泛影葡胺胶浆支气管造影的实验研究及临床应用

笔者对４０只家兔分组并分别用泛影葡胺胶浆和７６％复方泛影葡胺做支气管造影，进行Ｘ线和病理的对照研究，并已临床应用２８３例。动物实验和临床应用结果表明，泛影葡胺胶浆对支气管显影效果好，对肺无损害，排出吸收快，肺内无存留，克服了单纯用７６％复方泛影葡胺做支气管造影有流动快，易进入肺泡，不易摄支气管像，刺激性大和易引起肺水肿的缺点。     

泛影葡胺胶浆支管造影的实验研究及临床应用

笔者对４０只家兔分组并分别用泛影葡胺胶浆和７６％复方泛影葡胺做支气管造影，进行Ｘ线和病理的对照研究，并已临床应用２８３例。动物实验和临床应用结果表明，泛影葡胺胶浆对支气管显影效果好，对肺无损害，排出吸收快，肺内无存留。克服了单纯用７６％复方泛影胺做支管造影有流动快，易进入肺泡，不易摄支气管像，刺激性大和易引起肺水肿的缺点。     

口服4%泛影葡胺葛根粉糊螺旋CT扫描诊断食管癌的临床应用

目的:探讨口服4%泛影葡胺葛根粉糊造影螺旋CT扫描结合内镜检查在食管癌诊断中的临床应用.方法:取葛根粉10 g,95℃以上开水70 ml制成粘稠糊剂,加入60%泛影葡胺5 ml调匀,即成4%泛影葡胺葛根粉糊对比剂.患者胸片完成后,先咽下2～3口对比剂,再含一大口对比剂并快速咽下后屏气扫描.结果:经手术病理和内镜病理证实的食管癌94例,全部经4%泛影葡胺葛根粉糊螺旋CT扫描,对病变腔内外;肿块的位置、长度、直径,气管、支气管侵犯情况,肿块与大血管的关系以及肺、纵隔转移等情况均显示清晰.但对尚未形成管壁肿块的早期病变显示仍有限.对内镜插管困难或食管外压性病变所致狭窄梗阻,则CT扫描优于内镜检查.结论:4%泛影葡胺葛根粉糊可作为螺旋CT扫描结合内镜检查可诊断食管癌.     

子宫输卵管造影的诊断价值与临床应用

目的：探讨子宫输卵管造影检查在不孕症中的诊断价值和临床应用。方法：采用水剂76％的泛影葡胺作造影的对比剂，利用橡胶双腔管堵塞宫颈内口适当加压注射作造影检查。结果：100例不孕患者中，子宫病变31例，输卵管病变42例，未见病变27例。结论：子宫输卵管造影简便，快捷，准确。应用76％泛影葡胺造影，影像质量达到诊断要求，且价格低廉，是检查女性不孕原因简单而必要的方法之一。     

肝局灶性病变的发现

作者选择8例肝叶切除和移植病人,就 CT 和MRI 发现肝局灶性病变的敏感性作前瞻性研究。检查方法包括三代 CT 的常规 CT、延迟 CT(DCT)、动脉法门脉造影 CT(CTAP)和0.5T 的超导型MRI。常规 CT 进行静脉团注法增强(注射76%泛影葡胺50ml),DCT 系团注法或 CTAP 后4～6小间进行,CTAP 系将导管置于肠系膜上动脉后以0.5ml/秒速度注入90～100ml 60%泛影葡胺,层     

增强CT检查中泛影葡胺过敏反应的预防与处理

目的：探讨增强CT检查中泛影葡胺过敏反应的预防和处理措施。方法：对我们医院CT室使用60％泛影葡胺所做12547例增强扫描中的213例过敏反应进行了分析。结果：213例过敏患者中,轻度反应208例,中度反应4例,重度反应1例。结论：提高对泛影葡胺过敏反应的认识,在增强CT扫描前预防用药,并及时正确处理碘过敏反应,对降低泛影葡胺的毒副作用,保证患者的儿命安全十分重要。     

