道前后壁修补术12例,尿道TVT-O悬吊术5例,阴式子宫切除加阴道前后壁修补术27例。结果术后1年随访60例,治愈59例,好转1例。并发症2例,其中1例TVT-O术后会阴部异物不适感,经局部理疗后6个月好转,1例阴道前壁脱垂膀胱膨出术后排尿困难,拆除靠近尿道的1针缝合线后治愈,无严重并发症发生。结论女性盆底障碍性疾病是中老年妇女常见疾病,应根据患者具体情况选择手术方式,阴式子宫切除术、阴道前后壁修补术、或者二者联合手术是传统手术,易于学习掌握,用于治疗子宫脱垂、膀胱或直肠阴道膨出,费用低。尿道TVT-O手术方式,治疗压力性尿失禁创伤小、效果良好,学习有一定的过程,费用较高。     

直肠阴道疝Y型补片修补与悬吊的初步研究

目的探讨应用倒“Y”字形补片对直肠阴道疝进行修补,并行骶前阴道悬吊术的临床效果。方法从门诊盆底功能不全的患者中,选择具有具有直肠阴道疝的妇科患者共8例作为研究对象。常规缝合直肠阴道疝的疝囊,应用到“Y”型补片加强阴道后壁,并将阴道顶端悬吊于第2～3骶骨的前筋膜处。结果直肠阴道疝修补均成功,手术时间（110．0±16．9）min,出血（91．6±52．0）ml,排气时间（33．5±5．8）h,住院时间（6．8±0．7）d。所有患者术后1年,POP—Q评估均为。度。1例患者术后出现补片排斥反应,出现阴道腐蚀。结论直肠阴道疝应用倒Y型补片修补并行骶前阴道悬吊术效果确切,消除了临床症状,比单纯的修补效果佳,不易复发,加强了盆底功能,对防止复发及盆腔脏器的脱垂具有重要意义。．     

阴式子宫全切除联合阴道前后壁修补术治疗Ⅲ度子宫脱垂伴阴道前后壁膨出效果分析

目的分析阴式子宫全切除联合阴道前后壁修补术治疗Ⅲ度子宫脱垂伴阴道前后壁膨出的效果。方法选取2016-12-2018-12间在镇平县第二人民医院接受阴式子宫全切除联合阴道前后壁修补术的54例Ⅲ度子宫脱垂伴阴道前后壁膨出患者,对其手术情况、治疗效果,以及术后随访1 a期间的复发率进行分析。结果本组手术时间54~86 min,平均74.12 min。术中出血量340~420 mL,平均368.28 mL。术后胃肠功能恢复时间24~36 h,平均24.26 h。54例患者中,治愈52例(96.30%),好转2例(3.70%)。随访1 a,无1例复发。结论阴式子宫切除联合阴道前后壁修补术治疗Ⅲ度子宫脱垂伴阴道前后壁膨出,腹壁无切口、疗效确切、复发率低,是一种理想的微创治疗技术。     

腹腔镜下经腹膜外阴道旁修补术治疗阴道前壁脱垂9例报告

目的探讨腹腔镜经腹膜外阴道旁修补术治疗阴道旁缺陷所致的阴道前壁脱垂的可行性及疗效。方法2010年7月～2011年10月行腹腔镜经腹膜外阴道旁修补术治疗阴道旁缺陷所致的阴道前壁脱垂9例（Ⅲ度4例,Ⅱ度1例,Ⅰ度4例;4例合并阴道后壁脱垂Ⅰ度）,腹腔镜下腹膜外暴露双侧盆侧壁盆筋膜腱弓（白线）及坐骨棘,阴道穹隆角缝合于同侧坐骨棘,将阴道侧壁缝合于同侧白线。需行子宫全切及阴道壁修补术的患者同时行相应手术,但行阴道壁修补时不去除阴道壁。结果同时行阴式全子宫切除及阴道前后壁修补术4例,阴式全子宫切除1例,阴道前壁修补1例。手术时间75～310 min,平均177 min。除1例术中出血500 ml外,其余患者出血量中位数60 ml（5～280 ml）。术中均无并发症发生。3例术后出现臀部及下肢痛,除1例下肢痛持续2个月外,其余患者持续5～7 d后缓解。术后住院2～11 d,平均6 d。9例术后随访6～15个月,平均8个月,7例主观治愈及客观治愈。1例术后6个月感觉阴道肿物脱出,妇科检查为子宫脱垂Ⅰ度、阴道前壁脱垂Ⅰ度;1例术后1年感觉阴道肿物脱出,妇科检查为阴道前壁脱垂Ⅰ度。所有患者术后阴道深度均〉7 cm。结论腹腔镜经腹膜外阴道旁修补术治疗阴道旁缺陷所致的阴道前壁脱垂安全、可行,能保留阴道的原有深度,近期疗效好。     

