十二指肠乳头旁憩室合并胆总管结石的内镜治疗

目的 探讨诊疗性内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(EKCP)及内镜下乳头括约肌切开术(EST)对十二指肠乳头旁憩室合并胆总管结石治疗的方法及价值.方法 回顾性分析48例十二指肠乳头旁憩室合并胆总管结石患者的十二指肠乳头旁憩室与十二指肠乳头的关系及其对ERCP成功率、EST及其并发症的影响.结果 该组48例十二指肠乳头旁憩室合并胆总管结石患者,占所发现十二指肠乳头旁憩室的60%(48/80).EKCP造影成功率97.9%(47/48),47例患者中45例(95.7%)成功施行EST取石.2例EST失败,1例因结石太大网篮圈套困难,另1例因十二指肠变形,内镜难以达到理想位置取石失败转外科手术治疗.该组EST术中创口出血者4例均经局部内镜止血成功,术中及术后无十二指肠穿孔、急性胰腺炎等严重并发症发生,无死亡病例.结论 胆道结石发生率与十二指肠乳头旁憩室发生有关.十二指肠乳头旁憩室对ERCP及EST治疗胆管结石的影响是有限的,只要操作者耐心、细心,十二指肠乳头旁憩室合并胆管结石经内镜下取石仍是一种安全、有效的治疗手段.     

内镜治疗十二指肠乳头旁憩室合并胆总管结石的临床研究

目的探讨内镜下十二指肠乳头括约肌切开术(EST)治疗十二指肠乳头旁憩室合并胆总管结石的治疗方法及价值。方法对107例十二指肠乳头旁憩室合并胆总管结石患者行EST和(或)适度水压气囊扩张,并行网篮取石和(或)机械碎石后网篮取石。结果 107例行EST后99例取净结石(92.5%),术后发生胰腺炎3例,出血2例,穿孔1例,并发症发生率为8.4%。结论内镜下治疗十二指肠乳头旁憩室合并胆总管结石是首选的治疗方法,只要熟悉胆总管末端与憩室的解剖关系;明确适当的切开指征,掌握EST及取石的操作技巧,就可避免或减少并发症的发生。     

十二指肠乳头切开取石术后常规行胆管引流术在治疗胆总管结石中的应用

553例中国人民解放军第九四医院及中国人民解放军第八一医院的胆总管结石患者,随机分为两组,296例行十二指肠乳头切开取石术后再行胆管引流术(EST+ENBD或EST+ERBD),257例单纯行十二指肠乳头切开术(EST),对近期出现胆管炎发生率进行对照性研究。胆管炎发生率EST+ENBD或EST+ERBD组为0.00%,EST组为2.34%,两组比较差异有显著性(P0.05)。十二指肠乳头切开取石术后常规行胆管引流术用于治疗胆总管结石,减少或避免     

内镜诊治十二指肠乳头旁憩室256例分析

目的探讨十二指肠憩室与胆道结石的关系及经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)及内镜下乳头括约肌切开术(EST)对十二指肠乳头旁憩室合并胆总管结石的诊治方法。方法回顾性分析2005年12月~2012年6月该院ERCP诊疗1560例,总结分析乳头旁憩室的临床资料及对ERCP成功率、EST及其并发症的影响。结果 ERCP发现十二指肠乳头旁憩室256例,占ERCP检查总数的16.4%(256/1 560),十二指肠乳头旁憩室合并胆总管结石195例,占76.2%(195/256)。ERCP造影成功率94.1%(241/256),实施EST188例,全部成功,内镜取石成功率85.1%(166/195)。ERCP术后并发症7.0%(18/256)。结论十二指肠憩室与胆道结石关系密切,内镜治疗是十二指肠乳头旁憩室合并胆总管结石的微创、安全、有效的首选治疗手段。     

侧视十二指肠镜诊治胃Billroth Ⅱ式术后胆管结石

目的 探讨侧视十二指肠镜Billroth-Ⅱ式术后胆管结石的诊治技术.方法 用侧视十二指肠镜对152例Billroth-Ⅱ式术后的患者进行ERCP检查的同时43例经内镜乳头括约肌切开(EST)、6例经内镜乳头气囊扩张术(EPBD)取石.结果 152例ERCP成功119(78.3％)例,失败33(21.7％)例.49例EST及取石治疗,成功41(83.7％)例,并发消化道大出血4例.全组诊疗无消化道穿孔及死亡患者.结论 侧视十二指肠镜进行Billroth-Ⅱ式术后胆管结石的诊治成功率较高,临床实用.     

