青少年分化型甲状腺癌的误诊分析

我科1990-04～2002-07共收治青年人分化型甲状腺癌27例,只有8例术前得以确诊,术前误诊率70%,现根据本组资料对青少年分化型甲状腺癌的误诊原因进行分析讨论.     

局部晚期分化型甲状腺癌的外科治疗

甲状腺癌有0．9％～22％直接侵犯周围组织,其中多数是分化型癌肿。侵犯超过4个颈部淋巴结组织者预后不佳。分化型甲状腺癌侵犯周围组织时,其基本治疗原则是尽可能切除病变组织,保持颈部结构的完整性,若切缘阴性,则预后较好,且有利于术后放射性碘治疗。手术范围取     

分化型甲状腺癌再手术38例分析

对我院2000-01～2005-01分化型甲状腺癌再手术38例分析如下。1临床资料 1．1 一般资料本组男10例，女28例．男：女=1：2．8，再手术年龄15～69岁，中位年龄39岁．其中有35例在外院诊断为甲状腺良性病变，而分别施行甲状腺肿瘤剜除术8例．甲状腺部分切除术21例．单侧甲状腺次全切术6例。术后病理示：甲状腺乳头状癌28例，滤泡状癌7例。     

血流信号外延评估分化型甲状腺癌后被膜外侵犯

目的 观察血流信号外延评估分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)后被膜外侵犯的价值。方法 纳入290例经手术病理证实的DTC患者，观察术前结节被膜外受侵位置及其超声表现，包括结节大小、形态及有无血流信号外延、接触被膜、突出被膜外及被膜连续性中断等，并与病理所见进行对比。结果 290例DTC患者中，18例(18/290,6.21%)存在前被膜外受侵，26例(26/290,8.97%)后被膜外受侵；后者T分期及淋巴结转移率均高于前者(P均<0.05)。血流信号外延评估DTC后被膜外受侵的敏感度为76.92%,特异度为92.42%,阴性预测值为97.60%,准确率为91.03%。44例存在被膜外受侵的DTC患者中，25例(25/44,56.82%)轻度受侵，19例(19/44,43.18%)重度受侵，轻、重度被膜外受侵DTC超声表现差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论 血流信号外延可用于评估DTC后被膜外受侵。     

老年分化型甲状腺癌术后131I治疗及其临床价值

目的 探讨131I治疗老年分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)的疗效和预后影响因素.方法 37例患者均已接受手术治疗,经术后病理学诊断确诊为甲状腺乳头状癌及其亚型,其中22例伴有淋巴结转移,9例合并有远处转移.术后和停服左旋甲状腺素片3～4周后行131I治疗,两次治疗间隔3～6个月.定期复查血清FT3、FT4、TSH、TgAb、Tg、血常规及肝肾功能等指标以及超声、CT及MR等相关影像学检查.结果 131I治疗后随访1～45个月,20例部分缓解,17例稳定,未出现复发及新的转移灶.结论 老年DTC术后易复发及远处转移,预后较差,年龄、原发灶的外侵和远处转移是影响其预后的重要因素.术后行131I治疗可明显改善预后,提高患者的生存质量.     

外科治疗分化型甲状腺癌50例分析

目的 研究分化型甲状腺癌的手术方式及疗效.方法 回顾分析50例分化型甲状腺癌患者的临床诊治经过及术后随访资料.结果 50例均行甲状腺切除术.手术后随访时间1～10 a,中位随访时间5 a.总的5 a生存率为95％,10 a生存率为90％.结论 手术切除是治疗分化型甲状腺癌的主要方法;选择适当的手术方式可避免术后短期内再手术;对局部复发病灶进行再手术治疗,仍可获得良好的效果.     

儿童与青少年分化型甲状腺癌术后行131Ⅰ治疗的疗效分析

目的 探讨儿童及青少年分化型甲状腺癌131Ⅰ治疗的疗效.方法 本研究中共37例患者,男17例,女20例,年龄5～19岁,平均15.6岁.所有患者均已行甲状腺全切或近全切及颈部淋巴结清扫术,经术后病理学诊断确诊为甲状腺乳头状癌及其亚型,均符合131Ⅰ治疗适应证.在术后或停服左旋甲状腺素片3～4周后行131Ⅰ内照射靶向治疗,两次131Ⅰ治疗间隔3～6个月.患者定期复查血清甲状腺素(FT3与FT4)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)、甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TGAb)、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)、甲状腺球蛋白(Tg)、血常规及肝肾功能等实验室检查,以及超声、CT及:MRI:等相关影像学检查.结果 131Ⅰ治疗后随访1～35个月(中位时间21.3个月),无瘤生存1例,病情明显缓解24例,病情稳定12例,未出现复发及新的转移灶.结论 儿童及青少年分化型甲状腺癌易转移及复发,年龄≤15岁、原发灶的外侵、累及双侧腺叶和远处转移是影响分化型甲状腺癌患者预后的重要因素,此类患者术后应行131Ⅰ治疗,可明显改善患者的预后,提高其生存质量.     

