3．0TMRI在胸腰段椎体外伤病变中的应用

目的探讨3．叩磁共振成像（MRI）在胸腰段椎体外伤病变中的应用价值。方法52例胸腰段椎体外伤患者利用3．0TMRI的轴位、矢状位及冠状位扫描,扫描方法用矢状位：T1WI,T2WI,T2WI＋FS,轴位：T2WI,冠状位：T2WI＋FS。结果椎体骨折37例,脊髓损伤25例,椎体骨髓损伤16例,韧带损伤21例,腰大肌损伤11例,椎管狭窄22例,椎旁血肿4例。结论MRI对胸腰段椎体外伤后的病变显示良好,有很高的应用价值。     

经椎弓根内侧入路减压复位治疗胸腰段椎体爆裂骨折76例临床疗效分析

目的探讨经椎弓根内侧入路减压复位在治疗胸腰段椎体爆裂骨折合并脊髓神经损伤中的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2012年8月—2018年12月陆军军医大学大坪医院脊柱外科收治的胸腰段椎体爆裂骨折合并脊髓神经损伤患者76例,男性47例,女性29例;年龄17～61岁,平均35.6岁。骨折AO分型:A1.3型43例,A2.1型19例,A2.2型7例,A3.1型5例,A3.2型2例。按脊髓损伤程度分为完全性脊髓损伤组5例、不完全性脊髓损伤组71例;根据美国脊髓损伤学会(ASIA)感觉评分和运动评分进行评估,所有患者行后路切开经椎弓根内侧入路减压复位、椎弓根钉棒系统内固定及后外侧植骨融合治疗,均于术前、术后末次随访12个月摄脊柱正侧位X线片和CT片,通过术前、末次随访伤椎椎体前缘高度恢复率、Cobb角、椎管侵占率、ASIA评分4个主要指标评估临床疗效。结果所有患者随访12个月,未发生内固定物断裂及椎体前缘高度丢失等并发症;椎体前缘高度恢复率:术前(47.3%±9.8%),术后12个月(87.1%±4.7%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);Cobb角:术前(29.3°±5.8°),术后12个月(6.3°±2.8°),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);椎管侵占率:术前(29.5%±6.7%),术后12个月(11.3%±5.8%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);完全性脊髓损伤组感觉评分:术前(150±17)分,术后12个月(175±16)分;运动评分:术前(47±14)分,术后12个月(79±11)分,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);不完全性脊髓损伤组感觉评分:术前(167±21)分,术后12个月(186±13)分;运动评分:术前(71±15)分,术后12个月(82±14)分,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论经椎弓根内侧入路减压复位、椎弓根钉棒系统内固定治疗胸腰段椎体爆裂骨折能有效减压、恢复椎体高度、促进脊髓神经功能恢复,临床疗效良好。     

短节段固定融合结合人工骨椎体增强术治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折

目的探讨短节段固定融合结合人工骨椎体增强术治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折的疗效。方法 31例骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折采用短节段固定融合结合人工骨椎体增强术治疗,术后获完整随访,从椎体高度丢失率、后凸Cobb’s角等情况观察手术效果,腰背痛采用视觉模拟(VAS)疼痛评分评价。结果术前与术后椎体前缘、中央高度丢失率、Cobb’s角相比存在统计学差异(P<0.05),末次随访时椎体前缘、中央、后缘高度丢失率、Cobb’s角与术后相比无显著差异(P>0.05)。VAS评分由术前(8.2±1.3)分降至末次随访(2.3±1.0)分(P<0.05)。结论短节段固定融合结合人工骨椎体增强术可重建伤椎前中柱的稳定性,有效防止椎体高度丢失,是治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折一种可行的方法。     

