氨甲环酸止血对全髋关节置换术围术期失血量影响

目的评价术中髋臼及股骨髓腔创面应用氨甲环酸止血同时在关闭切口后经引流管髋关节腔内单次灌注应用氨甲环酸止血和关闭切口后经引流管髋关节腔内单次灌注应用氨甲环酸止血对全髋关节置换围手术期失血量的影响。方法前瞻性研究分析自2014年1月至2015年1月收治的64例因股骨头坏死行全髋关节置换术患者,按治疗方法不同分为A组和B组。A组患者32例:关闭切口后,经引流管髋关节腔内单次灌注氨甲环酸2.5 g(25 ml)止血。B组患者32例:术中髋臼及股骨髓腔创面分别应用0.5 g(5 ml)氨甲环酸浸润,并用纱布填塞止血,同时在关闭切口后经引流管髋关节腔内单次灌注1.5 g(15 ml)氨甲环酸止血。两组患者均由同一术者、同一术式完成全髋关节置换。比较两组患者手术时间、术中失血量、术后引流量、术后血红蛋白变化和总失血量。结果术后24 h,A组患者血红蛋白为(10.4±0.8)g/L,B组(11.6±0.9)g/L,两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后48 h,A组血红蛋白为(9.6±1.0)g/L,B组(11.1±0.6)g/L,两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组术中失血量(220.5±15.0)ml,B组(140.9±14.7)ml,两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组术后48 h引流量为(360.5±21.0)ml,B组(350.9±20.7)ml,两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组总失血量(972.0±45.8)ml,B组(760.0±43.4)ml,两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。A组手术时间为(47.0±8.2)min,B组(48.0±8.1)min,两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者术后均未发生假体周围感染、下肢深静脉血栓或其他并发症。结论全髋关节置换术中,髋臼及股骨髓腔创面应用氨甲环酸止血同时,在关闭切口后经引流管髋关节腔内局部灌注氨甲环酸止血,较关闭切口后经引流管髋关节腔内单次灌注氨甲环酸止血效果更好,并且不增加手术时间、假体周围感染及静脉血栓形成的风险。     

氨甲环酸对减少同期双侧全髋关节置换术围术期出血的疗效

 目的 探讨静脉结合关节内注射氨甲环酸对于减少同期双侧人工全髋关节置换术后出血的有效性和安全性。方法 回顾分析2013-10至2015-08同期行双侧人工全髋关节置换术患者病历资料,实验组在术前静脉给予氨甲环酸1 g,单侧手术结束后分别在关节腔内局部给3 g氨甲环酸,共计24例;选取术中及术后均未使用氨甲环酸的患者病历资料为对照组,共计24例,与实验组对照分析。分析术后引流量、血常规、有无输血、输血量,以及有无症状性静脉栓塞。结果 氨甲环酸实验组术后总引流量(355.4 ml)、总失血量(1894.1 ml),隐性失血量(1538.7 ml)、 总输血量360 ml、输血率(50%)均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。实验组在术中失血量(954.2 ml)、出院前血红蛋白水平(95 g/L)、出院前血小板计数(157.8×10⁹/L)与对照组比较差异无统计学意义。两组均未发生症状性静脉血栓和肺栓塞。结论 同期双侧人工全髋关节置换术结合静脉及局部使用氨甲环酸可有效减少出血量,且不增加血栓栓塞的风险。     

氨甲环酸的不同应用方式对全膝关节置换术中及术后失血量的影响

目的：探讨氨甲环酸的不同应用方式对全膝关节置换术术中及术后失血量的影响。方法选取2013年～2014年行全膝关节置换的100例患者,分为A组50例关节置换前1 g稀释于100 mL生理盐水后静脉注射氨甲环酸;B组50例在止血带释放前关节囊缝合后局部关节腔注射浓度为3％氨甲环酸稀释溶液50 mL。结果两组在术中的失血量对比无差异（P＞0．05）,比较术后的出血量、输血量、输血人数、血红蛋白差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,A组优于B组。结论全膝关节置换术前10 min静脉滴注氨甲环酸能明显降低患者术后出血量及输血量,此药物安全有效,可有效用于全膝关节置换手术。     