胃癌的CT诊断及临床价值

目的 :探讨胃癌的 CT诊断征象及在临床诊治中的价值。方法 :收集 30例经胃镜、活检病理证实的胃癌病例 CT扫描 ,其中 2 7例手术。胃对比剂用 1.5 %泛影葡胺或水。 2 1例于检查前 10 min肌注 6 5 4- 2 10～ 2 0 mg。 30例 CT平扫 ,其中 12例经肘静脉团注法注入 6 0 %泛影葡胺 80 ml增强。结果 :胃癌 CT表现为病变区胃壁增厚、软组织块影 ,合并溃疡时表现为增厚胃壁及肿块内的腔内龛影。CT可以同时发现胃癌的邻近侵犯及远处转移。结论 :CT可作为胃癌诊断方法之一 ,并有其独特的优势。胃癌 CT检查现阶段的目的应为疗前评估 ,指导临床制定出合理的治疗方案     

泛影葡胺的不良反应和防治措施

泛影葡胺是一种水溶性、高渗离子型有机碘造影剂，用前须做过敏试验。近年来，过敏试验阴性，但发生不良反应的报道增多。本文对过敏试验阴性的泛影葡胺不良反应的类型、临床表现、诊治体会及防治措施进行综述。互不良反应的类型及临床表现特点1．l过敏性休克李德红、上培、刘定金、高阳等“－“报道广多例患者在注射泛影葡胺过程中发生过敏性休克．以病痒、皮疹、支气管痉挛、血压下降为显著特征，甚至呼吸、心跳停止，经抗过敏、支持、对症治疗后抢救成功。王志宏等“‘报道1例75岁女性患者，加压注射6O％泛影葡胺时出现全身麻木，面色由…     

消化道泛影葡胺造影对肠梗阻的诊断价值

目的:探讨消化道泛影葡胺造影对肠梗阻的诊断价值。方法:选取19例临床拟诊肠梗阻病例,碘过敏试验均为阴性,将76%的泛影葡胺注射液60~100ml加等量生理盐水稀释,经口服或鼻胃管注入胃内,进行透视观察。结果:19例患者应用泛影葡胺造影后,胃肠道均显影良好。15例为机械性肠梗阻,1例为肠功能紊乱,3例排除肠梗阻。机械性肠梗阻病例中5例为肿瘤所致;9例为粘连性肠梗阻。粘连性肠梗阻中2例在检查过程中症状即有明显缓解。结论:消化道泛影葡胺造影检查能较好地反映胃肠道功能状态,对肠梗阻病因、病变部位的诊断具有较好的临床应用价值。     

经纤维支气管镜定向导管选择性造影引导肺活检

我院于1988年1月至10月,对难以确诊的15例肺周边病变患者,采用经纤维支气管镜(简称纤支镜)定向导管注入复方泛影葡胺与羧甲基纤维素混悬液,行选择性支气管造影引导肺活检,效果满意,为临床诊断提供了可靠依据,现介绍如下。     

Detection of lung cancer on chest radiographs: analysis on the basis of size and extent of ground-glass opacity at thin-section CT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the detection of small peripheral lung tumors on chest radiographs on the basis of the size of the tumor and its extent of ground-glass opacity (GGO) at thin-section computed tomography (CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Chest radiographs of 75 patients with peripheral carcinomas 20 mm in diameter or smaller (26 localized bronchioloalveolar carcinomas [BACs], 49 other carcinomas) and 60 normal chest radiographs were retrospectively reviewed individually by 10 radiologists. The extent of GGO within the lesions at thin-section CT was reviewed retrospectively. The detection rates for localized BAC and other carcinomas on chest radiographs were calculated and were correlated with tumor size and extent of GGO. RESULTS: The mean sensitivity for detection of small peripheral carcinomas was 58.5% +/- 8.8 (standard error) for localized BAC and was 78.6% +/- 5.1 for other carcinomas (P =.024). Lesions that were smaller than 15 mm in diameter and had an extent of GGO of 70% or greater at thin-section CT were more difficult to detect than tumors that had larger diameters or less extensive GGO (chi(2) = 8.13, df = 1, P =.004). CONCLUSION: The detection of small peripheral carcinomas on chest radiographs is influenced by tumor size and extent of GGO as seen at thin-section CT.     

