胸壁大块缺损外科重建71例报告

目的 探讨胸壁大块缺损后不同外科技术重建的效果.方法 1995年9月至2005年9月对71例不同病因的胸壁大块缺损患者采用多种方法 进行胸壁重建.骨性胸廓重建采用自体组织(肋骨条、阔筋膜、肌瓣)或人工材料(Dacron片、聚四氟乙烯网片 钛合金条、金属丝支架加大网膜片、Dacron和骨水泥构成的三明治式复合体).皮下软组织修复主要应用转移皮瓣、肌皮瓣或大网膜瓣.结果 全组无手术死亡和局部肿瘤复发,2例因感染摘除金属植入物.术后呼吸功能良好,无反常呼吸运动.结论 背阔肌瓣和大网膜瓣修复软组织效果较好,后者对因感染引起的胸壁缺损效果更佳.Dacron片和骨水泥构成的三明治式复合体适用于大块骨性胸廓缺损的重建.     

胸壁肿瘤的外科治疗

目的探讨胸壁肿瘤的切除和胸壁缺损的重建方法。方法自1985年7月至2004年10月对113例胸壁肿瘤患者进行了手术治疗,其中良性肿瘤47例,恶性肿瘤66例,48例肿瘤切除后遗留巨大胸壁缺损而采用转移肌瓣、钢丝网、有机玻璃、牛心包片和巴德复合补片等进行修复重建。结果全组无手术死亡,无严重并发症发生。恶性肿瘤术后1、3、5年生存率分别为73.1%(38/52),52.2%(24/46)和28.9%(11/38)。结论胸壁肿瘤不论良恶性均首选手术切除,恶性肿瘤应进行胸壁扩大切除并修复胸壁缺损,其效果满意。     

膨体聚四氟乙烯补片在胸壁重建中的应用

目的分析膨体聚四氟乙烯(Gore-Tex)补片在胸壁重建中的注意事项,总结临床应用经验。方法回顾性分析第二军医大学长海医院2001年1月至2010年l2月期间33例使用Gore-Tex补片进行修复巨大胸壁缺损的临床资料,男19例,女14例;平均年龄45.7(20～73)岁。根据肿瘤位置、大小选择不同的手术切口;术中尽量保留正常的胸壁软组织,骨性胸壁缺损采用Gore-Tex补片进行重建,软组织直接对拢缝合,全层胸壁缺损采用转移肌皮瓣覆盖创面。结果全组33例均手术顺利,围术期无死亡患者;恶性肿瘤25例,良性肿瘤8例,均被完整切除,切除瘤体直径8～20 cm。随访5～60个月,失访3例(9.09%),无排斥反应及反常呼吸,无异物感,感染率3%(1/33)。结论 Gore-Tex补片具有极佳的生物相容性,是安全有效的胸壁重建材料;选择合适的肌皮瓣覆盖补片,能够减少并发症发生。     

胸壁巨大肿瘤切除与修复重建

目的 探索胸壁巨大肿瘤切除与修复重建的方法及疗效。方法 回顾性分析2015年7月至2020年1月收治的4例胸壁巨大肿瘤的患者资料,其中软骨肉瘤2例,骨巨细胞瘤1例,乳腺癌转移1例。所有病例行肿瘤扩大切除,肿瘤切除后胸腔外露,2例采用补片+钛网重建,切口直接闭合,1例采用补片+背阔肌皮瓣修复创面,1例采用补片+钛网+背阔肌皮瓣重建。结果 1例患者术后切口感染经清创后好转。所有患者随访2～6年,均未见肿瘤复发及转移。无反常呼吸,无呼吸困难等不适。结论 胸壁巨大肿瘤切除困难,选择补片加钛网的重建方式更为合理安全,选择背阔肌皮瓣修复软组织缺损可取得良好效果。注重围手术期管理、多学科参与可使患者取得更好的疗效。     

胸壁肿瘤切除术胸壁缺损钛网重建五例

胸壁肿瘤的根治性大块切除所致的胸壁缺损必将破坏胸膜腔的密闭性和胸廓的坚固性与稳定性,容易导致血气胸、胸壁软化、反常呼吸及纵隔摆动、低氧血症、伤口和肺部感染、肺动脉栓塞等,严重影响呼吸循环功能。因此,对胸壁大块缺损必须予以妥善的修复。我院于2010年5月至2013年11月为5例胸壁肿瘤患者施行胸壁肿瘤扩大切除术,用钛网修补缺损,效果满意,现总结其临床经验。     