联合应用重组人促红细胞生成素与蔗糖铁治疗初次全髋关节置换围术期贫血的疗效分析

目的探讨联合应用重组人促红细胞生成素(recombinant human erythropoietin,rhEPO)与蔗糖铁治疗初次全髋关节置换(THA)患者围术期贫血的临床疗效。方法回顾性研究2013年6月—2017年6月北部战区总医院骨科行初次THA的股骨颈骨折患者108例,根据治疗方法分为治疗组和对照组,各54例。治疗组给予rhEPO 10 000IU/d皮下注射,术前3d至术后7d连续应用,根据Ganzoni公式及预估手术失血量计算缺铁量,按需补铁。对照组未予以上治疗。主要观察指标为两组患者围术期输血率、总输血量、平均输血量、Hb水平及血细胞比容(Hct)的变化,次要观察指标为两组患者围术期网织红细胞计数(Ret)变化及两组患者围术期并发症[包括假体周围感染、深静脉血栓(deep vein thrombosis,DVT)形成、肺栓塞(pulmonary embolism,PE)、过敏及发热]。结果治疗组术后有2例(3.7%)接受输血治疗,对照组术后有9例(16.7%)接受输血治疗,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组平均输血量(0.05±0.24)U与对照组平均输血量(0.28±0.64)U比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者术后2h,1、3、6、9d Hb水平、Hct、Ret比较,治疗组均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者围术期均未发生假体周围感染,PE、DVT及与使用rhEPO与蔗糖铁有关的过敏反应;治疗组术后发热2例,对照组发热3例,给予对症治疗后体温均恢复正常,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论初次THA围术期联合rhEPO与蔗糖铁(按需补铁)可增加患者围术期红细胞储备,提高患者造血潜能,从而显著改善患者围术期贫血状态,降低患者围术期输血率。     

氨甲环酸对全膝关节置换术中及术后失血量的影响

目的探讨氨甲环酸对全膝关节置换术围手术期失血量的影响。方法 2007年5月至2009年2月,选取92例拟行全膝关节置换术的患者,男34例,女58例;骨性关节炎62例,类风湿关节炎30例。病程2～10年,平均5年。随机分为A、B两组,每组46例。A组在膝关节假体安装后松止血带时,将氨甲环酸1 g稀释于250 m l生理盐水后静脉点滴,第一次给药3 h后以相同剂量再次给药;B组仅给予等量生理盐水静脉点滴。以术中失血量、术后可见失血量、输血量、输血人数、术后血红蛋白和术后纤维蛋白原、凝血酶原时间等为评价指标,对两组进行比较;观察患者术后是否出现下肢深静脉栓塞的临床症状,并于术后14 d进行下肢血管多普勒超声检查。结果术中失血量两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,但术后可见失血量、输血量、输血人数A组均明显少于B组（P〈0.05）;术后血红蛋白值,A组明显大于B组（P〈0.05）;两组患者术中松止血带和术后3 h纤维蛋白原、凝血酶原时间和活化部分凝血活酶时间的比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;术后14 d未发现下肢深静脉血栓形成。结论在全膝关节置换术中及术后短期使用氨甲环酸,能明显降低患者失血量及输血量,并且不增加静脉血栓形成的风险。     

氨甲环酸不同给药时间对减少全髋关节置换术失血的影响

目的探讨氨甲环酸(TXA)在不同的给药时间对减少全髋关节置换术(THA)失血的有效性。方法前瞻性分析2014年1月—2017年12月安徽医科大学第一附属医院行单侧THA患者90例,男性26例,女性64例;年龄18~80岁,平均67.9岁。采用随机数字表法分为A、B、C三组,各30例。采用双盲法(患者及主刀医师对所在组别并不知晓)分别于术前15min(A组),术后15min(B组)和皮肤缝合结束时(C组)静脉注射TXA 30mg/kg。比较三组患者术中及术后失血量、输血次数、Hb下降量及下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)发生率。结果与B、C组相比,A组术中A vs.B vs.C,(133.9±47.6)mL vs.(203.0±58.9)mL vs.(212.6±56.7)mL,F=18.520,P=0.001及术后失血量A vs.B vs.C,(721.0±86.2)mL vs.(735.6±63.2)mL vs.(791.6±92.7)mL,F=6.251,P=0.003减少,Hb下降程度A vs.B vs.C,(22.0±6.0)g/L vs.(28.2±7.0)g/L vs.(29.4±9.5)g/L,F=8.138,P=0.001更小,术后输血次数较C组减少(A vs.C,2 vs.9,χ2=7.274,P=0.026)。三组患者术后DVT发生率差异无统计学意义。结论术前15min静脉注射TXA,可以更有效地减少术中及术后出血,有助于维持术后Hb含量,降低输血率。     

