主动脉瘤的腔内隔绝术介入治疗

目的:讨论腔内人造血管隔绝术治疗主动脉瘤近期临床疗效。方法:4例肾下腹主动脉瘤和1例主动脉弓夹层动脉瘤病人接受腔内人造血管隔绝术治疗,术前均行彩超、三维重建螺旋CT检测。结果:术后即刻DSA造影显示:5例动脉瘤消失,近远端人造血管与主动脉结合处无内漏,腔内人造血管无移位,5例病人临床均获成功。术后3~6个月彩超及CT随访显示腔内人造血管无移位及内漏,动脉瘤残腔无增大及血流。结论:腔内人造血管隔绝术是一种创伤小、恢复快的治疗主动脉瘤的安全、有效的新方法,但远期疗效有待随访。     

犬全腔静脉肺动脉连接术动物模型的建立

为改进全腔静脉肺动脉连接术（TCPC）动物模型的手术方法和探讨术后血液动力学变化，采用Y型人造血管分别与上、下腔静脉及主肺动脉行端侧吻合，结扎腔静脉吻合口近心端，术后予羟乙基淀粉代血浆维持肺动脉在20mmHg，测量血流动力学指标。结果表明，所有实验犬均耐受手术，平均存活时间为14h，最长达5天，术后血流动力学指标保持相对稳定，心排量、平均主动脉压、右／左肺血流量比值与肺血管阻力均成显著负相关。本实验在非体外循环、心脏跳动下进行，且不缝闭三尖瓣和肺动脉瓣，避免了心内操作，方法简便，术后存活时间长，有助于对TCPC术后血流动力学改变的深入研究。     

儿童瓣膜性心脏病的外科治疗

报道87例儿童瓣膜性心脏病患者的外科治疗。其中男58例,女29例,年龄4－14（平均10．2）岁,其中二尖瓣置换36例,主动脉瓣置换13例,二尖瓣和主动脉瓣双瓣置换6例,主动脉瓣成形13例,二尖瓣成形19例。所用心脏瓣膜均为机械瓣。同期处理三尖瓣关闭不全41例,室间隔缺损23例,房间隔缺损9例,佛氏窦瘤破裂8例,动脉导管未闭3例。术后早期并发症包括：低心排综合征7例,呼吸衰竭3例,心律失常5例。早期死亡4例,病死率4．60％。随访0．5－14．5（平均6．51）年,晚期死亡3例,病死率3．61％。儿童瓣膜性心脏病手术治疗时,首先应尽量选择瓣膜成形术;对人工心脏瓣膜替换术者,瓣膜尽量选用成人型号,术后常规行华法林抗凝治疗,并要重视对患儿术后风湿活动的治疗。     

超声心动图诊断左心房憩室1例

<正>患者男,22岁。体检时胸片发现心界向左扩大,无症状。查体:心浊音界向左扩大,心率80次/min,未闻及病理性杂音。超声心动图检查示:自左心耳延伸至左心室侧后方可见一囊性回声,挤压左室,大小约47mm×52mm×39mm,其内可见类似梳状肌结构,并与左房相通,通道宽约11mm,可见血流信号往返于囊腔与左房之间;心脏房、室内径正常范围,各瓣膜启闭未见明显异常;多普勒检查:各瓣口未见明     

无支架人工瓣膜治疗急性感染性心内膜炎

目的　急性感染性心内膜炎的外科治疗 ,传统上的经验是使用同种生物瓣膜 (同种主动脉带瓣管道 ) ,但是由于来源的短缺 ,型号不全等种种问题 ,限制了其大量使用。Shelhigh无支架生物瓣膜和带瓣管道在临床的使用 ,使外科医生有了更大的选择空间。本研究目的是通过比较接受同种瓣膜植入的患者和接受Shelhigh生物瓣膜植入的患者在手术后心脏功能的恢复情况 ,以及再感染的发生率等指标来比较两种瓣膜的差异 ,最后评价Shelhigh瓣膜是否可以替代同种生物瓣膜在临床使用的结论。方法 :从 1997年 1月到 1999年 11月 ,在德国心脏中心 (柏林 ) ,有 6 8名患者因为主动脉瓣心内膜炎以及瓣环脓肿接受了同种瓣植入手术 ,平均年龄 (5 3± 14 )岁 ,4 6名男性和 2 2名女性 ,作为对照组随访至 2 0 0 0年1月 ;研究组为 2 0 0 1年 1月至 11月连续 2 3名感染性心内膜炎患者 ,使用Shelhigh瓣膜或带瓣管道进行了主动脉瓣膜置换手术。平均年龄 (4 8± 2 0 )岁 ,男性 14名 ,女性 9名 ,随访到 2 0 0 1年 1月。在人口统计学上 ,两组间没有显著差异 ,患者都接受了详细的心脏超声检查来明确心内膜炎扩展情况以及左室和瓣膜的功能。结果 :对照组 6 0d死亡率为 16 % ,研究组为 13%。 (NS)再感染率为对照组 4 % ,研究组为零。最大和平均多     