儿童与青少年分化型甲状腺癌术后行131I治疗的疗效分析

目的探讨儿童及青少年分化型甲状腺癌131I治疗的疗效。方法本研究中共37例患者,男17例,女20例,年龄5～19岁,平均15.6岁。所有患者均已行甲状腺全切或近全切及颈部淋巴结清扫术,经术后病理学诊断确诊为甲状腺乳头状癌及其亚型,均符合131I治疗适应证。在术后或停服左旋甲状腺素片3～4周后行131I内照射靶向治疗,两次131I治疗间隔3～6个月。患者定期复查血清甲状腺素（FT3与FT4）、促甲状腺激素（TSH）、甲状腺球蛋白抗体（TGAb）、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体（TPOAb）、甲状腺球蛋白（Tg）、血常规及肝肾功能等实验室检查,以及超声、CT及MRI等相关影像学检查。结果 131I治疗后随访1～35个月（中位时间21.3个月）,无瘤生存1例,病情明显缓解24例,病情稳定12例,未出现复发及新的转移灶。结论儿童及青少年分化型甲状腺癌易转移及复发,年龄≤15岁、原发灶的外侵、累及双侧腺叶和远处转移是影响分化型甲状腺癌患者预后的重要因素,此类患者术后应行131I治疗,可明显改善患者的预后,提高其生存质量。     

分化性甲状腺癌的治疗

甲状腺癌中分化性甲状腺癌(Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma,DTC)包括甲状腺乳头状癌(Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma,PTC)和滤泡状癌(Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma,FTC)占90％左右,美国国家癌症资料库(National Cancer DataBase)资料显示乳头状癌占80％,滤泡状癌占     

分化型甲状腺癌再手术162例分析

目的探讨甲状腺癌首次误诊治再手术的适应证及手术方式。方法对1991-2005年分化型甲状腺癌162例首次外院术式不当再手术进行分析。结果行患侧甲状腺残叶+峡部切除者121例,行患侧甲状腺残叶+峡部切除+功能性颈淋巴结清扫术40例,双叶甲状腺癌根治术14例。再手术病理证实癌残留83例(52.86%),颈淋巴结转移38例(23.45%),随访5 a,至今均生存。结论甲状腺癌行局部肿块切除术,残癌率高,再手术是必需的。术中应常规行冰冻病理检查,是避免甲状腺癌再手术关键。     

Clinical evaluation of a novel respiratory rate monitor

Respiratory rate has been shown to be an important predictor of cardiac arrest, respiratory adverse events and intensive care unit admission and has been designated a vital sign. However it is often inadequately monitored in hospitals. We test the hypothesis that RespiraSense, a piezoelectric-based novel respiratory rate (RR) monitor which measures the differential motion of the chest and abdomen during respiratory effort, is not inferior to commonly used methods of respiratory rate measurement. Respiratory rate was compared between the developed RespiraSense device and both electrocardiogram and direct observation by nursing staff. Data was collected from 48 patients admitted to the post-anaesthesia care unit in a tertiary level hospital. The primary outcome measure was difference in average RR calculated over a 15 min interval between (1) RespiraSense and ECG and (2) RespiraSense and nurses’ evaluation. The secondary outcome measure was the correlation between the respiratory rates measured using these three methods. The 95 % confidence interval for the difference in average RR between RespiraSense and ECG was calculated to be [?3.9, 3.1]. The 95 % confidence interval for the difference in average RR between RespiraSense and nurses’ evaluation was [?5.5, 4.3]. We demonstrate a clinically relevant agreement between RR monitored by the RespiraSense device with both ECG-derived and manually observed RR in 48 post-surgical patients in a PACU environment.     

Admission for syncope: evaluation, cost and prognosis

BACKGROUND: Despite extensive in-hospital evaluation the cause of syncope remains unexplained in up to 40% of patients. AIMS: To determine the application and cost of diagnostic tests, cost of hospital stay, success of evaluation and prognosis of patients admitted via the emergency department after syncope. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study including all consecutive patients admitted via the emergency department for evaluation of syncope between 1 January 1994 and 31 December 1998. The findings obtained from clinical history, physical examination and diagnostic tests were reviewed systematically. The costs of specific tests and hospital stay were analysed. Patients were followed until 31 December 1998. RESULTS: 127 patients underwent a median of 4 diagnostic tests (interquartile range, 3 to 6) over 12 days (IQR 8 to 17). The overall median cost of syncope evaluation was 106,728 ATS/7,756 EUR (IQR 70,860 to 143,583 ATS) per patient; the cost of diagnostic tests per patient was 6,863 ATS/499 EUR (IQR 3,345 to 11,969 ATS); hospital maintenance and in-hospital care accounted for the major part of these costs [median 97,680 ATS/7,099 EUR (IQR 65,120 to 138,380 ATS)]. At the time of hospital discharge, syncope remained unexplained in 48 patients (38%). The strength of agreement between the emergency department diagnosis and the discharge diagnosis was moderate (kappa = 0.49, 95% confidence interval 0.36 to 0.61). None of the patients had recurrent syncope or died during the hospital stay. Within the first 30 days after the index event 2 patients (2%) died due to known pre-existing diseases. CONCLUSION: The emergency department diagnosis markedly influenced the work-up of syncope, but not the cost of evaluation. The moderate diagnostic yield, high cost of in-hospital evaluation and good short term prognosis indicate the need for alternative strategies of in-hospital evaluation.     