乳头肌切开术在合并十二指肠乳头旁憩室的 特发性胰腺炎中的应用价值

目的评价乳头肌切开术(EST)在合并十二指肠乳头旁憩室的特发性胰腺炎中的诊治价值。方法对该院7年来收治的18例合并十二指肠乳头旁憩室的特发性胰腺炎进行回顾性研究。结果 18例患者成功17例,成功率94.44%,EST 17例,其中中切开9例,小切开+柱状气囊扩张8例,胆管支架置入3例,鼻胆管引流14例,无严重的出血、穿孔等并发症。结论 EST对于合并十二指肠乳头旁憩室的特发性胰腺炎,安全有效,能够进一步明确病因、有效地控制并预防复发,值得临床推广。     

胆总管结石乳头部嵌顿的内镜治疗

目的 胆总管结石十二指肠乳头部嵌顿是一种临床急诊,可能引起胆胰管流出道的几乎完全梗阻,导致急性梗阻化脓性胆管炎和胰腺炎.该文研究其临床特征和内镜疗效.方法 回顾性分析182例确诊的胆总管结石十二指肠乳头部嵌顿患者.结果 具有典型的急性胆管炎Charcot三联征的患者98例(53.9％),急性胰腺炎86例(47.3％).ERCP发现120例(65.9％)为单枚结石嵌顿于十二指肠乳头,62例胆管内尚有1至数枚结石.所有患者都通过内镜下十二指肠乳头括约肌切开术(EST)取石成功,其中标准EST成功30例(16.5％),针形刀乳头剖开术(NKF)成功152例(83.5％).并发症主要是出血(12例,6.59％).结论 胆总管结石十二指肠乳头部嵌顿必须通过临床表现和ERCP检查才能确诊,内镜治疗是安全有效的方法.     

微创手术导致十二指肠瘘的特点分析(附5例报告)

目的 探讨微创手术导致十二指肠瘘的特点.方法 回顾分析2002-2006年3例腹腔镜胆总管探查术(LCBDE)患者及2例十二指肠乳头括约肌切开术(EST)患者十二指肠瘘的特点.结果 无1例死亡.5例患者非手术治疗痊愈,临床治疗时间为69-183 d,治疗费用为30-97万元.结论 分析LCHTD及EST导致十二指肠痿的特点,对治疗有一定指导作用.     

内镜下胆胰管逆行造影、T管会师术在十二指肠乳头括约肌功能紊乱诊治中的应用研究

目的 探讨经内镜下胆胰管逆行造影(ERCP)、T管会师行乳头括约肌切开术(EST)治疗十二指肠乳头括约肌功能紊乱(SOD)及胆总管结石的临床效果.方法 收集该院2005年5月～2009年5月经ERCP、T管会师行内镜下乳头括约肌切开术(EST)的SOD患者36例,并对患者的临床资料进行分析.结果 36例患者ERCP直接...     

EST联合ERBD治疗高龄胆总管结石37例临床护理

目的:探讨内镜下十二指肠乳头括约肌切开术(EST)胆道塑料支架置入术(ERBD)治疗高龄胆总管结石的临床护理措施。方法:对37例高龄胆总管结石患者行EST联合ERBD治疗,并给予精心护理。观察本组患者手术成功率和并发症情况。结果:本组患者内镜手术成功36例,成功率为97.3%;十二指肠乳头切口出血1例,胰腺炎2例,肺部感染3例,下肢深静脉血栓1例,无肠穿孔及胆管炎发生。结论:对高龄胆总管结石患者实施EST联合ERBD治疗及精心护理,可提高患者的手术成功率,减少并发症发生。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.