风湿性心脏病瓣膜替换术后心脏X线的动态观察

目的探讨风湿性心脏病瓣膜替换术后心脏X线变化特点及其影响因素。方法利用胸部远达X线检查对65例风湿性心脏病瓣膜替换术前后进行追踪观察,每次均测量心胸比率、肺动脉段凸度、左心耳凸度和右房高/心高比,术后平均观察时间(295±224)d。观察数据用配对、非配对样本t检验、双变量相关和Kaplan-Meier法进行分析。结果术后76.9%的病例心脏缩小,心胸比率、肺动脉段凸度、左心耳凸度、右房高/心高比4项指标变化与术前的临床X线指标相关,心胸比率在术后90d内变化最明显。结论X线能够动态反映瓣膜替换术后心脏形态和心功能恢复情况。     

心腔内超声评价心脏结构和左室收缩功能的实验研究

目的:研究心腔内超声探查心脏结构和评价左室收缩功能的方法。方法:AcuNav心腔内超声导管置于健康犬右房、右室,二维图像显示左右心腔、心瓣膜、肺静脉、冠状动脉、主动脉、肺动脉等结构,彩色及频谱多普勒记录血流状况。开胸制作犬急性心肌缺血再灌注模型,观察室壁运动和左室射血分数改变。结果:所有目标结构及血流均获得清晰显示,未发生导管相关的严重并发症。心腔内超声示心肌缺血再灌注过程中前壁厚度、增厚率、左室射血分数动态改变。结论:心腔内超声可安全、清晰地显示心脏结构和血流状态,并评价左室收缩功能。     

孪生姐妹Uhl畸形

例1,女,17岁。因半年来不明原因出现心悸、胸闷、乏力,伴双下肢水肿、少尿、气促,加重1个月于2004年12月20日入院。入院查体:患者巩膜黄染,颈静脉怒张。双肺呼吸音清晰,心界扩大,心率95次/min,律不齐。肝右肋下4横指,脾可触及,腹部有移动性浊音,双下肢水肿。入院化验检查未见异常。胸部X线片示右房、右室增大,心影呈普大型。心电图示非阵发性交界性心动过速,轴心右偏,右室大,全导联呈低电压趋势,ST-T改变。心脏彩超示三尖瓣前后瓣位置正常,无增厚,瓣环明显增大,瓣膜几乎无启闭运动,隔瓣位置明显下移,短缩增厚,距二尖瓣前瓣附着点6.0cm,右…     

股浅静脉带戒环缩术后的血管造影表现

目的　探讨下肢股浅静脉[1] 瓣膜带戒环缩术后的血管造影表现。方法　对 36例 42支下肢股浅静脉带戒环缩术后病人进行顺行法静脉造影复查。结果　发现 42支股浅静脉瓣带戒环缩术后该静脉上端有 3种不同表现 :①股浅静脉管径正常。②瓣窦下股静脉小缺损。③瓣窦近侧局限性狭窄。 40支股浅静脉第一对瓣膜功能均恢复正常。结论　股浅静脉瓣带戒环缩术是恢复股浅静脉瓣功能的理想手术。顺行法下肢静脉造影的检查是观察股浅静脉瓣功能的重要手段     

先天性心脏病的手术前彩超检查与术中对照分析

1　临床资料　1996年3月～1998年6月住院的先心病患者中,经手术治疗证实的7例,其中:男5例,女2例;年龄最大19岁,最小4岁,平均95岁;仪器为法国ＳＩＧＭＡ-44ＨＶＣＤ彩色超声诊断仪,探头频率35ＭＨｚ。全部病人术前均进行彩超常规检查,取仰卧位或左侧卧位,选心尖、剑下、胸骨旁4腔,左室长轴和主动脉短轴切面。(1)用二维图像实时观察心脏各房室腔大小,形态及房、室间隔的连续和各瓣膜的启闭;(2)用Ｍ型图像测量各区经线;(3)用彩色多普勒观察心脏内的血液流动方向及分布范围;(4)用连续或脉冲多普勒去探测各瓣膜口或缺损口处的血流频谱。根据4个方…     