术中关节腔注射氨甲环酸与肾上腺素对老年全膝关节置换术后出血的影响

目的观察术中关节腔内注射氨甲环酸(tranexamic acid,TXA)与肾上腺素对老年全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)后出血的影响。方法选择2015年1月—2016年5月霸州市第二医院行初次单侧TKA手术的老年创伤性膝关节炎患者168例为研究对象,采用随机、双盲的方法将符合纳入和排除标准的168例患者分为观察组、对照A组及对照B组,每组56例。观察组在松止血带前关节腔内注射1g TXA和0.25mg肾上腺素,对照A组在松止血带前关节腔内注射1g TXA,对照B组关节腔内注射生理盐水50m L。观察比较3组患者术后3d血红蛋白(Hb)和红细胞压积(Hct)下降值,围术期总出血量、术后引流量及隐性出血量。记录和比较3组患者异体输血率、术后3个月内下肢静脉血栓(DVT),术后3d大腿、小腿周径变化率及皮下瘀斑面积1%发生率。结果观察组术后3d Hb和Hct下降值以及围术期总出血量、术后引流量、隐性出血量均明显低于对照A组及对照B组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);对照A组术后3d Hb和Hct下降值以及围术期总出血量、术后引流量、隐性出血量均明显低于对照B组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组皮下瘀斑面积1%发生率、术后3d大腿、小腿周径变化率低于对照A组及对照B组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。3组患者术后超声检查和随访未发现症状性DVT发生。结论关节腔内注射TXA与肾上腺素可有效减少TKA术后出血,且安全性高,具有一定的推广应用价值。     

氨甲环酸围手术期小剂量给药对非骨水泥全髋关节置换术患者失血量影响的临床观察

目的探讨小剂量氨甲环酸注射液对非骨水泥全髋关节置换术(THA)患者失血量的临床效果。方法本研究以2014年1月~2015年12月深圳市龙华新区人民医院收治的行单侧非骨水泥THA的患者62例为研究对象。根据患者就诊顺序并结合随机数字表法,将受试者随机分为观察组(n=31)与对照组(n=31)。观察组在术前及术后分别给予氨甲环酸注射剂10mg/kg,对照组仅给予0.9%氯化钠注射液。研究者比较两组患者术中的出血量、术后3d内的出血量、绝对失血量、隐性失血量以及术后第3天的血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞比积(Hct)、血小板计数(PLT)、出血时间及活化的部分凝血酶原时间(APTT)。结果观察组术中的出血量、术后3d内的出血量、手术隐性失血量及手术绝对失血量分别为(297.64±65.52)g、(179.45±40.47)g、(136.83±46.49)g、(625.26±106.08)g,均显著低于对照组的(357.55±65.41)g、(221.47±47.30)g、(194.26±33.10)g、(714.75±89.72)g(P0.05);术后第3天,观察组的血红蛋白浓度及红细胞比容分别为(92.54±12.66)g/L和(0.26±0.01)%,显著高于对照组的(82.26±11.57)g/L和(0.23±0.02)%(P0.05);两组术后的平均住院时间分别为(16.48±3.23)d,和(15.84±2.91)d,均未发现明显并发症的发生(P0.05)。结论氨甲环酸注射剂围手术期小剂量给药可显著减少非骨水泥THA后患者的失血量且不增加血栓栓塞等并发症的发生率。     

氨甲环酸局部与静脉应用对老年全膝关节置换术患者失血量及输血量影响比较

目的观察和比较局部与静脉应用氨甲环酸对老年全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)失血量及输血量的影响。方法选择2015年3月～2016年2月霸州市第二医院骨科行初次单侧TKA的120例老年患者,其中男性53例,女性67例;年龄60～83岁,平均68.17岁。随机数字表法分为局部应用组与静脉应用组,每组60例。局部应用组于关节腔关闭后在关节腔内注射氨甲环酸0.5g;静脉应用组在止血带加压前15min静脉内注射氨甲环酸10mg/kg。观察和记录术前及术后1、3、5d血红蛋白(Hb)水平以及术前和术后6h纤维蛋白原(FIB)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)及D-二聚体(DD)水平。比较两组术中失血量、术后12h引流量、总引流量、隐性失血量、总失血量和平均输血量。结果两组术前Hb水平无明显差异(P0.05),术后1、3、5d局部应用组Hb水平均明显高于静脉应用组(P0.05);两组术前和术后6h FIB、PT、APTT比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),两组术后6h D-D水平高于术前,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);局部应用组术后12h引流量、术后总引流量、总失血量及平均输血量少于静脉应用组,差异比较均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论局部应用氨甲环酸较静脉应用能更有效地降低老年TKA患者的术后失血量及输血量,有利于患者的临床康复。     