人工补片胸壁重建治疗胸壁巨大缺损

目的总结应用人工补片胸壁重建治疗胸壁巨大缺损的疗效。方法 2002年1月-2008年10月,收治14例胸壁肿瘤患者。男10例,女4例;年龄28～67岁,平均45岁。原发性肿瘤11例,转移性肿瘤3例。肿瘤位于前胸壁5例,后胸壁3例,侧胸壁6例。病程20～270 d。患者均行扩大根治切除术,切除2～5根肋骨,胸壁缺损范围9 cm×7 cm～17 cm×12 cm,采用单层或双层Marlex网片结合自体肌肉瓣覆盖重建胸壁。结果患者均顺利完成手术。术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合。胸壁无明显反常呼吸。14例均获随访,随访时间13～26个月,平均21个月。随访期间未出现与材料有关的宿主反应。患者胸壁无明显畸形,外观良好,呼吸运动时胸壁重建处无不适。1例因肿瘤复发伴肝脏转移死亡。结论人工补片胸壁重建治疗胸壁巨大缺损安全、有效。     

胸壁全层缺损的修复重建

目的探讨胸壁全层缺损的修复重建方法及疗效。方法 2006年1月-2010年12月,收治14例胸壁全层缺损患者。男8例,女6例;年龄23～65岁,平均42岁。恶性肿瘤切除术后继发胸壁全层缺损12例,乳腺癌术后继发放射性损伤1例,热压伤1例。缺损范围为8 cm×5 cm～26 cm×14 cm。所有患者均伴肋骨缺损(1～5根),3例伴胸骨缺损。术中10例患者应用涤纶网或聚四氟乙烯补片行骨性重建,4例未作骨性重建。分别采用双叶皮瓣、胸大肌肌皮瓣、背阔肌肌皮瓣、腹直肌肌皮瓣修复软组织缺损,皮瓣切取范围为10 cm×7 cm～25 cm×13 cm。供区直接拉拢缝合或游离植皮修复。结果术后2例发生创面愈合不良,经再次彻底清创、肌皮瓣修复和补充植皮后愈合;其余皮瓣均顺利成活,创面Ⅰ期愈合。术后患者均获随访,随访时间6～36个月,平均8个月。除1例骨肉瘤患者因肝转移于术后6个月死亡,其他肿瘤患者随访期间均无复发。热压伤患者未同期行胸壁骨性重建,术后5 d出现短暂轻度反常呼吸,其他患者术后胸廓稳定性良好,无明显反常呼吸及呼吸困难。结论根据胸壁缺损病因、面积和部位,单独或联合应用局部皮瓣或肌皮瓣进行胸壁软组织缺损修复,必要时应用人工材料行胸壁骨性重建,可有效修复严重胸壁全层缺损。     

胸壁肿瘤切除与重建方法探讨

目的探讨胸壁肿瘤切除及胸壁缺损修补重建的方法。方法回顾性分析7例胸壁肿瘤患者的临床资料,其中肋骨分化型软骨肉瘤、肋骨分化型骨肉瘤、肋骨骨巨细胞瘤及肋骨骨旁骨肉瘤各1例,肺癌胸壁转移癌2例,乳腺癌复发胸壁转移1例。行扩大根治切除4例,姑息性切除2例,限制性切除1例。切除肋骨1-3根,胸壁骨性缺损面积（4 cm×15 cm）-（15 cm×15 cm）。胸壁缺损重建6例：用部分膈肌修补加固下胸壁缺损1例,应用钢丝支架并腹壁转移肌皮瓣修补缺损1例,应用M arlex网片修补骨性缺损并同时覆盖周围肌肉瓣4例。1例限制性切除患者仅行拉拢缝合,未行胸壁重建。结果应用双层M arlex网片修补骨性缺损并同时覆盖周围肌肉瓣的3例术后胸壁稳定性满意,限制性切除的1例胸壁外观正常,余3例均出现反常呼吸。术后随访6例,时间5月-6年,4例原发性肋骨肿瘤患者均健在,3例转移癌患者死亡1例,失访1例,健在1例。结论依据胸壁缺损的位置和大小,应用双层聚丙烯网片结合自体肌肉瓣覆盖是修补重建胸壁的可靠方法 。     