Physiologic and pathologic calcifications and ossifications in the face and neck

The aim was to give a systematic presentation of physiologic and pathologic calcifications and ossifications in the face and neck with a special emphasis on clinical relevance. In a sometimes subacute setting one should recognize specific calcifications which often lead to important diagnoses such as fungal sinusitis or sclerosing labyrinthitis. In a more chronic situation intraocular calcifications in small children are pathognomonic for retinoblastoma. Juxtatumoral sclerosis of the laryngeal cartilage in laryngopharyngeal carcinoma is usually caused by tumor infiltration of the cartilage resulting in a higher tumor stage and, this way, has a major impact on the therapeutical strategy. Calcified lymph nodes are mainly unspecific but can be the result of tuberculosis or metastases of thyroid cancer. Cross-sectional imaging methods, most of all computed tomography, are ideally suited to reveal head and neck calcifications and ossifications, especially those which are clinically relevant.     

Head and neck infection and inflammation

This article discusses the imaging manifestations of infectious and inflammatory conditions of the head and neck. Special attention is paid to the sites, routes of spread, and complications of neck infections. Because the clinical signs and symptoms and the complications of these conditions are often determined by the precise anatomic site involved, anatomic considerations are stressed. Familiarity with the fascial layers, spaces of the neck, and the contents of each space is helpful for this discussion. The fascial layers of the neck are important barriers to infection, and once infection is established, the fascial layers play a part in directing its spread.     

幽门螺杆菌分泌与重组表达的VacA蛋白的分离纯化及其致细胞空泡效应与凋亡的对比研究

目的：分离纯化幽门螺杆菌分泌和重组表达的细胞空泡毒素抗原（ VacA）蛋白,并评价其致细胞空泡效应及致细胞凋亡效应。方法分别从幽门螺杆菌ATCC26695菌株培养上清和重组表达VacA蛋白的pQE30-VacA-E．coliM15基因工程菌中分离纯化VacA蛋白,经酸化后,以不同终浓度（5,10 ng／ml）分别与人胃腺癌AGS细胞共孵24 h,观察致空泡效应,并通过流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡。结果成功分离纯化出幽门螺杆菌分泌和重组表达的VacA蛋白;幽门螺杆菌分泌的VacA蛋白能显著引起AGS细胞的空泡样改变及凋亡（P＜0．01）,而重组表达的VacA蛋白致细胞空泡样改变及凋亡不显著（ P＞0．05）。结论幽门螺杆菌分泌的VacA蛋白有良好的空泡毒性及致凋亡效应,而重组表达的VacA蛋白无致空泡及凋亡效应,幽门螺杆菌分泌的VacA蛋白可用于VacA作用机制的研究。     

化学和生物学融合对国际武器公约履约的影响

化学武器公约（ CWC）和生物武器公约（ BWC）是为禁止生产、发展、储存和使用化学武器和生物武器而制定的国际公约。近年来,科学技术快速发展,知识交叉渗透,学科之间出现整合和融合,促进了科技进步和经济发展。其中化学和生物学融合在有力促进制药、健康卫生、绿色化学和环境保护等产业进步的同时,也对化学和生物武器公约的履约产生了重要的影响。该文综述了与化学武器和生物武器公约相关的化学和生物学融合进展,并分析其对公约履约的影响。     

Oxygen uptake and ventilation during rowing and running in females and males

This study evaluated if the ventilatory response to exercise is impaired by the cramp position of rowing. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), maximal expiratory volume (VEmax), and maximal heart rate (HRmax) during rowing and running were compared in 55 males (age, mean +/- SD, 21 +/- 3 years; height 176 +/- 5 cm; body mass 72 +/- 6 kg) and 18 females (age 20 +/- 2 years; height 164 +/- 5 cm; body mass 61 +/- 4 kg). VEmax was larger during rowing than during running (males, 157 +/- 16 vs. 147 +/- 13 L min(-1); 114 +/- 9 vs. 105 +/- 11 L min(-1), P<0.01). Also VO2max was larger during rowing than during running (males, 4.5 +/- 0.5 vs. 4.3 +/- 0.4 L min(-1); females, 3.3 +/- 0.4 vs. 3.2 +/- 0.4 L min(-1), P<0.01). However, HRmax was lower during rowing than during running (males, 194 +/- 8 vs. 198 +/- 11 beats min(-1); females, 192 +/- 6 vs. 196 +/- 8 beats min(-1), P<0.05). VEmax was correlated to body mass and fat-free mass, as was VO2max. Thus, the oxygen pulse (VO2max/HRmax) was larger during rowing than during running, while the ventilatory equivalent for oxygen (VEmax/VO2max) was similar. We showed that bending the body during rowing does not seem to impair ventilation either in males or in females. The results indicate that VEmax and VO2max relate to body size and fat-free mass for both females and males. The findings indicate that the involvement of more muscles, the entrainment, and the body position during rowing facilitates ventilation and venous return and lowers maximal heart rate.     