Gait analysis in patients after bilateral versus unilateral total hip arthroplasty

BackgroundGait abnormalities were reported in patients after total hip arthroplasty (THA). One-stage bilateral THA was introduced for bilateral hip pathologies, showing similar clinical and surgical outcome to unilateral procedure. However, no studies analyze the gait features after bilateral THA surgery compared to unilateral THA.Research questionAre there differences in gait characteristics between bilateral and unilateral THA patients and are there differences between these cases and asymptomatic age-matched healthy subjects?MethodsIn this prospective observational study, thirty-five patients with bilateral (n = 18) or unilateral THA (n = 17) and twenty asymptomatic age-matched volunteers were studied. Participants underwent three-dimensional gait analysisin order to detect gait spatial-temporal and kinematic (Gait Variable Score - GVS) parameters. Mobility (Timed Up and Go - TUG), fear of movement (Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia - TSK) and pain during walking (Numeric Rating Scale - NRS) were also assessed. Patients were evaluated the day before surgery and at seven days, whereas healthy subjects underwent a single evaluation. ANOVA was used to assess differences between the three groups at each time-point and within-group differences in bilateral and unilateral groups.ResultsAt baseline, no differences between the two groups of patients were found. As expected, their gait spatial-temporal and kinematic parameters and functional variables were impaired with respect to healthy subjects, both before and after surgery. After surgery, GVS Pelvic-TILT closer to normative values, longer stance and shorter swing phases were found in bilateral cases compared to unilateral patients. Moreover, a higher NRS score was found in bilateral patients, whereas TUG and TSK revealed no differences between the two groups of patients.SignificanceThe current findings, focusing on short-term effectiveness of bilateral THA, could assist physiotherapists in selecting the best ambulation training and an appropriate rehabilitation approach immediately after surgery.     

髋关节置换术后股骨假体周围骨折的处理

目的:探讨分析全髋关节置换术后股骨假体周围骨折的分型、治疗方法及临床疗效。方法:回顾分析性研究2007-03～2010-08治疗8例全髋关节置换术后股骨假体周围骨折的病例,根据Vancouver分型B1型3例、B3型3例、C型2例。B1型病例采用异体皮质骨板加钢丝环扎牢固固定骨折,B3型病例采用股骨加长柄行翻修术外加同种异体结构骨植骨钢缆环扎术,C型病例均采用柄部单皮质骨螺钉内固定远端骨折部双皮质螺钉钢板内固定并植骨术。结果:所有病例均获随访8～24个月,股骨假体固定可靠,骨折断端对位对线良好,骨折均达到骨性愈合,患肢无疼痛、无肌萎缩,功能恢复正常,Harris评分平均83分。结论:对于髋关节置换术后假体周围骨折治疗应根据其综合情况及骨折分型采用个体化的手术治疗方法,可取得较好的治疗效果。     

鲑鱼降钙素在老年患者全髋关节置换术中的应用分析

目的：观察鲑鱼降钙素对老年患者全髋关节置换术中骨代谢、关节功能恢复及生活质量的影响,评价其临床价值。方法对沈阳市骨科医院134例60岁以上行全髋关节置换术的老年患者随机分为观察组（67例）和对照组（67例）,观察组给予鲑鱼降钙素干预,随访6个月,检测骨代谢指标血清骨钙素（osteocalcin,OC）、骨碱性磷酸酶（bone alkaline phosphatase, BALP）、Ⅰ型胶原交联C端肽（C-terminal telopeptides of typeⅠ collagen,β-CTX）、Ca2+水平及骨密度（bone mineral density, BMD）,疼痛强度差（pain intensity difference,PID）关节功能及生活质量评分。结果术后1、3、6个月血清OC观察组均高于对照组（P＜0.05）;血清β-CTX观察组在3、6个月低于对照组（P＜0.05);血清BALP在术后1、3、6个月对比观察组均低于对照组（P＜0.05);血清Ca2+术后3、6个月观察组高于对照组（P＜0.05);BMD术后1、3、6个月观察组高于对照组（P＜0.05);观察组早期疼痛PID评分在3、6个月高于对照组（P＜0.05);直腿抬高30°时间观察组短于对照组（P＜0.05);髋关节外展45°观察组短于对照组（P＜0.01);Harris评分观察组高于对照组（P＜0.05);SF-36平均分观察组高于对照组（P＜0.05)。结论鲑鱼降钙素在老年人全髋关节置换术中应用可促进成骨过程,抑制破骨过程,减轻患者早期疼痛,促进关节功能恢复及改善生活质量。     

