无疤痕经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术

目的 探讨经脐入路无疤痕单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术的可行性及应用价值.方法 回顾分析15例患者行经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床资料.结果 15例手术均采用经脐单孔腹腔镜法完成.手术时间35～80 min,平均(45±5)min.术后1～3d出院,无并发症发生,患者疼痛轻,恢复快,切口愈合后无明显疤痕.结论 经脐入路单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术安全可行,并可达到体表"无疤痕"的美容效果.     

穿腹壁缝扎牵拉辅助下经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术132例

[目的]探索穿腹壁缝扎牵拉辅助下单孔腹腔镜手术方法.[方法]分析已完成的132例穿腹壁缝扎牵拉辅助下经脐单孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者的临床资料.[结果]132例均成功完成单孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术,平均手术时间58.6 min,平均出血量5 mL.术后恢复好,无并发症.[结论]穿腹壁缝扎牵拉辅助下经脐单孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除手术效果满意,且安全可行.     

经脐单孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床应用

目的 探讨经脐单孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床应用.方法 2009年3月～12月采用特制器械完成经脐单孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术89例.结果 89例手术均顺利完成,其中4例改二孔法手术,1例改三孔法手术,无手术并发症.结论 在慎重选择病例的前提下,单孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术同样安全,而且创伤更小,且无疤痕.     

经脐入路腹腔镜胆囊切除术138例回顾性分析

目的 探讨经脐入路腹壁无疤痕腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床应用并总结手术经验。方法 138例胆囊疾病患者（76例胆囊息肉,35例胆囊结石,27例胆囊结石合并息肉）使用普通腹腔镜手术器械完成经脐入路单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术。结果 138例均用经脐入路单孔法完成手术。手术时间30～150 min,平均40 min。术后4～6 d出院,无并发症发生,患者痛苦小,康复快。结论 经脐入路单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术安全可行,可达到腹部无疤痕的效果。现阶段筛选合适的病例开展经脐入路腹壁无疤痕腹腔镜下胆囊切除术是安全可行的。     

隐瘢痕单孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术(附62例)

目的 探索隐瘢痕单孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的临床应用.方法 分析已完成的62例经阴毛部位单孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者的临床资料.结果 62例均成功完成隐瘢痕单孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术,无中转开腹,平均手术时间是47.8 min,平均出血量4mL.术后恢复好,无黄疸等并发症.结论 隐瘢痕单孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术是完全可行的.     

经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除56例体会

目的:探讨经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床应用.方法:回顾性分析2010年2-5月间56例经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者的临床资料.结果:56例手术均获成功.手术时间30 ～ 50 min,平均40 min;出血10 ～ 100 mL,平均20 mL.无并发症发生.术后随访2周～ 3个月,腹壁瘢痕不明显.结论:经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术是安全有效的,手术创伤更小,美容效果更佳.     

经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊联合阑尾切除术5例临床分析

目的 探讨经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊联合阑尾切除术的安全性及可行性.方法 收集2009年5月～2010年5月该科施行经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊联合阑尾切除术的5例患者的临床资料,总结其手术方法及手术效果.结果 5例均成功完成,无中转多孔法腹腔镜手术或开腹手术.平均手术时间55.8min;平均失血量12mL,术后均无胆汁漏、阑尾残端漏、黄疸、出血及腹腔感染等并发症发生.结论 经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊联合阑尾切除术安全、可行,美容效果好,术后腹壁无瘢痕,有进一步推广和临床应用价值.     

运用X-cone单孔器械行经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术

目的:探讨运用X-cone单孔器械完全经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术的方法和可行性.方法:回顾性分析我院2011年4月至2011年11月期间54例经脐单孔胆囊切除患者的临床资料.结果:本组54例均运用X-cone单孔腹腔镜器械经脐行单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术,2例因胆囊炎症严重,解剖不清,改为二孔法腹腔镜手术,其他均手术成功,成功率96.3％.本组病例手术时间平均(30±14) (20 ～ 58) min,出血5 ～50 mL,平均10.6 mL.术后次日恢复流汁饮食,住院时间3～4 d.随访至今,1例患者切口液化,无其他术中、术后并发症.术后患者无瘢痕效果十分满意.结论:运用X-cone单孔腹腔镜器械经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术具有同样的手术安全性,更具有突出的切口美容效果,术后疼痛轻、康复快、住院时间短,同时患者住院费用低,值得在临床广泛推广.     

经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术临床分析

目的探讨经脐单孑L腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床可行性及其优缺点。方法回顾分析2010年7—9月行经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术34例患者临床资料。结果患者均顺利完成单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术,手术平均时间为65rain,术后平均住院时间为3d,术后未发生出血、感染、胆瘘等并发症。结论单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术是安全可行的,术后腹部无明显瘢痕,美容效果明显。     

经脐单孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术的手术配合

目的 探讨经脐单孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术的手术护理配合要点.方法 对5例30岁以下术经脐单孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术的手术护理配合步骤进行回顾性总结.结果 5例经脐单孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术均顺利完成手术,术后随访切口甲级愈合,恢复好,无一例并发症发生.结论 认真做好术前访视主心理护理,正确准备手术器械和特殊用品,熟悉仪器性能,密切配合手术操作是手术成功的有效保证.经脐单孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术满足了患者更微创、更美观、术后痛苦更少的心理需求,受到患者的欢迎.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.