不同类型冠心病患者血清脂联素水平及冠心病危险因素的变化

目的探讨不同类型冠心病患者血清脂联素水平和冠心病危险因素的变化及两者的相关性。方法冠心病患者90例:稳定型心绞痛组(SAP)22例,不稳定型心绞痛组(UAP)32例,急性心肌梗死组(AMI)36例;对照组(CG)30例。测定身高、体重、腰围、臀围、空腹血糖(FPG)、胰岛素(FINS)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和血清脂联素(APN)水平,并计算体重指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)及胰岛素敏感性指数(ISI)。结果冠心病组血清APN水平明显降低,且SAP、UAP、AMI三组血清APN水平依次降低。SAP组FINS升高、ISI降低;UAP组FINS、TC、TG升高,吸烟年限长,ISI降低;AMI组BMI、WHR、FINS、TC、TG、LDL-C升高,吸烟年限长,ISI、HDL-C降低。冠心病患者血清APN与BMI、WHR、FINS、TG、LDL-C呈负相关,与ISI、HDL-C呈正相关。结论冠心病患者血清APN水平降低,SAP、UAP、AMI三组血清APN水平依次降低,冠心病危险因素依次增多。冠心病患者血清APN水平与冠心病危险因素密切相关。     

Serum adiponectin levels predict the risk of coronary heart disease in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes

Aims/Introduction

An inverse association between adiponectin and coronary heart disease (CHD) has been found in Caucasians, but it is uncertain whether this association can be extrapolated to the East Asian population. The present study aimed to investigate whether serum adiponectin levels can predict CHD in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes as observed in Caucasians.

Materials and Methods

This longitudinal study included 504 patients with type 2 diabetes (342 men and 162 women) who were admitted to Sumitomo Hospital between July 2005 and December 2006. We used Cox proportional hazard analysis to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of CHD associated with serum adiponectin levels at baseline.

Results

During a median follow up of 5.7 years (2177 person‐years), 40 participants had new CHD and 10 had recurrent CHD. After multivariate adjustment, the highest compared with the lowest quartile of serum adiponectin levels had a significantly reduced risk of CHD (hazard ratio [HR] 0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.13–0.94; P = 0.017). The multivariate adjusted HR for the risk of CHD according to a doubling of adiponectin at baseline was 0.61 (95% CI 0.39–0.97; P = 0.037).

Conclusions

High serum adiponectin levels are significantly associated with a lower risk of CHD in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. This association is independent of other well‐known CHD risk factors.     

老年冠心病患者血清脂联素及肺炎衣原体抗体等水平的观察

目的 探讨老年冠心病(CHD) 患者血清脂联素、肺炎衣原体(Cpn)抗体及细胞间黏附分子-1 (ICAM-1)等水平的变化及其临床意义. 方法 临床确诊的老年CHD病人300例,以342例健康查体者为对照组,放免法测定其血清脂联素,ELISA法检测血清Cpn抗体及ICAM-1、C反应蛋白(CRP)、白介素-6(IL-6)水平,同时对其作血脂分析. 结果 老年CHD患者血清Cpn IgA抗体阳性率显著高于对照组(P＜0.01),IgM抗体则与对照组无显著差异;急性心肌梗死(AMI)及不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)者Cpn IgG抗体阳性率明显高于对照组(P＜0.05).CHD病人血清脂联素明显低于对照组(P＜0.01),而ICAM-1、CRP及IL-6则明显高于对照组(P＜0.05). 结论 Cpn抗体高阳性率及脂联素的降低与老年冠心病之间存在联系,而患者血清ICAM-1、CRP及IL-6水平的升高也提示炎症反应在冠心病的发生发展中起着重要作用.     