经椎弓根植入生物人工材料骨诱导人工骨加内固定治疗骨质疏松性胸腰段骨折

目的 探讨经椎弓根植入生物人工材料(biological artificial material,BAM)骨诱导人工骨结合椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗骨质疏松性胸腰段骨折的临床疗效.方法 选择2005 -2010年收治的72例骨质疏松性胸腰段骨折患者.采用经椎弓根撬拨复位、BAM骨诱导人工骨植入、后路椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗.收集患者资料并进行随访,所有患者术前、术后以及随访期间行脊柱正、侧位X线片检查,测量伤椎椎体前后缘高度、胸腰段后凸Cobb角、前后椎体高度比.采用美国脊髓损伤协会(ASIA)分级评估神经功能恢复情况,视觉模拟评分(visual analog scale,VAS)评估腰背部疼痛.结果 患者随访12 -28个月,平均18.3个月.患者均获骨性愈合,未发生人工骨移植物排斥反应或内固定松动断裂等并发症,椎体高度及畸形矫正度无明显丧失.除2例Frankel A级患者神经功能无恢复外,其余患者神经功能明显改善.VAS由术前(8.4±2.5)分降至末次随访时的(2.2±1.6)分,患者腰背部疼痛明显缓解.结论 经椎弓根植骨内固定术是治疗骨质疏松性胸腰段骨折有效合理、简单易行的方法,植入的BAM骨诱导人工骨具备良好的生物学和力学性能.     

膨胀式椎弓根螺钉与普通椎弓根螺钉治疗骨质疏松性胸腰段爆裂骨折的疗效分析

目的评价膨胀式椎弓根螺钉系统与普通椎弓根螺钉系统在治疗合并骨质疏松症的胸腰段爆裂性骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2009年1月—2011年12月行后路椎弓根钉固定术的51例合并骨质疏松症的胸腰段爆裂性骨折患者,其中应用膨胀钉25例(膨胀钉组),应用普通钉26例(普通钉组)。术后随访并对比观察椎体前后缘高度改善情况、伤椎Cobb角、术前及术后VAS评分、椎弓根螺钉稳定性及脊柱融合情况。结果 51例患者获得术后平均26.5个月的随访,普通钉组中2例患者出现螺钉松动,膨胀钉组未发生螺钉松动。两组患者骨融合良好,两组患者术后椎体前后缘高度、Cobb角矫正、VAS评分均较术前明显改善(P0.05),且远期随访发现普通钉组椎体高度再丢失高于膨胀钉组(P0.05)。结论经后路膨胀式椎弓根钉固定治疗合并骨质疏松症的胸腰段爆裂性骨折在促进骨折愈合、改善疼痛及减少术后后凸畸形方面均具有良好的临床疗效,且较之普通椎弓根螺钉固定在骨质疏松椎体中具有更好的稳定性,更能维持骨折椎体高度及脊柱后凸Cobb角。     

经椎旁肌间隙入路和传统正中入路行GSS内固定系统治疗胸腰段椎体骨折的效果观察

目的探讨椎旁肌间隙入路并通用型脊柱内固定系统(GSS)治疗胸腰段椎体骨折的临床效果。方法采用随机数字表法将2011年3月~2013年8月收治的90例胸腰段椎体骨折患者分为研究组和对照组各45例,研究组患者采用椎旁肌间隙入路+GSS内固定系统治疗,对照组采用传统正中入路+GSS内固定系统治疗,比较两组患者的手术情况、术前术后不同时间的X线片疗效评价指标、手术前后不同时间的腰背部视觉模拟疼痛评分(VAS)及患者Oswestry(ODI)功能障碍指数的变化情况。结果研究组患者的手术时间(86.3±14.7)min、术中出血量(155.7±38.2)m L、术毕切口内残腔体积(10.3±2.6)m L、手术后引流量(106.6±21.7)m L均显著低于对照组患者(P0.05),两组患者的术后住院时间差异不显著(P0.05)。术后1周两组患者的伤椎椎体前缘高度比值、Cobb角测定值较术前均显著好转(P0.05)。术后末次随访研究组的伤椎前缘高度丢失(1.67±0.21)mm、Cobb角丢失(1.45±0.81)°,均与对照组患者比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后第3个月、末次随访研究组的VAS评分值均显著低于对照组患者(P0.05)。术后末次随访研究组ODI评价为优的比例为75.56%,高于对照组的53.33%,术后末次随访研究组的ODI指数显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论椎旁肌间隙入路并GSS内固定系统治疗胸腰段椎体骨折具有手术时间短、操作简单、固定牢固可靠、术后患者恢复更加良好的优点。     

