一期前后路颈椎减压治疗钳夹型脊髓型颈椎病

目的观察一期前后路颈椎减压治疗钳夹型脊髓型颈椎病的临床效果。方法采用一期前后路颈椎减压手术方式治疗16例钳夹型脊髓型颈椎病,其中发育性颈椎管狭窄合并颈椎间盘突出11例,退变性颈椎管狭窄合并颈椎间盘突出5例。术前和术后通过神经功能JOA评分、颈椎动态侧位X线片、颈椎MRI评估临床疗效。结果患者术后3、6、24个月,JOA评分平均改善率分别为62.2%,69.4%,78%,MRI示颈髓压迫解除。结论一期前后路颈椎减压治疗钳夹型脊髓型颈椎病是一种有效可行的手术方法。     

改良颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的疗效观察

目的比较改良颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术与传统颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2016-05—2019-03诊治的80例多节段脊髓型颈椎病,40例采用改良颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗(改良组),40例采用传统颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗(传统组)。比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、术后出现轴性症状数以及末次随访时的疼痛VAS评分、JOA评分、JOA评分改善率、Tsuji轴性症状评分。结果 80例均顺利完成手术,随访时间平均15.0(7～28)个月。改良组术后出现轴性症状数、术中出血量较对照组少,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组手术时间、住院时间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。末次随访时2组疼痛VAS评分、JOA评分、JOA评分改善率、Tsuji轴性症状评分比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论改良颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术与传统颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病均能取得满意的临床疗效,但前者能有效降低术中出血量,简化手术步骤,术后可有效减少轴性症状的发生率。     

颈椎后路三种手术方式对改善多节段颈椎病生理曲度及疗效的远期观察

[目的]本研究通过回顾性分析行颈椎后路手术的多节段脊髓型颈椎病合并后纵韧带骨化(ossificationofposteriorlongitudinalligament.OPLL)患者的颈椎曲率变化、JOA评分改善率以及颈肩轴性痛VAS评分改善率,比较颈椎后路三种手术方式对改善颈椎曲度、神经功能及轴性症状的远期影响.[方法]根据手术方式分三组:A组颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术29例,B组颈椎后路全椎板切除术23例,C组颈椎后路全椎板切除侧块螺钉内固定术26例,记录术前、术后的颈椎曲度、JOA评分及轴性症状等.[结果]JOA评分改善率:3组患者术后与术前相比均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).末次随访时c组最高.颈椎曲度改善率:C组最好,A组次之,B组最差.并发症发生情况:在轴性症状上,3组的VAS评分两两比较有统计学意义(P＜0.05),B组最高,A组次之,C组最低.[结论]采用颈椎后路三种手术方式治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病合并OPLL均能达到良好的疗效.颈椎后路全椎板切除侧块螺钉内固定术可有效改善神经功能,恢复和保持颈椎曲度,降低轴性症状及C5神经根麻痹发生率.     

发育性颈椎管狭窄合并脊髓型颈椎病的手术治疗

目的探讨发育性颈椎管狭窄合并颈椎病的安全、有效、合理的治疗方法.方法回顾性分析并对109例发育性颈椎管狭窄合并脊髓型颈椎病的治疗进行总结,其中采用Cloward环锯法手术20例,采用颈椎体次全切除治疗62例,采用单开门颈椎管扩大成形术27例.前路手术同期均采取自体髂骨植骨融合.结果 109例中95例获12～76个月的随访,平均随访36个月,优良率81.1%,改善率3.7%～84%,平均73.4%,无脊髓、神经根或椎动脉损伤等并发症的发生.结论对于发育性颈椎管狭窄合并脊髓型颈椎病前路、后路各种术式有着各自不同的适应证,选择合理的治疗手段十分重要.     

