踝关节骨折脱位治疗方法的探讨

目的 探讨各种不同的踝关节骨折脱位的治疗方法与疗效。方法 对100例踝关节骨折脱位患者,分别采取手法复位石膏外固定、手术切开复位与多种内固定等不同的治疗方法,通过对其临床资料进行回顾性分析,探讨不同治疗方法及其疗效。结果 本组100例踝关节骨折脱位中,随访12～38月,平均16月,其中非手术组18例,优8例,良4例,可4例,差2例,优良率67％;手术组82例,优55例,良18例,可5例,差4例,优良率89％。结论 踝关节骨折脱位的治疗应根据骨折类型及局部软组织损伤程度而选择不同的治疗方法。恰当的治疗方法、合适的内固定、早期手术及功能锻炼是治疗成功的关键。     

踝关节骨折脱位治疗方法探讨

目的探讨各种踝关节骨折脱位的治疗方法及疗效。方法采用手法复位、U形石膏外固定和切开复位多种内固定治疗踝关节骨折脱位34例,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果参照苟三怀疗效评定标准,非手术组8例中,优5例,良2例,可1例,差0例,优良率为87.5%;手术组26例,优20例,良4例,可2例,差0例,优良率为92.30%。结论踝关节骨折脱位的治疗应根据骨折类型和局部软组织损伤情况,选择恰当的治疗方法。稳定的踝关节骨折采用手法复位及石膏固定可获得满意疗效;有移位的踝关节骨折脱位,手法整复位达不到解剖复位者,应手术切开复位内固定。     

踝关节骨折脱位中后踝骨折的治疗策略

目的探讨踝关节骨折脱位中后踝骨折固定方法的选择。方法对21例伴有后踝骨折的踝关节骨折均采用手术治疗,后踝固定采取空心螺钉或T形钛板螺钉,术后1周开始功能锻炼。结果随访6～36个月,按Baird-Jackson踝关节功能评分标准:优15例,良4例,可1例,差1例。结论踝关节骨折脱位中后踝骨折应手术治疗,根据复位情况采取空心螺钉或T形钛板螺钉固定,恢复骨性结构、内外侧副韧带的张力,术后早期功能锻炼,促进关节功能恢复。     

合并脱位的踝关节骨折手术治疗体会

目的探讨合并脱位的踝关节骨折手术治疗体会。方法手术治疗合并距骨脱位的踝关节骨折52例,入院后均即刻手法牵引整复骨折及脱位,然后根据软组织损伤肿胀状况,即刻行手术治疗28例,延期手术(伤后10~14d后)24例。结果 37例获平均19个月(7～27个月)随访,骨折愈合时间平均为13周(10～16周)。采用Olerud-Molander踝关节功能评分:优22例,良10例,可4例,差1例,优良率86.5%。结论对于严重踝关节骨折脱位病人,早期闭合复位脱位和骨折对临床结果有重要意义。     

后内外侧联合切口经踝关节脱位手术入路治疗陈旧性三踝骨折

目的探讨后内外侧联合切口经踝关节脱位手术入路治疗陈旧性三踝骨折的临床疗效。方法对15例陈旧性三踝骨折患者采用后内外侧联合切口经踝关节脱位手术入路,暴露后踝骨折固定。采用AOFAS踝-后足评分标准评价术后疗效。结果 15例均获得随访,时间16~24个月。患者均骨性愈合,无感染、复位丢失及内固定松动发生。术后AOFAS评分为65~90(75.8±6.5)分,优3例,良7例,可3例,差2例。差2例出现创伤性骨关节炎,接受理疗及药物治疗后,病情好转,可耐受行走。结论后内外侧联合切口经踝关节脱位手术入路可充分暴露后踝骨折,能获得陈旧性三踝骨折的解剖复位,临床疗效优良。     

不同类型踝关节骨折的手术治疗

目的 探讨不同类型踝关节骨折的手术方法和疗效。方法 采用切开复位内固定术治疗踝关节骨折87例。结果 82例获随访,时间1-3年。优57例,良15例,可6例,差4例,优良率达87.8%。结论 外踝骨折和下胫腓联合损伤的复位及固定是治疗踝关节骨折的关节。     