经皮球囊扩张椎体成形术治疗203例骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折患者临床体会

目的探讨经皮球囊扩张椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2012—2016年于上海新华医院崇明分院就诊的203例骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折患者的临床资料。对患者进行0.3~2.0年的随访,比较治疗前后的视觉模拟评分、病椎前缘高度、病椎中间高度及Cobb角。结果患者治疗前的视觉模拟评分、病椎前缘高度、病椎中间高度、Cobb角分别为(6.128±0.217)分、(1.700±0.657)cm、(1.600±0.583)cm、(16.000°±0.341°);治疗后分别为(2.019±0.192)分、(2.000±0.276)cm、(1.800±0.249)cm、(14.000°±0.527°)。治疗后,各项指标均较治疗前明显改善,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论经皮球囊扩张椎体成形术能够有效改善骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折患者的临床症状,提高生活质量。     

后路椎弓根内固定术联合椎体成形术治疗老年胸腰段脊柱骨折疗效分析

【摘要】 目的 探讨后路椎弓根内固定术联合椎体成形术治疗老年胸腰段脊柱骨折的临床疗效。方法 选取2017年2月至2020年2月驻马店段庄孙全贵骨科医院收治的126例老年胸腰段脊柱骨折患者作为研究对象, 并按照不同治疗方法将其分为研究组(63例)与对照组(63例),研究组患者采用后路椎弓根内固定术联合椎 体成形术治疗,对照组患者单纯采用后路椎弓根内固定术治疗,对比观察两组患者 Cobb角、椎管狭窄率(SSR)、椎体高度压缩率、内固定松动率及骨性愈合率。结果 术后 7 d 及术后 6 个月, 研究组患者 Cobb 角、SSR、椎体前缘压缩率及椎体后缘压缩率均明显小于对照组 (术后 7 d: t = 17.860、7.559、6.251、8.402, P均<0.001;术后6个月:t=16.460、9.641、8.122、9.107,P均<0.001); 术后6个月, 研究组患者内固定松动率为4.8%, 与对照组患者的内固定松动率14.3%无明显差异 (χ2=3.316, P = 0.069); 术后 6 个月, 研究组患者骨性愈合率为95.2%,显著高于对照组患者的骨性愈合率 58.7% (χ2=23.695, P<0.001)。结论 后路椎弓根内固定术联合椎体成形术治疗老年胸腰段脊柱骨折, 有利于椎体高度重建, 减少椎管狭窄的发生,促进骨性愈合,治疗效果较好,值得临床推广应用。     

不减压非融合在手术治疗不稳定AOA型胸腰段骨折中的作用

目的 探讨对于轻度神经损伤的不稳定AO A型胸腰段骨折,不进行减压及融合,单纯行短节段椎弓根螺钉固定手术的疗效. 方法对比分析我院2004年2月-2008年2月手术治疗的AO A型胸腰段骨折(T11～L2)患者42例,分为A组(未植骨组,21例),予单纯短节段椎弓根螺钉固定,而未行椎板切除减压及植骨;B组(植骨组,15例),予椎弓根螺钉固定,不进行椎板切除减压但植骨.对两组术前及术后后凸角、椎体压缩高度进行比较分析. 结果 A组术前局部后凸角平均19.1°(15.4°～29.8°),椎体压缩高度平均46%(30%～63%);术后局部后凸角5.00(0.3°～10.3°),椎体压缩高度10%(0～28%),后凸矫正率79%.平均随访21.2(12～46)个月,随访超过12个月患者21例,末次随访后凸角平均7.0°(1.8°～10.7°),椎体压缩高度10%(2%～22%).B组术前局部后凸角平均25.8°(15.9°～34.5°),椎体压缩高度平均55%(30%～76%);术后局部后凸角7.1°(1.5°～19.1°),椎体压缩高度15%(0～28%),后凸矫正率74%.平均随访17.9(12～31)个月,随访超过12个月患者15例,末次随访后凸角平均8.3°(0.7°～19.2°),椎体压缩高度15%(1%～26%),植骨全部愈合,所有患者末次随访时均无明显腰痛症状,无内固定断裂或椎弓根螺钉拔出.后凸角和椎体压缩高度两组间差异无统计学意义.结论 对于一些神经损伤较轻的AO A型胸腰段骨折,在选择椎弓根螺钉固定时,可考虑不进行椎板切除减压,也不行后外侧植骨融合.     