同期手术治疗女性压力性尿失禁与盆腔脏器脱垂的临床研究

目的 探讨同期手术治疗女性压力性尿失禁(SUI)与盆腔脏器脱垂(POP)的适应证及治疗效果.方法 回顾性总结16例同期手术治疗SUI与POP患者的病例资料,其中有SUI症状并伴有中度以上阴道前壁膨出的患者12例,主诉阴道脱出物,检查发现子宫中度以上脱垂伴排尿困难4例,术前经查体、尿动力及膀胱造影检查确诊均存在Ⅱ型SUI.盆底修补手术包括Gynemesh网片、Prolift前片及全片植入,抗尿失禁手术采用TVT或TVT-O术,术中先行盆底修补术.结果 随访6～30个月,全部患者获满意效果,达到完全控尿,同时无排尿困难发生,未发现盆底膨出复发.结论 对合并有症状或中度以上POP的SUI患者,应积极同期处理相应的POP,以免加重POP的程度或排尿困难的发生;对单独发生的POP患者,应警惕隐性SUI的可能,同期行相应的控尿手术可避免术后SUI的发生.     

Avaulta solo~(TM)骨盆底修复系统联合TVT-O治疗阴道前壁脱垂合并压力性尿失禁的临床研究

目的:观察Avaulta soloTM骨盆底修复系统联合经闭孔经阴道无张力尿道中段悬吊术(TVT-O)治疗盆腔器官脱垂(POP)合并压力性尿失禁(SUI)的临床效果。方法:2011年1月~2012年2月我院收治阴道前壁脱垂合并SUI患者28例,同期行Avaulta骨盆底修复和TVT-O。术后定期随访,以盆腔脏器定量分度法(POP-Q)作为客观疗效评价指标,以盆腔器官脱垂/尿失禁性功能问卷(PISQ-12),盆底功能障碍影响问卷简版(PFIQ-7),盆底困扰量表简表(PFDI-20)作为主观治愈指标。结果:28例患者手术均顺利完成,手术时间(116.1±23.6)min,估计手术出血量为(83.9±54.4)ml,术后平均住院时间为(6.6±3.1)d。客观治愈率92.9%。随访24~36个月,平均25.7个月,术后2年主观评价量表各项与术前比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2例(7.1%)手术失败患者中1例术后仍有明显压力性尿失禁,另1例术后1周左右出现阴道前壁脱垂。另外有1例(3.6%)复发SUI。结论:Avaulta骨盆底修复系统同期联合TVT-O治疗阴道前壁脱垂合并SUI短期疗效确切,简便微创。     

无张力阴道吊带修复女性压力性尿失禁

目的探讨无张力阴道吊带（tension—free vaginal tape，TVT）术的适应证、手术方法及并发症的预防。方法2003年9月～2004年12月共收治女性压力性尿失禁（stress urinary incontinence，SUI）患者40例，年龄30～73岁，平均56．3岁，病程1～42年，平均7．2年。其中伴膀胱或直肠膨出8例，子宫脱垂1例。均采用TVT术进行修复，对合并子宫脱垂或阴道前／后壁膨出者，一并行阴道前后壁部分剪除蝶形补片。结果40例患者术后均获满意效果，术后合并短时轻度排尿困难2例，膀胱穿孔及盆腔血肿各1例，经处理后均痊愈。患者均获随访1～15个月，无尿失禁复发及排尿困难。结论TVT术是一种治疗SUI的有效方法。     

Anterior colporrhaphy: why surgeon performance is paramount

Anterior compartment repair is one of the most challenging issues in reconstructive pelvic surgery. Previous studies using strict anatomic criteria suggested a high failure rate after anterior colporrhaphy, prompting increased use of augmented repairs in the past decade. More recent studies suggest anterior colporrhaphy may provide symptom relief similar to that seen with augmented repairs without the risks associated with placement of mesh. There is a wide range of success rates for anterior colporrhaphy in the literature. The wide variation implies surgeon performance is a key issue in the success or failure of anterior compartment repair. It is critical to begin measuring and reporting surgeon performance in research trials and monitoring surgeon performance in clinical practice in order to make meaningful comparisons of surgical techniques and improve patient care.     