踝关节骨折治疗体会

目的探讨不同方法治疗踝关节骨折的效果。方法于2005年5月至2007年5月收治30例踝关节骨折病人,12例手法复位石膏外固定,18例手术治疗。结果随访6～24个月,非手木组10得到随访,其中优6例,良2例,可1例,差1例,优良率占80.0%.手木组16得到随访,其中优12例、良2例、差2例,优良率占87.5%。结论踝关节骨折只要掌握好适应症,保守治疗和手术治疗同样有效。     

踝关节骨折脱位23例的手术治疗体会

目的探讨踝关节骨折脱位的手术治疗。方法2003年至2006年我院收治踝关节骨折脱位23例,经手术切开复位,钢板、螺丝钉、张力带钢丝内固定。结果经随访,优16例(69.6%),良5例(21.8%),差2例(8.6%),优良率91.4%。结论切开复位内固定术具有直视下容易达到解剖复位的优点。固定牢固后能早期开始关节功能活动,且不需外固定,有助于患者踝关节功能的早期康复。     

改良Ilizarov外固定器治疗复杂踝关节骨折脱位

目的 :应用改良Ilizarov外固定器治疗复杂的踝关节骨折脱位。方法 :对 2 4例复杂踝关节骨折脱位采用手法复位 ,闭合穿针改良Ilizarov外固定器固定进行治疗。结果 :本组2 4例中优 12例 ,良 10例 ,差 2例 ,总优良率 91.67%。骨折的平均愈合时间为 7.5周。结论 :应用改良Ilizarov外固定器治疗复杂踝关节骨折脱位疗效满意 ;应用橄榄针穿针弹性固定下胫腓联合分离 ,符合生物学固定的原则 ,是治疗下胫腓联合分离的一种有效方法。     

尺骨冠状突骨折合并肘关节脱位的治疗

目的分析尺骨冠状突骨折合并肘关节脱位的分型和治疗方法。方法15例尺骨冠状突骨折合并肘关节脱位按Reagan-Morrey分型,Ⅰ型4例采用石膏固定制动3周;Ⅱ型7例采用手术治疗,肘前方入路切开复位,前后方向拉力螺丝钉固定,早期功能锻炼;Ⅲ型4例采用手术或保守治疗,石膏固定6周。结果Ⅰ型中优2例,良1例,差1例。Ⅱ型中优4例,良2例,差1例。Ⅲ型中良2例,差2例。结论按照Reagan-Mor-rey分型指导治疗,效果较好。对于Ⅱ、Ⅲ型骨折中无粉碎骨块者,手术治疗预后好。Ⅰ型骨折石膏固定2~3周也可取得较好疗效。     

手术治疗涉及后踝的踝关节骨折

目的 探讨涉及后踝的踝关节骨折的手术方法及临床疗效.方法手术治疗36例涉及后踝骨折的踝关节骨折患者.结果 36例均获随访,时间12～21个月.骨折愈合时间10～16周.根据美国足与踝关节协会（AOFAS）评分：优19例,良13例,可4例,优良率为88.9%.结论 根据骨折类型选择手术方式和固定方法,切开复位内固定治疗涉及后踝的踝关节骨折,可保证踝关节获得解剖复位,最大限度地恢复踝关节功能.     

累及后踝的踝关节骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨累及后踝的踝关节骨折的损伤机制、手术方法和治疗效果。方法自2008年7月至2012年3月间,手术治疗累及后踝的踝关节骨折共42例,男30例,女12例,应用Lauge-Hansen分类,旋后外旋型21例,旋前外旋型12例,旋前外展型9例。后踝骨折根据CT分类,Ⅰ型22例,Ⅱ型12例,Ⅲ型8例。后踝骨折根据骨块大小和关节面的塌陷情况,采用后侧支撑钢板或多枚拉力螺钉固定。结果 42例均获随访,随访时间12~24个月,骨折愈合时间10~18周。根据美国足与踝关节协会(American orthopaedic foot and ankle society,AOFAS)评分,优21例,良15例,可6例,优良率为85.7%。结论累及后踝的踝关节骨折,常伴有胫骨远端关节面塌陷和踝关节后脱位或半脱位,根据骨折类型选择手术方式和固定方法,可保证踝关节获得解剖复位,最大限度恢复踝关节功能。     

Traumatische Luxation der Tibialis posterior Sehne

Traumatic dislocations of the tibialis posterior tendon are a rare entity compared to other injuries of the ankle joint. It should be considered if the patient presents with the mechanism of an ankle sprain in combination with severe pain in the region of the internal malleolus. We report of two cases of a traumatic dislocation of the tibialis posterior tendon and discuss the clinical image and the operative treatment.     