前后路联合颈椎管扩大成形术治疗脊髓型颈椎病

目的 评价前后路联合颈椎管扩大成形术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的临床效果。方法 回顾性分析2001～2005年间应用该术式治疗的48例脊髓型颈椎病患者。术后随访观察植骨融合率,椎间高度维持情况及其并发症。术前和术后通过神经功能JOA评分,颈部轴性症状和颈椎动态侧位片,颈椎MRI进行比较临床疗效。 结果 全部病例均获得随访,平均随访时间28个月。全部患者随访3月,6月,12月,24月JOA评分平均优良率分别为：75.0％, 81.3%, 85.4%, 89.6%。结论 前后入路治疗严重脊髓型颈椎病能彻底减压及提高植骨融合率,并有效的维持椎间高度,避免了因骨的再吸收造成椎间塌陷引起的继发神经功能损害;只要严格的掌握手术的适应证,遵循手术的操作原则,绝大多数的手术并发症均可避免发生。因此,该方法在治疗严重脊髓型颈椎病的一种较理想的治疗方法。     

颈椎后路单开门联合前路选择性减压融合治疗多节段钳夹型脊髓型颈椎病的临床疗效

目的探讨颈椎后路译开门联合前路选择性减压融合治疗多节段钳夹型脊髓型颈椎病的临床疗效。方法回顾分析2009—03—2012-06我科收治的24例钳夹型脊髓型颈椎病患者的资料,对比分析术前,末次随访．10A评分并观察颈部症状和活动情况。结果术前JOA评分平均8．7分,末次随访JOA评分平均14．9分．改善率74．4％,术后CT片示：植骨愈合良好,柞管矢状径明显扩大,MRI示脊髓受压解除。结论对于多节段钳夹型脊髓型颈椎病施行一期前后联合减压融合手术治疗疗效满意。     

伊藤法"单开门"颈椎椎管扩大椎板成形术及其临床应用

目的：总结伊藤法“单开门”颈椎椎管扩大椎板成形术的临床应用效果。方法：对123例发育性颈椎管狭窄症、连续性颈椎后纵韧带骨化（OPLL）及多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者行伊藤法“单开门”颈椎椎管扩大椎板成形术，于开门侧将植骨块通过钢丝或尼龙线固定于掀起的椎板和小关节间。87例患者随访2～14年，平均5.3年。结果：术前JOA评分平均9.1分，随访时JOA评分平均14.4分，改善率平均为67.0%，其中优44例（50.6%，良26例（29.9%），可11例（12.6%），差6例（6.9%）。术后侧位X线片示椎管直径扩大1.5～7.0mm，平均4.1mm，椎管扩大率为15%～100%,平均40%，术后CT示植骨愈合良好，无再关门现象，MRI示脊髓受压解除。并发症包括轴性症状（颈部疼痛或僵硬57例次），神经根麻痹（4例次）及颈部活动受限（旋转、过伸、屈曲或侧屈受限115例次）等。结论：伊藤法“单开门”颈椎椎管扩大椎板成形术是治疗发育性颈椎管狭窄症、连续性颈椎后纵韧带骨化（OPLL）及多节段脊髓型颈椎病安全有效的手术方法，椎管扩大稳定持久，但其并发症有待于进一步解决。     

前后联合入路治疗严重脊髓型颈椎病的临床疗效评价

目的评价前后联合入路脊髓减压椎管扩大成形术治疗严重脊髓型颈椎病的临床疗效。方法选取我院2007年9月至2013年3月应用该术式的38例严重脊髓型颈椎病病例,其中男性22例,女性16例,年龄56~82岁,平均(71±8)岁。术后通过日本骨科协会(Japanese orthopaedic association,JOA)评分、颈部轴性症状、并发症以及影像学来评价手术效果。结果 38例病例获得了完整的随访,都至少随访了24个月(24~36个月)。根据术后JOA评分,术后优良率92.1%(35/38),术后急性期并发症为21%(8/38),远期并发症仅2.6%(1/38),术后颈椎正侧位片显示颈椎曲度良好,对位正常,术后MRI显示脑脊液通畅。结论前后联合入路脊髓减压椎管扩大成形术能够在一期同时完成脊髓的充分减压和颈椎稳定性的重建,用于治疗严重脊髓型颈椎病能够收获良好的治疗效果,是一种较为理想的手术方式。     