高龄胸腰椎骨质疏松压缩性骨折经皮椎体成形术治疗效果分析

目的探讨经皮椎体成形术治疗高龄胸腰椎骨质疏松压缩性骨折的效果。方法选择65例胸腰椎骨质疏松压缩性骨折高龄患者,按手术编号随机分为观察组与对照组,观察组33例应用经皮椎体成形术治疗,对照组32例采用非手术疗法,治疗3个月后,比较两组患者疼痛视觉模拟VAS评分,伤椎前后缘高度恢复情况、Cobb’s角矫正情况,并发症发生情况。结果治疗后两组VAS评分均较前降低,且观察组较对照组更明显,两组比较有统计学差异(P<0.05);治疗后观察组伤椎前后缘高度、Cobb’s角改善情况明显优于对照组,两组比较有统计学差异(P<0.05);而并发症发生情况两组比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论经皮椎体成形术治疗高龄胸腰椎骨质疏松压缩性骨折效果肯定。     

胸腰椎骨折术后矫正度丢失与伤椎形态量表的相关性研究

目的探讨胸腰椎骨折术后伤椎矫正度丢失与伤椎形态量表的相关性。方法选取2011年6月~2013年6月后路短节段固定治疗的胸腰椎骨折患者52例,测量患者术前、术后3d及取出内固定3d后的矢状位Cobb角、伤椎压缩率及伤椎上下椎间隙高度,计算矫正度丢失率,并在术前按自制伤椎形态量表对所有伤椎进行评分并分组,对量表评分和矫正度丢失率进行相关性分析。结果所有患者随访13~19个月,平均15.5个月,自制形态量表评分和矫正度丢失率存在明显相关性。三组患者矫正度丢失具有明显差异(P0.05),轻度组Cobb角丢失0.5°,压缩率丢失0.6%;中度组Cobb角丢失2.7°,压缩率丢失4.4%;重度组Cobb角丢失4.1°,压缩率丢失8.4%,说明伤椎量表评分等级高的患者在术后伤椎矫正度丢失越明显,重度组有断钉等并发症。结论自制伤椎形态量表与术后矫正度丢失存在相关性,该量表对胸腰椎骨折的处理有一定的指导意义。     

撬拨复位联合椎体内植骨治疗胸腰椎压缩骨折的疗效

 目的 探讨经伤椎椎弓根撬拨复位联合椎体内植骨治疗胸腰椎压缩骨折的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2010-10至2012-08共49例单节段DenisA型胸腰椎压缩骨折患者在我院手术治疗的病历资料。根据手术方式将其分为A组:23例,采用椎弓根钉棒撑开复位联合撬拨复位椎体内植骨术治疗;B组:26例,采用短节段椎弓根钉撑开固定术治疗。手术前后测量X线片,观察椎体相对高度及后凸角(Cobb角)改善情况,记录手术时间和出血量等数据并进行统计分析。结果 所有手术均顺利完成,切口均一期愈合。B组在手术时间及术中出血量上(130.8±27.7) ml明显低于A组(250.6±51.6) ml,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后1周及末次随访时,两组患者伤椎平均高度和局部Cobb角较术前均有显著恢复(P<0.05);在伤椎平均高度恢复上,A组患者在不同时间点均优于B组(P<0.05);在Cobb角维持上,术后1周时两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但末次随访时A组较B组更有优势 (P<0.05);术后两组患者VAS评分均有显著降低(P<0.05),但至末次随访时A组下降程度更大 (P<0.05)。结论 经伤椎椎弓根撬拨复位联合椎体内植骨是治疗胸腰椎压缩骨折的有效方法,可减少椎体矫形高度丢失及空壳样椎体发生。     

Spinal compression fractures in osteoporotic women: patterns and relationship to hyperkyphosis