后侧腓骨钢板内固定在踝关节骨折中的应用

目的：探讨踝关节骨折治疗的新方法并评价其疗效。方法：手术治疗踝关节骨折42例,对其中资料完整的34例进行分析,男19例,女15例。根据Weber-AO分类：B型28例,C型6例。应用Baird和Jackson评分系统对其术后疗效进行评定,并将骨折类型、骨折固定方法、术后功能锻炼时间与最终功能的关系进行分析。对34例Weber-AO分型的B型及C型踝关节骨折,采用腓骨后侧钢板内固定,以避免螺钉对关节面的损伤,对同时伴有后踝骨折的病例,同时一个切口对腓骨及后踝进行固定。结果：随访时间1.2～3.2年,平均1.8年。34例中疗效为优24例,良6例,可4例,优良率为88.2%。结论：腓骨后侧钢板内固定治疗踝关节骨折,避免了螺钉对关节面的损伤,增加了螺钉的把持力,并可一个切口同时完成外踝及后踝骨折的治疗,为踝关节骨折治疗提供了一个新方法。     

微创经皮内固定治疗复杂踝部骨折53例

目的：探讨微创内固定治疗复杂踝部骨折的手术方法和临床疗效。方法：自2007年1月至2011年12月,采用微创经皮内固定治疗53例复杂踝部骨折患者,男31例,女22例;年龄18-65岁,平均38．2岁。按Lauge-Hansen分型：旋后外旋型Ⅳ度32例,旋前外旋型Ⅲ、Ⅳ度13例,旋前外展型Ⅲ度5例,因腓骨骨折严重粉碎无法分类3例。Denis—Weber分类：A型4例,B型34例,C型15例。受伤至手术时间2h-14d,平均5d。骨折复位固定顺序为后踝、内踝、外踝和下胫腓联合。后踝骨折采用踝前切口间接复位固定,内外踝骨折采用经皮螺钉、接骨板或张力带固定,必要时螺钉固定下胫腓联合。术后采用Baird-Jackson评价系统进行疗效评价。结果：48例获随访,时间10-36个月,平均13个月。骨折全部愈合,愈合时间10-18周,平均12周。根据Baird-Jackson评价系统进行疗效评定,术后踝关节功能平均（94．7±4．2）分,其中优28例,良15例,可3例,差2例。1例发生皮肤浅表性感染,经换药治愈;2例发生下胫腓联合固定螺钉断裂。结论：采用微创经皮内固定治疗复杂踝部骨折可保证踝关节获得解剖复位,保护骨折端血运及软组织覆盖,最大限度地恢复踝关节功能,获得满意的临床疗效。     

Rupture of the deltoid ligament in ankle fractures: should it be repaired?

In the 2 years after January 1984 we treated 290 fractures of the lateral malleolus in adults, 169 (58 per cent) of them operatively according to the AO-ASIF principles. In 28 fractures (10 per cent) there was also a rupture of the deltoid ligament. These patients were all operated upon, without exploring the medial side of the ankle joint. Postoperative treatment involved movements and partial weight bearing for 6 weeks. These 28 patients were reviewed after an average interval of 18 months. The Weber scoring system was used to assess the results. In 20 cases there was a very good or good result. In eight cases the result was poor. No patient had any sign of medial laxity either clinically or on eversion-stress radiographs. Some patients had signs of osteoarthritis. Clinical relevance: After anatomical reconstruction of the lateral malleolus with perfect congruity of the ankle mortise there is no need to explore and suture the ruptured deltoid ligament. After rigid internal fixation of the lateral malleolus postoperative treatment can allow full function.     