颈后路单开门椎管成形术治疗脊髓型颈椎病

目的:观察颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形术对颈椎管狭窄合并钳夹型脊髓型颈椎病的临床效果和可行性。方法:采用颈后路椎管扩大成形术治疗颈椎管狭窄合并钳夹型脊髓型颈椎病30例,男19例,女11例,常规C3-C7减压,棘突打孔10号线固定在门轴侧侧块关节囊上12例,门轴侧C3、C5、C7侧块螺钉固定悬吊椎板18例,术前和术后通过日本骨科学会JOA评分(17分法)评估临床疗效。结果:30例均获得随访,随访时间6～76个月,平均25个月。按照JOA评分:优8例,良14例,可6例,差2例,优良率73.33%(22/30)。其中3例术后3个月内发生C4或C5神经根麻痹,经保守治疗痊愈。2例在2年内因疗效不佳再行前路手术。结论:颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗颈椎管狭窄合并钳夹型脊髓型颈椎病是一种简单、有效可行的方法,尤其适应于老年人。     

纳米人工椎板在颈椎后路减压椎管重建手术中的临床应用研究

[目的]评估颈椎后路减压手术中应用纳米人工骨重建椎管后临床症状的改善和影像学变化。[方法]观察组30例多节段脊髓型颈椎病行颈椎后路减压人工椎板椎管重建术,对照组38例多节段脊髓型颈椎病行颈椎后路双开门椎管扩大成形术。两组术后平均随访25个月。比较两组的手术时间、术中出血量、术前术后JOA(日本矫形外科学会)评分,轴性症状及C5神经根麻痹的发生情况,颈椎X线片及CT了解椎管矢状径扩大情况及人工椎板融合情况。[结果]观察组手术时间平均92 min,术中出血量平均316 ml,低于对照组,有1例发生C5神经根麻痹。两组在手术时间、出血量及C5神经根麻痹的发生方面比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组术后JOA评分改善率为74.3%,3例出现轴性症状,理疗治疗后好转。术后各节段椎管矢状径皆超过14 mm,术后1年和2年人工骨骨性融合率分别为43.3%和71.1%。两组在JOA评分改善率、轴性症状发生率、椎管矢状径扩大及植骨融合方面比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。[结论]在颈椎后路全椎板切除减压手术中应用纳米人工椎板重建颈椎管效果良好,获得与颈椎后路双开门椎管扩大成形术相同的治疗效果,而且具有手术时间短、术中出血少及并发症较少的优点。     

Expansive laminoplasty for myelopathy in ossification of the longitudinal ligament

Laminectomy, which had long been used for treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy, including ossification of the longitudinal ligament in the cervical spine, had numerous complications such as postoperative malalignment of the cervical spine and vulnerability of the spinal cord caused by total removal of the posterior structures. In 1977 Hirabayashi devised an open door expansive laminoplasty, which is a relatively easier and safer procedure than laminectomy, that eliminated such problems by preserving the posterior elements. The decompression effect of the expansive laminoplasty against a compressed spinal cord is comparable with that of laminectomy and anterior decompression followed by fusion, whereas the expansive laminoplasty has no structural problems and adverse effects on adjacent disc levels that often are associated with anterior decompression followed by fusion. Average recovery rate of expansive laminoplasty for cervical spondylotic myelopathy has been reported to be approximately 60% (Japanese Orthopaedic Association score) and with long term stability. At present, authors consider all patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy candidates for expansive laminoplasty except for those having preoperative kyphosis and single level lesion without canal stenosis. Two remaining problems of expansive laminoplasty to be solved are prevention of C5,C6 radicular pain and/or paresis, the most frequent complication that occurs in approximately 5% to 10% of the patients, although most complications resolve spontaneously within 2 years, and correction of nonlordotic alignment to lordosis which are essential for posterior decompression effect of expansive laminoplasty by allowing the spinal cord to shift dorsally.     