脂联素与冠心病关系的研究进展

脂联素(APN)是脂肪组织分泌的一种细胞因子。具有增强胰岛素敏感性、调节糖脂代谢、抗动脉粥样硬化、抗炎症等诸多作用,与冠心病的发生发展密切相关。     

Longitudinal change in coronary heart disease risk factors in older runners

BACKGROUND: it is currently not clear how coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors change over time in chronic exercisers. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to describe the longitudinal change in CHD risk factors in chronically endurance-trained men and women, and to determine the exercise and nutritional factors associated with those respective changes. METHODS AND RESULTS: ninety-one middle-aged runners (56 male, 35 female) were tested on two occasions approximately 10 years apart (aged 50.8 +/- 8.0 versus 60.0 +/- 7.9 years at respective visits). Body composition, VO2max, blood pressure (BP) and blood chemistries were measured, and the subjects' self-reported training and nutritional history. Data were analysed by factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multivariate step-wise regression. Among the entire sample, training volume decreased (61.1 +/- 28.2 versus 44.7 +/- 24.6 km/week, P<0.05) but nutritional variables did not change. Body fat (16.9 +/- 5.3% for men versus 21.1 +/- 5.3% for women, P<0.05), blood lipids, blood glucose and systolic and diastolic BP all changed negatively over the study duration. These changes occurred similarly in both genders and irrespective of menstrual and hormone replacement status among the women. Lastly, the changes in CHD risk factors were not predicted by change in exercise or nutritional patterns. CONCLUSIONS: despite the maintenance of significant volumes of exercise and the absence of changes in diet, most CHD risk factors demonstrated unfavourable changes over 10 years in chronic men and women runners. However, the absolute values for most CHD risk factors remained better than those reported for sedentary peers of comparable age.     

Adiponectin and risk of coronary heart disease in older men and women

Context: Despite established insulin-sensitizing and antiatherogenic preclinical effects, epidemiological investigations of adiponectin have yielded conflicting findings, and its relationship with coronary heart disease (CHD) remains uncertain. Objective: Our objective was to investigate the relationship between adiponectin and CHD in older adults. Design, Setting, and Participants: This was a case-control study (n = 1386) nested within the population-based Cardiovascular Health Study from 1992-2001. Controls were frequency-matched to cases by age, sex, race, subclinical cardiovascular disease, and center. Main Outcome Measures: Incident CHD was defined as angina pectoris, percutaneous or surgical revascularization, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), or CHD death. A more restrictive CHD endpoint was limited to nonfatal MI and CHD death. Results: Adiponectin exhibited significant negative correlations with baseline adiposity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, inflammatory markers, and leptin. After controlling for matching factors, adjustment for waist to hip ratio, hypertension, smoking, alcohol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, creatinine, and leptin revealed a modestly increased risk of incident CHD with adiponectin concentrations at the upper end [odds ratio = 1.37 (quintile 5 vs. 1-4), 95% confidence interval 1.02-1.84]. This association was stronger when the outcome was limited to nonfatal MI and fatal CHD (odds ratio = 1.69, 95% confidence interval 1.23-2.32). The findings were not influenced by additional adjustment for weight change, health status, or cystatin C, nor were they abolished by adjustment for potential mediators. Conclusions: This study shows an association between adiponectin and increased risk of first-ever CHD in older adults. Further research is needed to elucidate the basis for the concurrent beneficial and detrimental aspects of this relationship, and under what circumstances one or the other may predominate.     

血清铁蛋白与冠心病

目的 :探讨血清铁蛋白与冠心病 (CHD)的关系。方法 :对经冠状动脉造影证实的 4 8例CHD患者及6 7例非CHD(NCHD)患者 ,进行血清铁蛋白测定 ,将冠状动脉狭窄病变进行Gensini积分 ,并与血清铁蛋白浓度进行相关分析。结果 :CHD患者血清铁蛋白水平比NCHD组明显升高 (P <0 .0 1) ,血清铁蛋白与冠状动脉狭窄病变Gensini积分明显相关 (r=0 .4 76 ,P <0 .0 1)。结论 :CHD患者血清铁蛋白升高 ,且血管病变越重 ,血清铁蛋白升高越明显 ,因此 ,血清铁蛋白可作为冠状动脉病变程度的参考指标之一     

Serum lipoproteins and coronary heart disease

It is necessary to examine lipid abnormalities at a macromolecular level, with emphasis on the transport lipoproteins rather than on cholesterol and triglyceride values alone. Methods for determining serum lipoproteins, which can be adapted for a small laboratory, are now available and are recommended for general clinical use. It is becoming increasingly apparent that the process of atherosclerosis has a long natural history that begins in childhood, and that it is now possible to study children for potential risk.     

Serum selenium and coronary heart disease risk factors in southern Italian men.

The association between serum selenium concentration and a number of coronary heart disease risk factors is studied in 364 males from southern Italy participating in the Olivetti Heart Study. Selenium correlates positively and significantly with serum cholesterol (r = 0.120; P = 0.022), and this positive association persists after adjustment for age and body mass index. Selenium levels in heavy smokers are lower than both light smokers and current non-smokers, but these differences do not reach statistical significance. Selenium is not significantly associated with any of the other CHD risk factors (e.g., triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, blood pressure, age, and body mass index). It is hypothesized that the association between selenium and serum cholesterol reported in this and previous studies could be due to dietary interrelationships between selenium intake and foods that affect serum cholesterol concentrations.     