三角韧带损伤在旋后一外旋型踝关节骨折治疗中的意义

背景：旋后-外旋型踝关节骨折临床常见,三角韧带是否损伤是判定损伤严重程度与影响预后的重要因素。同时三角韧带是否修补与如何修补一直是大家争论的问题。目的：探讨三角韧带的解剖与组织特性,探讨损伤之后的诊断与治疗方法。方法：新鲜尸体标本10具,将内踝与距骨内侧结节之间的软组织由浅至深逐层解剖,胫后肌腱深层部分送检,HE染色后显微镜观察。记录2007年1月至2008年12月,旋后-外旋踝关节损伤患者40例的临床资料。结果：位于胫后肌腱深层的软组织,无论大体解剖还是显微结构,均分为两层、表面是胫后肌腱腱鞘鞘膜,深层是位于内踝后丘与距骨结节之间的三角韧带,宽10．8±1．5mm,长10．4±1．9mm,厚6．4±0．5mm。40例患者没有内侧切开处理三角韧带,随访终点结果良好。结论：三角韧带损伤临床常见,建议必要的辅助检查,分清内踝前丘、后丘与三角韧带的损伤情况。选择合适的手术方式,恢复踝关节的稳定性与关节面平整。     

The effect of minimally displaced posterior malleolar fractures on decision making in minimally displaced lateral malleolus fractures

Purpose

Despite the high incidence of cases of minimally displaced lateral or posterior malleolus ankle fractures, treatment guidelines are still an issue of controversy. The purpose of this study was to delineate treatment preferences among orthopaedic surgeons in these fractures with and without concomitant posterior malleolus fractures. We hypothesized that concomitant minimally displaced fractures of the posterior malleolus can shift treatment preference towards operative intervention.

Methods

A questionnaire-based study was conducted among orthopaedic surgeons attending the 2012 European Federation of National Associations of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Conference (EFORT) in Berlin, Germany. Treatment preferences were reported for minimally displaced lateral malleolus fractures seen on radiographs and were then compared with treatment preferences when computed tomography (CT) was added revealing a concomitant minimally displaced posterolateral fracture of the posterior malleolus.

Results

The cohort comprised 177 surgeons from all six continents. When radiographs showing a minimally displaced lateral malleolus fracture were presented, nonoperative management was indicated by 35 % (62) of participants, whereas 65 % (115) preferred operative intervention. After CT views were added showing an accompanying minimally displaced posterolateral posterior malleolus fracture, 79 % (140) suggested operative intervention and only 21 % (37) advocated nonoperative management (p = 0.03).

Conclusions

Most surgeons prefer open reduction with internal fixation for minimally displaced lateral malleolar fractures. The presence of concomitant posterior malleolus fractures in these cases shifts treatment preference further towards open reduction with internal fixation. Because the posterior malleolus fragment might not be well delineated on standard ankle radiographs, a high index of suspicion is warranted, and the use of CT should be considered in these cases.     

Frakturen des oberen Sprunggelenks

Malleolar fractures predominately result from a dislocation force at the ankle and are usually accompanied by injuries of the collateral ligaments and the tibiofibular syndesmosis. Forced abduction, adduction or external rotation of the foot against the tibia produce the typical sequence of bony and ligamentous injuries at the ankle joint. With the foot in supination at the time of injury, the deforming force acts first on the lateral malleolus, with the foot in pronation the force acts first on the medial malleolus. Fracture-dislocations must be reduced as an emergency under sufficient analgesia. Early stabilization is generally preferable for all displaced and unstable ankle fractures. With operative treatment, exact reconstruction of the articular surface, restoration of the length and rotational alignment of the fibula and fixation of osseous or ligamentous syndesmotic injuries are important prognostic factors. Non-operative, functional treatment leads to good long-term results in isolated, non-displaced fractures of the medial or lateral malleolus provided that instability of the ankle mortise has been definitely ruled out. Treatment of pediatric and adolescent malleolar fractures follows the same principles and has to respect the growth plate which ossifies over an 18 month period. Special attention has to be paid to hereditary or acquired neuropathy with dramatically increased healing times and complication rates.