胸壁肿块81例临床分析

目的 探讨胸壁肿块的诊断和治疗方法。方法 回顾性分析1996年12月至2007年1月间81例胸壁肿瘤患者的临床资料,其中良性肿瘤34例,恶性肿瘤23例,胸壁结核24例,均行胸片检查,阳性率85.2%（69/81）,75例行胸部CT检查,均有阳性发现（100%）。3例转移癌、1例恶性淋巴瘤、2例恶性间皮瘤、4例恶病质的结核患者未手术。34例良性肿瘤、20例胸壁结核患者行单纯切除术;17例恶性肿瘤患者行根治性切除术,其中16例切除后胸壁大块缺损者行M arlex网胸壁重建术。结果 全组无手术死亡,无严重并发症发生。随访78例,良性肿瘤有2例复发,恶性肿瘤术后平均生存时间为1.6（0.5-7）年。结论 CT对胸壁肿瘤的诊断具有较高的价值。胸壁肿瘤不论良恶性均首选手术切除,恶性肿瘤应进行胸壁扩大切除并修复胸壁缺损。     

胸壁重建材料的选择与评价

各类胸壁切除术 ,通常情况下包括 :①胸壁及胸膜肿瘤 (原发或转移性 )的切除 ,②胸壁严重且久治不愈的局灶性感染病变切除 ,③胸壁严重的放射性溃疡坏死灶的切除 ,④先天性胸廓畸形矫正术 ,⑤严重外伤伤口的清创等。而上述手术治疗后 ,常常造成胸壁深层组织甚至全层组织的大块缺损 ,进而破坏了胸廓的完整性、坚固性和稳定性 ,以及胸膜腔的密闭性 ,导致胸壁软化、反常呼吸、气胸及纵隔摆动等一系列病理生理改变 ,严重影响患者的呼吸循环功能 ,因此胸壁大块缺损的修复 ,胸壁稳定性的重建是一个十分重要的问题[1～ 2 ] 。大多数胸科医生认为 ,…     

胸壁缺损修补重建方法探讨

胸壁肿瘤切除后，缺损的修补与重建是手术成败的关键。重建时使用的材料多样，方法各异。我们总结７５例胸壁肿瘤术后缺损修补的经验，比较自体组织与替代品修补重建的优缺点，认为使用自体组织作为缺损重建材料优点为取材容易方便，术后不易感染，值得推荐。     

Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma of the chest wall: reconstruction with polypropylene mesh using a transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap

We report a case of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma of the chest wall. After resection, the chest wall defect was reconstructed using polypropylene mesh and a transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap. A 61-year-old woman presented with a 16-year history of a slow-growing mass underneath the right chest wall. After percutaneous biopsy, preoperative cytopathological examination of the large mass revealed dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma. The tumor was resected with a wide margin along with the chest wall including skin, the right seventh to tenth ribs, and part of the diaphragm. The chest wall defect was reconstructed with a polypropylene (Marlex) mesh sheet followed by a left-side transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap.     

胸壁肿瘤切除后的一期修复重建

目的 观察胸壁肿瘤切除术后胸壁缺损一期修复重建的临床效果。方法 1998年1月～2003年3月外科治疗胸壁肿瘤31例。男20例，女11例。年龄8～72岁。原发性胸壁肿瘤21例，肺癌侵犯胸壁6例，乳腺癌术后复发2例，放射性坏死和皮肤癌各1例。切除肋骨2～7根，平均3．6根。缺损面积20～220cm^2，平均97．1cm^2。合并肺切除10例，部分膈肌切除2例，胸骨下段切除1例。单纯软组织修复7例(背阔肌 大网膜，背阔肌肌皮瓣，背阔肌肌瓣)，单纯骨性重建5例(涤纶布或Prolene网)，骨性合并软组织修复19例(背阔肌、胸大肌、背阔肌 阔筋膜或大网膜，与涤纶布或Prolene网修复)。结果 术后发生并发症3例(9．7％)，其中切口感染1例，软组织与修复物之间积液2例。无手术死亡。26例获5～57个月随访，术后生存时间6～57个月，中位生存时间22个月。结论 胸壁肿瘤切除术后造成的巨大缺损，采用胸壁修复重建术可获得良好的临床效果。     