脂联素与冠心病类型和心血管危险因素的关系

目的:明确冠心病(CHD)患者脂联素(APN)水平是否下降,确定低APN血症是否是CHD的危险因素及APN水平与CHD类型和心血管危险因素间的关系。方法:117例研究对象分为对照组(CO)、稳定型心绞痛组(SAP)和急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)组。SAP、ACS组与CO组进行比较了解CHD患者APN水平;比较不同类型患者的APN水平以确定APN水平与CHD类型间的关系;经logistic回归分析确定低APN血症是否是CHD的危险因素;比较合并某一心血管危险因素者与不合并者的APN水平,了解心血管危险因素对APN水平的影响。结果:CO组、SAP组、ACS组3组比较APN呈降低趋势(10.61±3.38,6.98±3.18,4.59±3.69,P0.05);逐步logistic回归分析结果显示低APN血症(OR值=0.788,p=0.041)、高胆固醇血症(OR值=5.096,p=0.009)为CHD患病的独立危险因素;超重或肥胖、血脂异常、男性、吸烟、合并3个及3个以上危险因素的CHD患者APN水平降低(P0.05),合并高血压和糖尿病者APN水平无明显下降。结论:CHD患者APN水平下降,ACS患者APN水平较SAP患者进一步下降。低APN血症是CHD的危险因素。肥胖、吸烟、男性、血脂异常可使APN水平下降,且合并心血管危险因素多者APN水平进一步降低。     

Serum urate and the risk of major coronary heart disease events.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of endothelial vasodilating factors in adaptation of myocardial blood flow to increased metabolic demands. DESIGN: Alterations in the effects of endothelium dependent (acetylcholine) and independent (sodium nitroprusside) vasodilators and the beta 1 receptor agonist dobutamine were studied after inhibition of endothelium derived relaxing factor (EDRF) with L-NG-nitro-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), prostanoid synthesis with indomethacin, and ATP sensitive potassium channels with glibenclamide. EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS: Female Wistar rats, in situ perfused heart. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Myocardial blood flow (H2 clearance); systolic fractional thickening (pulsed Doppler); mean arterial blood pressure. RESULTS: L-NAME reduced myocardial blood flow by 58 (12)% (mean (SD), P < 0.001) and systolic thickening fraction (FT) by 36 (9)% (P < 0.05). These effects were significantly reversed by administration of L-arginine but not D-arginine. Pretreatment with L-NAME inhibited the increase in myocardial blood flow caused by acetylcholine (control: +42 (9)%; L-NAME: -29 (7)%, P < 0.001) but did not affect the increase in myocardial blood flow caused by sodium nitroprusside (control: +44 (5)%; L-NAME: +34 (10)%, NS). Pretreatment with L-NAME did not change the effect of dobutamine on myocardial blood flow (+61 (3)%) and FT (+32 (8)%) compared with baseline values (P < 0.001). Neither pretreatment with indomethacin nor with glibenclamide reduced the dobutamine induced increase in myocardial blood flow. CONCLUSIONS: Inhibition of EDRF, prostanoid synthesis, and ATP sensitive potassium channels did not reduce the vasodilator reserve during increased metabolic demands induced by beta 1 adrenergic stimulation. Therefore, adaptation of myocardial blood flow to increased metabolic demands is independent of endothelial relaxing factors in the rat heart.     

脂联素在冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病及其危险因素中的研究进展

脂联素是由脂肪细胞分泌的一种激素,具有增强胰岛素敏感性、改善葡萄糖代谢等多种生理作用。脂联素与冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病、肥胖、糖尿病、高血压、心肌缺血再灌注损伤等密切相关,该文介绍脂联素在冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病及其危险因素中的作用。     

Serum plant sterols as a potential risk factor for coronary heart disease

In patients with the inherited disease of phytosterolemia, elevated concentrations of plant sterols (eg, campesterol and sitosterol) have been implicated as a risk factor for premature atherosclerosis. Whether plasma concentrations of campesterol and sitosterol are risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) in nonphytosterolemia subjects has not been established. Therefore, the present study examined the role of plant sterols in patients admitted for elective artery coronary bypass graft (ACBG). Serum concentrations of campesterol and sitosterol, as well as lathosterol, desmosterol, cholestanol, and lipoproteins were analyzed in 42 men and 11 women without lipid-lowering treatment during the past. Twenty-six patients reported a positive family history in their first-degree relatives for CHD. Lipid profile and other risk factors were comparable in both groups. Patients with a positive family history for CHD had significant higher plasma levels of campesterol (.50 +/-.17 v.38 +/-.16 mg/dL; P =.011), sitosterol (.40 +/-.11 v.31 +/-.11 mg/dL; P =.004) and their ratios to cholesterol. Lathosterol, desmosterol, cholestanol, and their ratios to cholesterol were not significantly different. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) analysis showed no influence of sex, age, triglycerides, total-, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol on the results, but confirmed a strong influence of plant sterols. These findings support the hypothesis that plant sterols might be an additional risk factor for CHD.