甲型H1N1流感肺炎CT演变特点

目的:探讨甲型H1N1流感肺炎近中期CT演变特点。方法:回顾性分析35例临床确诊的甲型H1N1流感肺炎患者发热后1个月内86次CT资料,分析其肺部病变出现、进展及吸收时间和影像特点。结果:肺部病变发生时CT表现主要为肺部磨玻璃密度影或实变,胸腔积液等。CT复查表现分为3组:完全吸收组4例,表现为肺部磨玻璃密度影或实变在6～13d(平均11.25d)吸收;明显减轻组29例,表现为磨玻璃密度影及实变减轻或缩小,胸腔积液减少或消失;进展组2例,1例发热后第10天进展为ARDS,另1例合并真菌感染,复查后表现为实变及空洞扩大。2例远期复查中1例第73天仍浅淡磨玻璃密度影,1例第90d遗留少许磨玻璃密度影、小叶间隔增厚、小叶性结节及少许索条影。结论:甲型H1N1流感肺炎肺部病变多在发热后3天内出现,2周左右完全或部分吸收,部分病例中期复查可见间质性病变,危重症患者早中期CT即可见病变迅速进展。     

磨玻璃密度小肺癌CT表现与病理类型相关性研究

目的：探讨磨玻璃密度（GCO）小肺癌的CT表现与病理类型相关性。方法：搜集43例（45个）表现为纯磨玻璃密度（pGGO）或混合磨玻璃密度（mGGO）的周围型小肺癌,根据GGO占整个病灶比例的不同分三型,分别与病理对照。并有12个小肺癌术前行中长期动态观察。结果：I型（GGO成分占91％-100％）11个,病理均为细支气管肺泡癌（BAC）;II型（GGO成分占51％。90％）21个,BAC11,BAC伴高分化腺癌4个,高分化腺癌4个,中分化腺癌2个;Ⅲ型（GGO成分占≤50％）13个,BAC3个,中分化腺癌5个,低分化腺癌3个,低分化鳞癌2个;通过三型间比较发现GGO所占比例越高,小肺癌的病理分化越好,GGO成分占≥50％时,病理多数为BAC（22／32）;同时对部分小肺癌术前中长期动态观察及术后随访,发现肿瘤生长缓慢、预后良好。结论：局限性GGO不仅是周围型肺癌的重要征象之一,而且通过半定量分析GGO所占比例的多少,能一定程度上预测其病理类型、分化程度、倍增时间及预后。     

High-Resolution CT Findings of Re-Expansion Pulmonary Edema

Objective

To describe the high-resolution CT (HRCT) findings of re-expansion pulmonary edema (REPE) following a thoracentesis for a spontaneous pneumothorax.

Materials and Methods

HRCT scans from 43 patients who developed REPE immediately after a thoracentesis for treatment of pneumothorax were retrospectively analyzed. The study group consisted of 41 men and two women with a mean age of 34 years. The average time interval between insertion of the drainage tube and HRCT was 8.5 hours (range, 1-24 hours). The patterns and distribution of the lung lesions were analyzed and were assigned one of the following classifications: consolidation, ground-glass opacity (GGO), intralobular interstitial thickening, interlobular septal thickening, thickening of bronchovascular bundles, and nodules. The presence of pleural effusion and contralateral lung involvement was also assessed.

Results

Patchy areas of GGO were observed in all 43 patients examined. Consolidation was noted in 22 patients (51%). The geographic distribution of GGO and consolidation was noted in 25 patients (58%). Interlobular septal thickening and intralobular interstitial thickening was noted in 28 patients (65%), respectively. Bronchovascular bundle thickening was seen in 13 patients (30%), whereas ill-defined centrilobular GGO nodules were observed in five patients (12%). The lesions were predominantly peripheral in 38 patients (88%). Of these lesions, gravity-dependent distribution was noted in 23 cases (53%). Bilateral lung involvement was noted in four patients (9%), and a small amount of pleural effusion was seen in seven patients (16%).

Conclusion

The HRCT findings of REPE were peripheral patchy areas of GGO that were frequently combined with consolidation as well as interlobular septal and intralobular interstitial thickening.     