Vaginal mesh repair: is it appropriate for pelvic organ prolapse in a nulliparous female following pelvic ring fracture?

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) in a nulliparous woman is a rare sequela of high-energy pelvic trauma. We report a case of a 26-year-old nulliparous woman who developed stage III pelvic organ prolapse two decades after pelvic ring disruption. Abdominal wall cervicopexy was performed as a primary procedure by her attending local gynecologist. Recurrence occurred in early postoperative period following which she was referred to our institute. Examination revealed 5-cm pubic symphysis widening and stage III pelvic organ prolapse with deficient perineal body. Widened levator hiatus with atrophic pelvic floor muscles were confirmed on MRI. The patient was successfully managed by sacrospinous hysteropexy using predesigned vaginal mesh kit along with anterior colporrhaphy and colpoperineorrhaphy. Mesh exposure detected at the 6th year of follow-up required partial excision of the exposed mesh.     

What is the Gold Standard for Posterior Vaginal Wall Prolapse Repair: Mesh or Native Tissue?

Reports in the literature of high recurrence rates after native tissue repair for pelvic organ prolapse led to the development of alternative techniques, such as those using synthetic mesh. Transvaginal mesh (TVM) delivery systems were implemented in search of better outcomes. Despite reported recurrence as low as 7.1 % after posterior colporrhaphy, mesh kits were developed to correct posterior compartment prolapse. There is a paucity of data to substantiate better results with TVM for rectocele repair. Three randomized controlled trials comparing native tissue repair to synthetic mesh reported posterior compartment outcomes and two of these failed to show a significant difference between groups. Complications of TVM placement are not insignificant and mesh extrusion was reported in up to 16.9 %. Based on currently available data, native tissue repairs have similar outcomes to synthetic mesh without the risks inherent in mesh use and remain the standard of care for the typical patient.     

Central perineal hernia mimicking rectocele: a case report

Background A perineal hernia is a very rare clinical finding. Three forms are distinguished: anterior, posterior, and central. Diagnosis of the last one is difficult, and sometimes, it is falsely named a posterior rectocele. Aim This work presents a successfully treated case of central perineal hernia and makes a brief summary of existent literature on the problem. Presentation of the case We report of a 67-year-old female patient with a symptomatic central pelvic floor hernia. After radiological confirmation of the diagnosis, a transperitoneal approach was chosen to reposition the protruded segment of the small bowel. The hernial orifice was closed by extraperitoneal implantation of a polypropylene mesh. Discussion In the present case, the use of a laparoscopic technique seemed unsuitable due to the extension of the findings. For the repair of perineal hernia, we followed the principles of the “tension-free” concept. If there are no signs of a pelvic floor infection and if the mesh can be implanted totally extraperitoneally, we recommend the use of nonabsorbable alloplastic material (polypropylene) for reinforcement of the pelvic floor as a suitable technique for the repair of large perineal hernias.     

Repair of vaginal vault prolapse and pelvic floor relaxation using polypropylene mesh