A prospective study of thoracic and lumbar spinal fracture distribution and its relationship to thoracic kyphosis was performed in 87 women with osteoporosis. Anterior wedge fractures were most commonly seen in the midthoracic spine and about the thoracolumbar junction, whereas central compression fractures were most common from the first to the fourth lumbar levels. Solitary wedge fractures did not occur above the seventh thoracic vertebra, suggesting that a cause other than osteoporosis must be suspected in any patient with an isolated high thoracic fracture. Analysis of the spinal radiographs obtained in an additional 16 women without osteoporosis revealed that both forms of fracture were unusual in this small group with normal spinal mineralization. The number of anterior wedge fractures in the thoracic spine correlated (r = .546) with the degree of thoracic kyphosis. However, 19% of the women with no thoracic fractures still had thoracic hyperkyphosis. The authors conclude that the hyperkyphosis of osteoporotic women is related to anterior compression fractures but also has contributing nonskeletal factors.     

经椎弓根椎体支柱块置入治疗胸腰椎骨折的短期疗效观察

目的 研究经椎弓根置入椎体支柱块并植骨治疗胸腰椎骨折的方法和疗效. 方法收集2008年3月-2009年7月采用经椎弓根椎体支柱块并植骨治疗胸腰椎骨折患者共23例(25个椎体,共用47枚椎体支柱块),T11骨折2例,T12骨折9例,L1骨折7例,L2骨折5例,其中4例采用椎板间开窗减压椎弓根固定联合椎体支柱块治疗.观察手术操作过程、手术用时、术中出血量、术后及随访期间摄X线片,测定伤椎前缘高度与正常高度的比值、Cobb角的矫正程度及术后早期恢复情况. 结果 23例患者均获7～16个月[(12.5±0.4)个月]随访,术后椎体高度丢失少,术后伤椎前缘压缩率及Cobb角均较术前明显改善(P＜0.05). 结论椎体支柱块治疗胸腰椎骨折可有效恢复椎体力学性能,减少椎体高度再丢失、后凸畸形重现等并发症,具有手术时间短、出血少、恢复快、更符合生物学固定等优点,是治疗胸腰椎骨折较理想的方法.     

Bone mineral content in early-postmenopausal and postmenopausal osteoporotic women: comparison of measurement methods

To investigate associations among methods for noninvasive measurement of skeletal bone mass, we studied 40 healthy early postmenopausal women and 68 older postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Methods included single- and dual-energy quantitative computed tomography (QCT) and dual-photon absorptiometry (DPA) of the lumbar spine, single-photon absorptiometry (SPA) of the distal third of the radius, and combined cortical thickness (CCT) of the second metacarpal shaft. Lateral thoracolumbar radiography was performed, and a spinal fracture index was calculated. There was good correlation between QCT and DPA methods in early postmenopausal women and modest correlation in postmenopausal osteoporotic women. Correlations between spinal measurements (QCT or DPA) and appendicular cortical measurements (SPA or CCT) were modest in healthy women and poor in osteoporotic women. Measurements resulting from one method are not predictive of those by another method for the individual patient. The strongest correlation with severity of vertebral fracture is provided by QCT; the weakest, by SPA. There was a high correlation between single- and dual-energy QCT results, indicating that errors due to vertebral fat are not substantial in these postmenopausal women. Single-energy QCT may be adequate and perhaps preferable for assessing postmenopausal women. The measurement of spinal trabecular bone density by QCT discriminates between osteoporotic women and younger healthy women with more sensitivity than measurements of spinal integral bone by DPA or of appendicular cortical bone by SPA or CCT.     