Coracoclavicular and coracoacromial ligament calcification and ossification

Thirty-six patients with calcification or ossification at or around the coracoclavicular and coracoacromial regions were analyzed with regard to type, location, and configuration of the deposits and related clinical history. Calcification or ossification in the coracoclavicular region resulted largely from trauma (36%) or renal failure (28%). Trauma patients may develop punctate calcification or ossification but do not develop the tumoral type of calcification. About 5% of the renal failure patients had coracoclavicular ligament calcifications, one-half of which were of the tumoral type. Renal failure patients may have punctate or tumoral calcifications but do not develop ossification.     

CLIP相关技术的研究进展

在真核生物基因表达的转录后调节中,RNA结合蛋白（ RBP）起着关键作用,很多RBP的异常与人类疾病的发生密切相关。自2000年的RNA免疫沉淀和芯片分析方法（ RNA immunoprecipitation with differential display or microarray analysis , RIP-ChIP）出现以来,人们开始就RBP与RNA相互作用进行了系统而广泛的研究。经过改良和发展,基于体内实时紫外交联免疫沉淀法（ ultraviolet crosslinking and immunoprecipitation , CLIP ）、交联免疫沉淀cDNA文库高通量测序法（ high-throughput sequencing of CLIP cDNA library , HITS-CLIP）、光催化核糖核苷增强交联和免疫沉淀法（ photoactivatable-ribonucleoside-enhanced crosslinking and immunprecipitation , PAR-CLIP）以及提高个别核苷酸分辨率交联和免疫共沉淀法（ individual nucleotide resolution CLIP , iCLIP）等RIP-ChIP衍生方法相继产生,使用这些方法,可以解析RBP的RNA识别特异性,而且通过与高通量测序技术结合,可以实现转录组尺度的RBP的靶序列的鉴定,分辨率也得到极大提高。该文就RNA与蛋白的相互作用的基本原理及其研究进展、相关技术存在的问题以及发展趋势进行简要综述。     

Cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons of self-reported and device-assessed physical activity and sedentary behaviour

ObjectivesTo examine the longitudinal associations and differences between self-reported and device-assessed physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB), using a multifaceted statistical approach.DesignLongitudinal measurement burst.MethodsIn total, 52 university students (78% female) aged 18–38 years (mean = 21.94 ± 4.57 years) participated. The study consisted of three blocks of six days of measurement, during which participants wore an accelerometer on their wrist for the entire block, and self-reported their PA over the 6 days at the end of each block.ResultsMeaningful latent differences between methods were observed for moderate PA and SB across all three assessment periods, such that participants underreported the time spent in each activity. Bland–Altman plots revealed a positive mean difference for vigorous PA, with over-reporting increasing as mean levels increased. Negative mean differences were observed for all other intensities. Underreporting of moderate PA increased as the mean level increased, whereas for light PA and SB, underreporting decreased at high levels. Repeated measures correlations revealed a meaningful association for vigorous PA only, suggesting that as self-reported minutes increase so too do device-measured minutes.ConclusionsWe found evidence of cross-sectional and longitudinal differences and weak associations between self-reported and device-assessed PA and SB. Future work is needed to enhance the quality of self-reported methods to assess PA and SB (e.g., face and content validity), and consider improvements to the processing of device-based data.     

Old and dangerous: Prison and dementia

Older prisoners are the fastest growing group of prisoners in many countries. The purpose of this study is to explore the phenomenon of detention of persons suffering from dementia. Medline searches were conducted for relevant articles, chapters and books published until August 2016. Search terms included dementia, elderly, prison and criminal. Publications found through this indexed search were reviewed for further relevant references. As results, there is a lack of data about elderly with dementia in prisons. Given the rise in the average age, it is reasonable to hypothesize that the number of older prisoners is growing. Moreover, some elderly are imprisoned with a concomitant cognitive impairment or psychiatric disorder while others will develop such diseases once incarcerated. At the present time, legal and social systems seem unprepared to handle the phenomenon of dementia in prison. As proposal, health assessments for older first time offenders should become a practice inside the correctional facilities and include an evaluation for specific health issues, such as psychiatric comorbidity and cognitive impairment.