Febrile seizures: risks, evaluation, and prognosis

Febrile seizures are common in the first five years of life, and many factors that increase seizure risk have been identified. Initial evaluation should determine whether features of a complex seizure are present and identify the source of fever. Routine blood tests, neuroimaging, and electroencephalography are not recommended, and lumbar puncture is no longer recommended in patients with uncomplicated febrile seizures. In the unusual case of febrile status epilepticus, intravenous lorazepam and buccal midazolam are first-line agents. After an initial febrile seizure, physicians should reassure parents about the low risk of long-term effects, including neurologic sequelae, epilepsy, and death. However, there is a 15 to 70 percent risk of recurrence in the first two years after an initial febrile seizure. This risk is increased in patients younger than 18 months and those with a lower fever, short duration of fever before seizure onset, or a family history of febrile seizures. Continuous or intermittent antiepileptic or antipyretic medication is not recommended for the prevention of recurrent febrile seizures.     

以尿素清除率为依据对透析器复用次数和清除效果的初步探讨

目的探讨高通量F50透析器和F6透析器的复用次数及其溶质清除效果。方法通过在线尿素清除率监测(OCM)测定60例患者,在其使用F50和F6透析器第1次及其复用第3、6、9次时Kt/V值的变化及透析器血室容积(Tcv)的数值。并对部分患者检测了透析前后血清尿素水平计算了Kt/V值。结果60例使用F50透析器的患者在第1次使用及其复用中,Kt/V值相互间比较均差异无显著。复用的F50透析器质量检测也全部合乎要求。使用F6透析器的患者在第1次使用及其复用中,Kt/V值相互间比较也均无显著下降。但F6透析器在复用至第9次时约90%的Tcv下降≥20%。检测的Kt/V值与OCM监测的Kt/V值比较无明显差别。结论F50透析器复用至第9次时,其质量和清除效果无明显改变。F6透析器复用至第9次时Kt/V值与第1次使用时比较下降无统计学差异,但大多透析器Tcv下降≥20%,故F6透析器复用不应用超过9次。     

超声心动图诊断胎儿右位主动脉弓及预后评估

目的探讨超声心动图诊断胎儿右位主动脉弓(RAA)及其在预后评估中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析经超声心动图诊断为胎儿RAA的25名单胎孕妇资料.7胎引产终止妊娠,对其中4胎进行胎儿尸体检查.对18胎继续妊娠者,于产后1个月内对患儿行超声心动图、MR或 CT检查,并临床随访半年,观察患儿有无反复发作的气管或食管受压症状.结果 19胎为RAA伴左位动脉导管、迷走左锁骨下动脉,4胎为RAA伴头臂动脉镜像分支(3胎伴右位动脉导管、1胎伴左位动脉导管),2胎为双主动脉弓.18胎为单纯性RAA,余7胎合并其他心内外畸形,且包括2胎染色体异常.4胎经尸体检查证实为RAA.18胎出生后经超声心动图、MR或CT检查证实为RAA患儿,且出生后半年内15例患儿无明显气管或食管受压症状,3例出现反复发作的慢性咳嗽、气喘,吞咽困难,经抗感染治疗后症状缓解.结论 超声心动图是诊断胎儿RAA的可靠方法;胎儿RAA的预后主要与是否并发其他心内外畸形或染色体异常有关.     

Endoglin在肿瘤血管生成及肿瘤预后评估中的意义

Endoglin是内皮细胞表面与细胞增殖密切相关的膜抗原,在肿瘤新生血管的内皮细胞上特异性高表达,与肿瘤血管生成关系密切。用Endoglin标记血管内皮,记数微血管密度(MVD)在恶性肿瘤诊断及预后评估中有重要意义。Endoglin是人体恶性肿瘤诊断和生物治疗的理想生物靶分子,是判断恶性肿瘤预后的重要指标。     

影像组学评估进展期胰腺癌化疗敏感性及预后

目的:探讨影像组学对进展期胰腺癌(Advanced pancreatic cancer,APC)化疗敏感性和预后的评估价值.方法:回顾性分析经病理证实的114例患者的CT增强及形态学特征,采用AnalysisKit软件提取胰腺实质期APC纹理特征参数,采用R语言进行特征筛选,采用Logistic回归模型及Cox比例风险...