AIMS: The sacrouterine ligament/cardinal (SULC) complex and prerectal fascia attach at the perineal body, forming a single support unit preventing levator descent. Many patients with vault prolapse have levator descent and widening of the hiatus. Existing transvaginal procedures do not address pelvic floor descent. We describe a technique utilizing polypropylene mesh to repair pelvic floor relaxation and prevent levator descent, along with restoration of the SULC complex in vaginal vault repair. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prospectively evaluated 50 patients who had a transvaginal mesh vault/posterior wall reconstruction. A T-shaped soft prolene mesh is prepared fixing the two arms of the mesh and recreating the SULC complex in support of the cuff. The vertical segment of the mesh is transferred over the prerectal fascia and secured to the pelvic floor musculature. The rectocele is repaired incorporating the mesh distally preventing pelvic floor descent. Surgical outcome was determined by patient self-assessment including quality of life (QoL) measure as well as pelvic examination using POP-Q staging. RESULTS: Mean age was 67 years. Mean follow-up was 6 months (range 3-12). There were no intraoperative complications. There have been two apical (4%) recurrences. Mean QoL score postoperatively on a 0-6 scale was 0.74 (0 = delighted, 1 = pleased). Pelvic floor descent has been repaired on all patients. Postoperative POP-Q reveals restoration of normal anatomy. CONCLUSIONS: We report a new technique that recreates the SULC complex in support of the vaginal vault with the aid of prolene mesh. It is the first transvaginal procedure described to reconstruct the pelvic floor in attempt to prevent pelvic floor descent.     

Repair of severe anterior vaginal wall prolapse (grade IV cystourethrocele)

The classical approach for the repair of severe anterior vaginal wall prolapse is the use of transvaginal colporrhaphy or, more recently, an abdominal paravaginal repair. Severe cystoceles develop from weaknesses of the levator sling and pubocervical fasciae resulting in 2 main anatomical changes: a central defect between the pubocervical fasciae, and a sliding herniation of the bladder and urethra (paravaginal defect). We developed a new transvaginal technique for the repair of large cystoceles (grade IV) extending outside of the introitus at rest, which includes repair of the central defect by anterior colporrhaphy, and repair of the paravaginal herniation of the bladder base and bladder neck by a needle suspension of these structures. We report our experience within a 5-year period in the treatment of 51 cases of severe bladder prolapse (grade IV cystoceles), 46 of which required this combined procedure regardless of preoperative stress urinary incontinence status. Five patients underwent anterior colporrhaphy as the only procedure, since they were continent and demonstrated a well supported bladder neck from a previous suspension operation. Other vaginal abnormalities should be repaired simultaneously to provide adequate pelvic floor support.     

腹腔镜完全腹膜外腹直肌后间隙成人脐疝修补术

目的探讨全腹腔镜下将补片置于腹膜前腹直肌后间隙进行脐疝修补效果。 方法沈阳军区总医院2015年6月至2017年11月,共完成腹腔镜完全腹膜外肌后间隙脐疝补片修补术9例,其中男性5例,女性4例,平均年龄48.2（28～70）岁,术中采用全腹腔镜在腹直肌后方分离腹膜前间隙及脐疝缺损区,关闭缺损后将补片置于腹直肌后间隙内进行修补,对患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。 结果9例患者均顺利完成手术,平均手术时间100 min（73～130 min）,术后平均住院时间1.8（1～3）d,发生脐部皮肤小面积坏死感染1例,脐部积液1例。无出血、肠梗阻、肠瘘等严重并发症,无复发及慢性疼痛。 结论采用腹腔镜完全腹膜外肌后间隙放置补片的方法进行脐疝修补是可行的,避免了腹腔内补片修补手术的不足,限于病例数原因,尚需进一步观察后续结果。该术式为脐疝的腔镜治疗提供了一个新的方法。     

传统阴式手术治疗盆腔脏器脱垂术后疗效研究

目的 评价我院传统阴式手术治疗盆腔脏器脱垂的效果,探讨导致手术后复发的危险因素. 方法 对我院2000年1月～2005年12月因中重度盆腔脏器脱垂行首次传统手术治疗(经阴道全子宫切除、阴道前后壁修补以及会阴修补)的73例进行回顾分析以及随访.问卷调查主观症状治愈、手术前后尿失禁情况,依据POP-Q(Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification)评分判定客观治愈情况.比较复发组与客观治愈组之间的差异. 结果 73例随访8～62个月,平均28.6月.主观治愈率94.5%(69/73),客观治愈率61.6%(45/73).单纯前壁膨出复发24.7%(18/73),单纯后壁膨出复发8.2%(6/73),同时存在阴道前壁以及后壁的膨出复发5.5%(4/73).无阴道穹隆脱垂或子宫脱垂.因复发二次手术2.7%(2/73).复发组与未复发组在手术时年龄、手术时是否绝经、手术前脱垂程度、是否伴慢性咳嗽等方面差异均无显著性(P＞0.05).手术后35例原有尿失禁患者中有17.1%(6/35)症状消失,5.7%(2/35)尿失禁加重.术前无尿失禁患者23.7%(9/38)手术后出现尿失禁.73例中共有11例手术后尿失禁加重. 结论 传统手术方式治疗中重度盆腔脏器脱垂,客观治愈率低,阴道前壁膨出复发率高.对前盆腔的修补以及对潜在的尿失禁的治疗应该引起足够重视.     