Full thickness chest wall reconstruction after tumor resection by myocutaneous flap

Full thickness chest wall defects result when a chest wall tumor resection is necessary. The feasibility of a reconstruction is sometimes unfamiliar to the oncologist or thoracic surgeon; this can be the reason for refusing the possibility of surgical resection or inappropriate coverage of the defect. Our experiences over the last 7 years in collaboration between plastic the thoracic surgical services, shows that it is generally possible to utilize a myocutaneous flap for reconstruction of even extensive full thickness chest wall defects. The reconstruction of any full thickness chest wall defect after tumor resection by myocutaneous flaps is almost always possible with low mortality, acceptable morbidity and good results, mechanically and aesthetically. The experience with the different reconstruction techniques clearly shows the preference for the latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap, but also emphazises that the other kinds of reconstruction must be kept in mind for special indications.     

Radical resection of a giant recurrent chondrosarcoma of the anterior chest wall

A 63-year-old woman presented with a giant anterior chest wall tumor. She had undergone an operation 5 years previously for sternal chondrosarcoma at another medical center. Here, the patient underwent further surgery: a radical en bloc resection of an 18 × 18 cm portion of her anterior chest wall was performed, including the proximal ends of both clavicles, the first three costochondral joints bilaterally, and the tumor mass. The large chest wall defect was reconstructed in two layers: the first with a polypropylene mesh and a pedicled latissimus dorsi muscle flap as the second. She is healthy 20 months postoperatively.     

Mesenchymoma of the chest wall in children

Benign chest wall mesenchymoma in children is an extremely rare disease. Only 20 patients have been reported in the world literature. We report a chest wall mesenchymoma in a 2-year-old boy who was admitted to the hospital after a routine chest roentgenogram showed a mass in the right upper chest wall. The patient was asymptomatic. Clinical examination was negative, but chest roentgenograms and computed tomography showed a mass in the right upper chest wall involving the third rib. A 2 x 2 x 1.5-cm tumor was excised totally with partial resection of the third rib. The histology of the lesion corresponded to a mesenchymoma (hamartoma) of the chest wall. Our patient has been followed up for 8 years without recurrence.     

Problems in resection of chest wall sarcomas.

To illustrate the problems of reconstruction in major chest wall resection, five patients with a variety of soft tissue tumors of the chest wall, located at different sites, are presented. Patients, who underwent a lateral or posterolateral chest wall resection required removal of two to five ribs sequentially as well as the adjacent soft tissue. Those who underwent an anterior chest wall resection required resection of the manubrium or the body of sternum as well as of adjacent costal cartilages. To prevent instability of the chest, herniation, and to minimize flailing, the chest defect was bridged with the use of Marlex mesh. Whenever possible, the omentum was brought into the chest cavity to increase the vascularity of the reconstruction. Since, in most instances, the tumors involved the skin because of previous damage from radiation therapy, extensive skin coverage was planned well in advance of resection. Pedicle skin flaps or rotation flaps were used to cover the skin defect. Ventilatory support by volume respirator, was required for three to four days. In all patients, the chest wall was completeley stable after three to six weeks.     

Chondrosarcoma of rib origin; report of a case

Chondrosarcoma of rib origin is rare. A 50-year-old man without symptom was pointed out an abnormal shadow on chest X-ray. Computed tomography (CT) showed a low density mass arising from the right chest wall, and a CT-guided needle aspiration biopsy disclosed the tumor consisted of cartilage matrix with a partial necrosis. We suspected the tumor to be a chondrosarcoma of rib origin and performed a wide resection with the right 3rd and 4th ribs. The defect of the chest wall was repaired with double prolene mesh. Histological examination revealed grade 2 chondrosarcoma. Postoperative course has been uneventful for 25 months.     

Substitution of an extensive defect of tissues after resection of the sternum in tumors

An original method of substitution of great defect of the soft tissues and osteochondral part of the chest wall after resection of the sternum for a malignant tumor is described. Operations were made on 4 patients. Favorable results were noted in all the patients. The terms of follow-up were from 6 to 25 months.