颈椎后方韧带复合体也许是多节段颈椎病后路手术的新思路

颈椎病是影响国人乃至全人类最常见的脊柱退行性疾患之一,颈椎病会给病人带来极大的不适和生活困扰。后路减压手术是治疗颈椎病,尤其是多节段颈椎病变最常用的手术方式。然而,后路手术需将颈椎棘突和附着在其上的棘上、棘间韧带部分或完全切除,从而破坏了颈椎后方韧带复合体的功能,术后病人易出现颈椎反曲、鹅颈畸形、颈椎失稳,甚至出现迟发性脊髓神经受压。所以,近年来越来越多的研究开始集中于避免破坏颈椎后方韧带复合体,国内外学者从集中术式改良和手术入路改良两方面进行了一些研究,均直接或间接的证明了保留颈椎后方韧带复合体的手术方式具有更好的治疗效果。故本文就近年来保留颈椎后方韧带复合体的术式研究作一综述,希望能为未来多节段退变性颈椎病后路的治疗提供一个新的思路。     

Quantitative assessment of surgical decompression of the cervical spine with cine phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging

OBJECTIVE: We measured cerebrospinal fluid flow velocity by use of cine phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging to quantitate the effectiveness of surgical decompression in patients with cervical myelopathy. METHODS: Forty-seven patients with cervical myelopathy attributable to either spondylosis or ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament were studied. Thirty-five patients underwent anterior cervical decompression and fusion; 12 others underwent expansive laminoplasty. Patients were examined preoperatively and postoperatively by use of a 1.5-T scanner with a pulse-gated cine phase contrast sequence. Cerebrospinal fluid flow direction and velocity in the ventral subarachnoid space were determined at the C1 and T1 levels. Forty-four healthy control subjects were examined to determine normal flow velocity parameters. Severity of cervical myelopathy was evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively by use of Japan Orthopedic Association scores to calculate the extent of recovery. RESULTS: Preoperatively, cerebrospinal fluid flow velocity in the caudal direction was significantly lower at both C1 and T1 than velocities measured in healthy controls. Both decompressive procedures essentially returned patient velocities to control values. Clinical recovery from myelopathy did not differ between anterior and posterior decompression. Postoperative increase in flow velocity correlated with clinical recovery after posterior (P < 0.0008) but not anterior decompression. CONCLUSION: Cine phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging provides quantitative assessment of cervical spine decompression, with particularly good clinical applicability to posterior procedures.     

Cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Approaches to surgical treatment

Cervical spondylotic myelopathy is the leading cause of spinal cord dysfunction in older patients. This review article looks at the natural history of the condition and examines the role of different surgical treatments for it. Anterior and posterior surgical approaches have a role in the treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy dependent on the number of levels involved and the alignment of the spine. Anterior decompression and fusion is useful in patients who have disease at three or fewer levels or in patients with kyphotic alignment. In more extensive disease, a posterior decompression and fusion is usually best. Canal expansive laminoplasty is useful in the treatment of myelopathy without radiculopathy in a patient with lordotic alignment. With the exception of laminoplasty, nonfusion procedures have little role in the treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy.     

神经根型颈椎病的手术治疗

目的 探讨神经根型颈椎病（cervical spondylotic rad icu lopathy,CSR）的手术指征和手术方式。方法 观察CSR 16例,行颈椎前路椎间盘切除及植骨融合10例,行后路手术6例,其中单纯椎间孔减压2例,单开门椎管扩大成形加神经根管减压4例。16例患者中有8例加行颈椎钛板固定。结果 14例获随访,平均3年4个月（6月-10年）。根据M acnab疗效评价标准,优10例,良3例,可1例,优良率92.9%。结论 前路减压术或后路成形扩大术治疗严重的CSR能获得比较满意的疗效。     

Cervical laminoplasty to enlarge the spinal canal in multilevel ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament with myelopathy

We studied 23 patients with severe myeloradiculopathy involving multiple (more than three) levels of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) of the cervical spine, who were treated with laminoplasty to enlarge the spinal canal. The resected spinous processes were used as bone grafts to support the opened laminae. These patients were analyzed pre- and postoperatively with a neurological evaluation according to the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score system for cervical myelopathy. Follow-up was from 2.0 to 5.3 years with an average of 31.5 months. The results were compared with those in 31 patients with the same degree (multilevel) of OPLL who had been operated upon previously by laminectomy (14 cases) or anterior resection (17 cases). Postoperative neurological recovery by improvement ratio of the JOA score was observed in 81.2% of those who had undergone expansive laminoplasty, in 72.4% of those with laminectomy, and in 63.6% of those with anterior decompression. We concluded that expansive laminoplasty is a safer procedure with fewer complications. Stability is achieved by fixing the expanded laminae permanently with a bone graft. The neurological recovery following our technique of laminoplasty and fusion appears to be superior to that with laminectomy or anterior decompression.     