Sagittal spinopelvic alignment predicts hip function after total hip arthroplasty

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between preoperative sagittal spinopelvic alignment and postoperative clinical outcomes after total hip arthroplasty (THA). This retrospective study included 92 patients with hip osteoarthritis who underwent primary THA between May 2013 and October 2015. Patients’ characteristics, radiographic sagittal spinopelvic parameters and modified Harris Hip Scores, including function scores (gait scores and functional activities scores), were investigated. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to determine the associations between each preoperative sagittal spinopelvic parameter and postoperative hip function The preoperative sagittal spinopelvic parameters that were associated with postoperative gait scores were sagittal vertical axis (adjusted β-coefficient = − 0.28, P = 0.02), lumbar lordosis angle (adjusted β-coefficient = 0.29, P = 0.0089), pelvic tilt (adjusted β-coefficient = − 0.25, P = 0.045), sacral slope (adjusted β-coefficient = 0.27, P = 0.017) and pelvic incidence minus lumbar lordosis angle (adjusted β-coefficient = − 0.31, P = 0.01). The preoperative sagittal spinopelvic parameters that were related to the postoperative functional activities scores were sagittal vertical axis (adjusted β-coefficient = − 0.38, P = 0.0051) and pelvic incidence minus lumbar lordosis angle (adjusted β-coefficient = − 0.39, P = 0.0033). Patients with preoperative imbalanced sagittal alignment such as larger sagittal vertical axis, larger pelvic incidence minus lumbar lordosis and retroversion of pelvis had poorer clinical outcomes than others after THA. While, those preoperative imbalanced patients with anteversion of pelvis may have a compensatory ability which could correct the abnormal sagittal alignment after THA. Preoperative sagittal spinopelvic alignment affected postoperative clinical outcomes after THA.     

Endovascular repair of a pseudo-aneurysm of the common femoral artery after revision total hip arthroplasty

Vascular injuries with acute arterial haemorrhage are rare but the infrequency of these complications may make their diagnosis and treatment challenging for surgeons unfamiliar with their management. In the past, surgery or coil embolisation has been used to treat these lesions; we describe the case of a pseudo-aneurysm of the common femoral artery developed during a total hip arthroplasty, promptly managed with an endovascular stent graft.     

Three-dimensional kinematics and kinetics of getting into and out of a car in patients after total hip arthroplasty

BackgroundIn modern society, car usage is one of the most important activities of daily living. However, the three-dimensional (3D) mechanics of getting into and out of a car in total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients have not been studied.Research questionThis study aimed to elucidate the hip kinematics and kinetics of unilateral THA patients while getting into and out of a car.Methods3D motion and ground reaction force data were collected for 40 unilateral primary THA and 30 control participants using motion capture of getting into and out of a car. Normalized joint power was used to determine the individual joint contribution and was calculated by dividing the power of each joint by the total lower-extremity power. These kinematic and kinetic data were compared between unilateral THA and control participants.ResultsWhen getting into the car using the surgical side as the pivot limb, the peak flexion, abduction angle, and normalized power of the pivot hip were significantly lower, and the normalized power of the contralateral ankle was significantly higher. The peak flexion and abduction angle of the pivot hip were significantly lower, and normalized contralateral hip power was significantly higher when getting out of the car. In getting into and out of the car using the contralateral side as the pivot limb, there was no significant difference in the range of motion (RoM) and normalized joint power.SignificanceThe restoration of RoM and muscle strength in the surgical hip joint and adopting the normal side as the pivot limb may allow for a more appropriate balance in motion of getting into and out of a car, which will lead to safe mobility, assist in social participation, and improved quality of life.Level of evidenceLevel III, therapeutic study.     

氨甲环酸在手术患者中的应用进展

手术过程中出血是较为常见的一种情况,术中出血会造成严重的低血压,心肺肾损伤等严重的并发症,增加手术的难度,使患者预后不佳。纤维蛋白溶解亢进导致的术中出血是主要原因之一。目前氨甲环酸（Tranexamic acid, TXA）是抗纤维蛋白溶解剂中应用最广泛的一类药物。TXA的使用可以有效减少手术过程中的出血,但其在手术中的应用途径、剂量等有所争议。本文搜集文献,总结了TXA在几种手术过程中的最新应用数据。探讨TXA的临床使用,了解TXA在临床手术中使用情况,最大程度减少出血的发生。