胸腰椎爆裂骨折去除内固定后后凸畸形发生原因分析

目的 回顾分析胸腰椎爆裂骨折去除内固定后是否继发后凸畸形.方法 18例胸腰椎爆裂骨折(T11～L2)采用短节段椎弓根钉固定术,术后1年取出内固定物,测量内固定取出术后0.5～2年Cobb角度变化及伤椎椎体高度的变化.结果 18例患者(35～68岁)术后随访6～24个月(平均18.7个月),无术中、术后并发症发生,无椎弓根钉断裂或松动现象.与取内固定钉前相比,16例无骨质疏松患者取钉后6个月Cobb角平均丢失0.7°,椎体高度丢失0.8 mm;取钉后1年Cobb角平均丢失1.9°,椎体高度丢失1.1 mm(P＞0.05);取钉后2年Cobb角平均丢失2.4°,椎体高度丢失1.3mm(P＞0.05).合并骨质疏松的2例患者,取钉后6个月Cobb角丢失6°、8°,椎体高度丢失3mm、5 mm;取钉后1年Cobb角丢失13°、17°,椎体高度丢失5 mm、7 mm;取钉后2年Cobb角丢失15°、19°,椎体高度丢失6 mm、7.5 mm.结论 胸腰椎爆裂骨折内固定术后脊柱后凸畸形会有轻度发展,但椎体高度丢失并不明显.若合并骨质疏松,胸腰椎爆裂骨折内固定术后脊柱后凸畸形会明显发展.

Abstract：

Objective To retrospectively analyze whether the kyphosis exists after removal of the internal fixators for thoracolumabar vertebrae fractures. Methods A total of 18 patients (35-68 years old) with thoracolumabar vertebrae fractures (T11-L2 ) were fixed with short segment pedical screw. The fixators were removed one year postoperatively to observe the changes of the Cobb' s angle and trauma vertebra'height. Results All the patients were followed up for 6-24 months ( average 18.7 months),which showed no intraoperative or postoperative complication, breakage or loosening of the screws. Compared to the Cobb angle and the vertebra height before removal of the internal fixators, the average loss of the Cobb angle was 0.7° and that of the vertebra height was 0.8 mm six months after removal of the fixators, 1.9° and 1.1 mm respectively one year after removal of the fixators, and 2.4° and 1.3 mm respectively two years after removal of the fixators in 16 patients without osteoporosis (P ＞0. 05). Among two patients with osteoporosis, the average loss of the Cobb angle and the vertebra height was 6° and 8°respectively and 3 mm and 5 mm respectively six months after removal of the fixators; 13° and 17° respectively and 5 mm and 7 mm respectively one year after removal of the fixators; 15° and 19° respectively and 6 mm and 7.5 mm two years after removal of the fixators. Conclusions After the internal fixation for thoracolumbar vertebrae burst fractures, kyphosis develops mildly, with insignificant change of the vertebral height. While the kyphosis becomes worse after removal of the fixators for thoracolumbar vertebrae burst fractures in patients with osteoporosis.     

Comparative bone density measurements in healthy women and women with osteoporosis

To compare methods of noninvasive measurement of bone mineral content, 40 healthy early postmenopausal women and 68 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis were studied. The methods included mono- and dual-energy quantitative computed tomography (QCT) and dual-photon absorptiometry (DPA) of the lumbar spine, single-photon absorptiometry (SPA) of the distal third of the radius, and combined cortical thickness (CCT) of the second metacarpal shaft. Lateral thoracolumbar radiographic studies were performed and the spinal fracture index calculated. There was good correlation between QCT and DPA methods in early postmenopausal women and moderate correlation in postmenopausal osteoporotic women. Correlations between spinal measurements (QCT or DPA) and appendicular cortical measurements (SPA or CCT) were moderate in healthy women and poor in osteoporotic women. Measurements resulting from one method were not predictive of measurements obtained by another method for individual patients. The strongest correlation with severity of vertebral fracture was provided by QCT and the weakest by SPA. There was good correlation between single- and dual-energy QCT results. Osteoporotic women and younger healthy women can be distinguished by the measurement of spinal trabecular bone density using QCT, and this method is more sensitive than the measurement of spinal integral bone by DPA or of appendicular cortical bone by SPA or CCT.     