脊髓型颈椎病手术治疗53例临床总结

１９９２年１１月～１９９６年８月手术治疗脊髓型颈椎病５３例。优良率９２４％。手术方法包括颈前、后方减压及椎板成形术。前路手术适于Ｃ３,４以下１～２个椎间病变的减压。广泛椎板切除可致鹅颈畸形及晚期脊髓损害。改良单开门棘突骨支撑植骨椎管扩大成形术及植骨的双开门椎管扩大成形术较为合理     

颈椎管扩大成形术的术式及有关问题探讨

应用颈椎管扩大成形术治疗１６例颈椎疾患，其中发育性颈椎管狭窄症６例、多椎间隙颈椎间盘病７例、颈椎后纵韧带骨化症３例。８例行双开门式颈椎管扩大成形术，３例双开门式十中央植骨固定术，５例行单开门式颈椎管扩大成形术，本组病例经５个月以上（平均１５个月）随访，疗效满意。作者认为经后路多节段颈椎管扩大成形术既能获得有效的脊髓减压，又能维持颈椎的稳定性。     

增生后纵韧带切除扩大减压治疗脊髓型颈椎病

目的：观察颈椎前路增生后纵韧带切除治疗脊髓型颈椎病的疗效。方法：设计后纵韧带切除术式及相应器械,在颈椎前路前骨减压基础上切除增生肥厚的后纵韧带,行扩大减压并植骨融合治疗脊髓型颈椎病59例。根据JOA评分判定脊髓功能恢复程度及恢复率。结果：随访6－32个月,神经功能恢复率为64％－100％。结论：颈椎前路切骨减压后行增生后纵韧带切除使病变节段减压更加彻底,有利于脊髓型颈椎病患者的神经功能恢复。     

Vertex钉棒系统应用于颈椎单开门椎管扩大椎板成形术疗效分析

目的评价Vertex钉棒系统在颈椎单开门椎管扩大椎板成形术中临床应用价值及近期疗效。方法 2008年2月-2010年1月,对28例颈椎疾病患者行后路单开门椎管扩大椎板成形术,开门侧应用侧块螺钉(Vertex钉棒系统)固定,对侧掀开椎板用棘突椎板螺钉(Vertex钉棒系统)固定。男16例,女12例;年龄42～77岁,平均61.3岁。脊髓型颈椎病15例,后纵韧带骨化症5例,颈椎病伴椎管狭窄8例。病程2个月～11年。手术开门减压节段均为C3～7。记录手术时间、术中出血量,采用日本骨科协会(JOA)17分法评定神经功能,并进行颈椎曲度及椎板开门角度测量。结果手术时间为(142.5±22.8)min,术中出血量为(288.2±55.1)mL。患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合。28例均获随访,随访时间14～25个月,平均22个月。术后1周及1年CT示所有患者均无再关门现象,钉棒系统位置良好,无松动、拔出和断裂;术后1年门轴侧骨性融合率为89.3%(25/28)。术后1周及1年JOA评分改善率分别为29.5%±15.0%和64.9%±28.1%,差异有统计学意义(t=0.810,P=0.000)。所有患者均未出现C5神经根麻痹现象。术前、术后1周及1年的颈椎曲度分别为(24.29±5.04)、(23.89±3.57)、(23.41±3.35)°,各时间点间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后1周及1年椎板开门角度分别为(27.90±4.74)°和(28.07±4.21)°,比较差异无统计学意义(t=—0.176,P=0.862)。结论 Vertex钉棒系统可以有效防止单开门椎管扩大椎板成形术后再关门,减少颈椎曲度的丢失,近期疗效满意。