闭孔疝的临床特征与诊治分析：附10例报告

背景与目的 闭孔疝是临床较为罕见的腹外疝,老年女性由于盆底松弛等特点,易罹患此病。由于闭孔疝的疝环狭小缺乏弹性,患者多因嵌顿造成的急腹症就诊,一般在肠梗阻手术时发现。彻底缝闭半坚硬的疝环有一定困难,故疝易复发,再手术率高,使用修补材料可有效降低复发率。本文中笔者通过回顾收治的闭孔疝病例,分析总结闭孔疝的疾病特点及临床诊治方面经验体会,以期为该病的临床诊治提供参考。方法 回顾性总结2019年6月—2021年6月复旦大学附属华东医院和郑州大学附属郑州中心医院胃肠、疝和腹壁外科收治的10例闭孔疝患者的相关临床资料。结果 10例患者均为女性,年龄48 ~86岁,中位年龄（70.7±11.8）岁。所有患者术前接受腹盆腔CT扫描检查,发现2例左侧闭孔疝,8例右侧闭孔疝。术中证实嵌顿疝内容物中肠管8例,大网膜1例,腹膜外脂肪1例。全组病例中未有无张力修补的绝对禁忌患者,结合腹腔污染情况,2例使用生物补片,其余8例患者使用聚丙烯补片。6例完全在腔镜下完成,1例在腔镜下疝修补完成后观察肠管活力恢复欠佳中转开腹行肠切除,1例腔镜探查后中转开腹行肠切除及疝修补,2例患者腔镜不耐受直接行开腹探查并无张力修补术。手术时间50~120 min,平均75.5 min。术后1例患者死于围术期内科疾病合并症,其余患者顺利出院,住院时间3~28 d。术后6、12、18个月随访,均无复发及补片相关感染。结论 闭孔疝发病率低,起病隐匿容易发生嵌顿。腹盆腔CT扫描对此病诊断有较高价值。使用补片修补并恰当地固定有助于降低复发率。腹腔污染的情况下使用合成补片一期修补具有可行性,污染较重时生物补片更具优势。修补区域严重感染,应放弃使用补片修补。     

单纯经后路手术能否取代传统前路手术治疗胸腰椎严重爆裂骨折

[目的]探讨能否采用单纯后路手术取代传统前路手术来治疗严重胸腰椎爆裂骨折.[方法]2009年9月～ 2009年11月采用6只家猪T11～L3完整标本,行前路椎体切除后钛网加钉棒重建术(术1),后路椎体切除后单钛网加钉棒重建术(术2)和双钛网加钉棒重建术(术3)生物力学研究,分析即刻稳定性;在人尸体标本上行后路椎体切除后不同直径、长度钛网置入的解剖学研究,获取钛网最佳方向、长度及直径.2009年5月～2011年2月对McCormack评分≥7分的10例胸腰椎骨折病人行后路椎体切除、钛网加钉棒重建术,随访6～19个月,观察影像学及神经功能恢复情况.[结果]生物力学研究示术2、3在4N载荷下T12 ～L2各方向运动范围均较完整标本小,后伸运动中术3,1存在统计学差异.解剖学研究显示在T10、L1、L3中,钢管的平均最佳直径分别为1.54.1.94、1.96 cm,平均最佳长度分别为2.92、3.24,3.32 cm,斜向下前有利于钛网的置入.10例病人术后1周内伤椎前缘高度恢复至平均37.82 mm,占上下椎体高度的96.61％,Cobb角矫正至2.72°,7例钛网位置良好.末次随访上述指标不变,钛网未见移位;术后2周8例ASIA分级均有1～2级的恢复,末次随访未变.[结论]对严重胸腰椎爆裂骨折的治疗,单纯后路椎体切除后钛网加钉棒重建术可能取代传统前路手术,此术式能够一次完成固定、减压、复位、融合.