椎体成形联合Schanz螺钉治疗骨质疏松性胸腰段椎体压缩骨折的疗效分析

目的探讨椎体成形术(PVP)联合Schanz螺钉治疗骨质疏松性胸腰段椎体压缩骨折的临床疗效,分析其与球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术(PKP)在有效性、安全性方面的差异。方法回顾性分析北京市顺义区医院2016年1月—2017年3月治疗的105例骨质疏松性脊柱压缩骨折患者临床资料,根据手术方式分为PVP联合Schanz螺钉组与PKP组。两组患者在年龄、性别、体重指数(BMI)、骨密度(BMD)方面差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。统计两组患者手术时间、骨水泥用量、骨水泥渗漏、术前与术后伤椎椎体后凸角(cobb角)的差值、术前和术后VAS评分,通过SPSS 20.0软件系统分析两者的差异。结果两组病例术后VAS评分较术前均有明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);术前与术后伤椎椎体后凸角(Cobb角)的差值,PVP联合Schanz螺钉组为(11.23±2.34)°、PKP组为(4.12±0.98)°,两组差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者在术中骨水泥用量、骨水泥渗漏方面差异无统计学意义(P0.05);手术时间PVP联合Schanz螺钉组为(61±12)min、PKP组为(42±11)min,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论两种手术方式在缓解疼痛方面均具有良好的短期临床效果,在矫正伤椎后凸方面PVP联合Schanz螺钉优于PKP,但手术耗时较长。     

New symptomatic compression fracture after percutaneous vertebroplasty at the thoracolumbar junction

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the risk factors for new symptomatic vertebral compression fractures after vertebroplasty at the thoracolumbar junction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 53 patients treated with percutaneous vertebroplasty at the thoracolumbar junction (T12, L1). The follow-up period was 15-27 months. The occurrence of new symptomatic vertebral compression fractures was recorded after vertebroplasty. We evaluated patient age and sex, amount of injected cement, vacuum clefts in the collapsed bodies, initial wedge angle of the compression fracture, change of the wedge angle after vertebroplasty, intradiskal cement leak, and percentage of height restoration of the vertebral body. In this report, we surveyed the possible risk factors for new symptomatic vertebral compression fractures. RESULTS: Thirty-nine (74%) of the 53 patients had fluid and/or air in the compression fracture at the thoracolumbar junction (T12, L1). Eight (20.5%) of the 39 patients with vacuum clefts had new symptomatic compression fracture after vertebroplasty between 1 month and 4 days after surgery to 23 months and 4 days after surgery. The patients with new symptomatic compression fracture had higher initial wedge angle and wedge angle change (more than 7 degrees ) after vertebroplasty than those without fractures; these data were considered statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of vacuum clefts in the compression fracture at the thoracolumbar junction is high (74%). The severity of initial wedge angle and wedge angle change affects the incidence of new symptomatic compression fracture.     

跨伤椎与经伤椎短节段内固定术在治疗胸腰椎椎体骨折的临床观察

目的探讨跨伤椎与经伤椎短节段内固定在胸腰椎椎体骨折的临床疗效。方法收集亳州市人民医院骨科2015年1月～2016年7月收治的50例经短节段内固定治疗的胸腰椎椎体骨折患者进行回顾性分析,采用跨伤椎短节段内固定手术的22例(对照组)和采用经伤椎短节段内固定手术的28例(实验组),比较两组患者术前、术后、术后6个月的椎体前缘高度比、矢状面Cobb角的变化及手术时间、术中出血量。结果 (1)在椎体前缘高度比、矢状面Cobb角的对照中,术前两组间比较差别无统计学意义(P0.05),术后与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);术后两组间对照中,实验组的椎体前缘高度比(88.8±10.5)%大于对照组(85.1±10.1)%、矢状面Cobb角(5.7±3.2)°小于对照组(6.3±4.7)°,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);术后6个月两组间对照中,实验组的椎体前缘高度比(86.0±10.4)%大于对照组(80.6±10.4)%、矢状面Cobb角(6.8±3.6)°小于对照组(12.1±5.6)°,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)手术时间、出血量实验组分别为(125±20.5)min和(252.6±48.4)m L,均大于对照组(100±26.4)min和(146.4±50.2)m L,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论经伤椎短节段内固定在胸腰椎椎体骨折的后凸畸形矫正、骨折椎体高度重建、术后恢复上优于跨伤椎短节段内固定,手术时间长,出血多。