周围型肺癌阻塞性病变的CT表现(附18例分析)

目的:确定深呼吸时相CT扫描对周围型肺癌诊断敏感性。材料与方法:18例周围型肺癌(13例经病理证实,5例由其它方法证实)和12例良性肺肿块对照者(炎性假瘤和结核球等)均经常规CT扫描,除2例炎性假瘤患者外,其余所有病人并经肿块部位及其上下一层的深呼吸时相CT扫描。结果:周围型肺癌深呼吸时相CT扫描所见的阻塞性病变计有4例肺不张,12例阻塞性肺炎(按其帮位进而可分为远离肿块的和邻近肿块的阻塞性肺炎),1例阻塞性肺气肿,以及1例肺静脉癌栓。周围型肺癌的这些CT表现,在良性肺肿块对照者中不复被看到。结论:深呼吸时相CT扫描所见的远离肿块的阻塞性肺炎及肿块外侧的阻塞性肺气肿,可被看作是周围型肺癌的特有表现而且是其早期诊断的依据。     

CT引导肺穿刺活检诊断周围型肺鳞癌的价值

目的:探讨应用CT引导肺穿刺活检术诊断周围型肺鳞癌的价值。方法:对CT引导肺部病变穿刺活检术的31例病例进行回顾性分析。结果:本组病例中,周围型肺鳞癌CT表现为病灶周边强化伴其内不同程度坏死27例,空洞型病灶4例。CT引导肺部病变穿刺活检病理诊断鳞癌16例,中分化鳞癌14例,发现癌变鳞状上皮1例。结论:研究表明应用CT引导肺穿刺活检术对周围型肺鳞癌病例有重要的诊断价值。     

Changes in CT density of solitary capillary hemangioma of the lung upon varying patient position

Solitary capillary hemangioma of the lung (SCHL) is a rare benign tumor that is difficult to differentiate from other nodular lesions, including lung cancer, on CT. We report a case of 58-year-old man with an SCHL of the left lower lung. A nodular lesion 7?mm in size varied in CT appearance when the position of the patient was changed: it was part solid and part ground-glass opacity (mixed GGO) in the supine position, but pure GGO (nonsolid) in the prone position. However, the possibility of a malignancy could not be completely excluded because the density of the lesion had increased slightly over the past five?years, so the patient underwent surgical resection. The histological diagnosis was SCHL. Therefore, changes in the CT density of a nodule upon changing patient position may indicate an SCHL.     

肺部局灶性磨玻璃影的CT诊断

目的探讨肺部良恶性局灶性磨玻璃影的CT表现,以期减少误诊和早期诊断周围型小肺癌。方法搜集资料完整的良性GGO结节43个(AAH6个,炎性37个)、恶性GGO结节77个(其中BAC62个、腺癌或混合性腺癌15个),对其CT表现作回顾分析。结果①大小:AAH≤1cm,6/6;炎性≥2cm,32/37;恶性1～2cm,44/77;②形态:球形,AAH6/6、炎性4/37、BAC43/32、腺癌10/15;③密度:纯GGO,AAH6/6、炎性33/37、BAC36/62;混杂GGO,炎性4/37、BAC26/62、腺癌15/15;④边缘:光滑,AAH6/6、炎性4/37、恶性73/77;⑤其它倾向肺癌征象(分叶、细毛刺、空泡、空气支气管征、血管集束、胸膜凹陷):AAH无;炎性极少;恶性常见;⑥.随访:10～45天抗炎后复查,无明显变化AAH6/6、炎性3/37、恶性70/77,缩小或吸收炎性34/37。结论①球形、边界清楚局灶性纯GGO影多为AAH或BAC,并且AAH多≤1cm;②混杂密度GGO,恶性可能大;③较大边界模糊斑片、不规则形纯GGO傾向炎性;④短期随访是重要鉴别手段。     

肾移植术后肺巨细胞病毒感染的影像学表现

目的:探讨肾移植术后肺巨细胞病毒感染的CT特点。方法:回顾性分析24例经临床及实验室检查证实的巨细胞病毒感染(CMV)的CT特征。结果:本组24例巨细胞病毒感染患者中有2例CT表现未见明显异常,其余22例均有毛玻璃样阴影改变,其中呈两肺多发、散在分布7例,呈两肺弥漫性分布15例。仅表现为毛玻璃影者4例,伴有小叶间隔增厚10例,伴有实变影者7例,伴有多发小结节影者8例,伴有少量胸腔积液者4例。结论:肾移植术后肺巨细胞病毒感染最常见CT表现为双肺弥漫性分布的毛玻璃样阴影,且常伴有小叶间隔增厚、小结节影、实变影等表现。