腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性结石性胆囊炎80例临床分析

目的:总结急性结石性胆囊炎行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)的临床经验.方法:回顾性分析2006年8月至2010年1月我院收治的80例急性结石性胆囊炎行LC的临床资料.结果:77例完成LC,其中腹腔镜完整胆囊切除73例,胆囊大部切除术加残余胆囊黏膜电灼破坏术4例,中转开腹3例;术后均无严重并发症发生.结论:急性结石性胆囊炎患者行LC安全可行.     

急性结石性胆囊炎三孔法腹腔镜手术96例报告

目的:探讨三孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性结石性胆囊炎的临床效果。方法:对96例行三孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术急性结石性胆囊炎患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:93例顺利行三孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除,3例中转开腹,中转率3.12%。手术后恢复良好,均治愈出院。结论:在严格掌握适应症和熟练操作技术后,三孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性结石性胆囊炎是安全可行的。     

急性结石性胆囊炎的腹腔镜手术治疗(附232例报告)

目的 探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性结石性胆囊炎的经验.方法 总结2005年3月～2008年6月收治的232例急性结石性胆囊炎患者的病例资料.结果 该组232例急性结石性胆囊炎患者15例中转开腹,其中3例为Mirizzi综合征,12例为胆囊三角结构严重粘连,其余病例均行腹腔镜胆囊切除术,2例并发术后出血,第2次腹腔镜手术止血,3例术后出现胆漏,均保守治疗痊愈.结论 只要能把握住手术时机并注重手术技巧,急性结石性胆囊炎患者行LC是安全可行的.     

急性非结石性胆囊炎的腹腔镜治疗

目的 探讨急性非结石性胆囊炎病人行腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）治疗的经验。方法 回顾性分析了该院1999年6月。2006年5月956例急性胆囊炎病例的临床资料。结果 956例病人中，共有36例急性非结石性胆囊炎病人,所有36例病人皆接受LC治疗，其中胆囊部分切除7例（19．4％），中转开腹4例（11．1％），手术时间89。257min。均痊愈出院，无术中和术后并发症。结论 腹腔镜胆囊切除或部分切除可以作为急性非结石性胆囊炎病人的首选手术方式。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性结石性胆囊炎84例效果观察

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性结石性胆囊炎患者的临床疗效.方法:将168例急性结石性胆囊炎患者随机分为对照组和治疗组各84例,对照组行传统开腹胆囊切除术,治疗组行腹腔镜胆囊切除术,观察、比较两组手术及术后情况.结果:两组术中出血量、术后应用镇痛药次数、术后排气时间、下床活动时间、术后住院天数、并发症发生率比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论:腹腔镜胆囊切除治疗效果佳,创伤小,患者术后恢复快、痛苦小、并发症少,值得临床推广应用.     

腹腔镜治疗胆囊结石合并肝硬化29例分析

目的 总结胆囊结石合并肝硬化患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的经验与体会.方法 对南京市第一医院浦口分院收治的29例胆囊结石合并肝硬化患者行胆囊切除术的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 本组慢性结石性胆囊炎24例,急性结石性胆囊炎5例,25例行腹腔镜胆囊切除术;4例中转开腹,其中因术中出血中转开腹3例,胆囊三角区解剖不清1例,术后并发急性脑梗死1例,所有病例均治愈.结论 部分胆囊结石合并肝硬化患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术是安全可行的,重视术前术后处理和术中的正确操作可减少中转开腹及并发症的发生.     

腹腔镜治疗充填型结石性胆囊炎48例体会

[目的]探讨腹腔镜治疗胆囊充填型结石并萎缩性胆囊炎的手术技巧和可行性.[方法]回顾分析本院2002年6月至2004年6月48例充填型结石并萎缩性胆囊炎的腹腔镜胆囊切除术术中处理技巧及注意事项.[结果]48例腹腔镜胆囊切除术中中转开腹2例,腹腔镜胆囊切除术发生术后胆瘘3例、无胆道损伤及术后出血等并发症发生,所有患者均痊愈出院.[结论]腹腔镜治疗充填型结石性胆囊炎在临床是可行的.     

腹腔镜与传统开腹手术治疗急性结石性胆囊炎的优越性比较

目的 比较腹腔镜手术与传统开腹手术治疗急性结石性胆囊炎各自的优越性.方法 回顾性分析2005年8月至2012年2月246例经手术治疗的急性结石性胆囊炎患者的临床资料,根据手术方法分为两组,腹腔镜组127例,开腹组119例.腹腔镜组患者采用腹腔镜手术切除胆囊,开腹组患者采用传统普通开腹手术切除胆囊.记录并比较两组患者手术成功率、并发症、手术创伤程度、术中出血量、术后住院时间等情况.结果 两组患者手术均获得成功,腹腔镜组患者无中转开腹手术,未出现并发症;传统开腹组患者术后发生切口感染3例.术后随访3～6个月,两组均未出现其他并发症.结论 急性结石性胆囊炎患者采用腹腔镜手术疗效肯定,具有创伤小、出血量少、术后恢复快、美容效果好等优越性.     

急性结石性胆囊炎应用腹腔镜胆囊切除术的效果及对胃肠功能和CRP的影响

目的分析急性结石性的胆囊炎腹腔镜下胆囊切除手术的效果及对胃肠功能和CRP的影响。方法选择治疗的50例急性结石性的胆囊炎患者进行研究,采取整群随机抽样法分为腹腔镜组和开腹组各25例,分别行腹腔镜下胆囊切除手术和传统开腹手术,对比两组治疗效果及术后胃肠功能和C反应蛋白(CRP)变化。结果腹腔镜组总有效率明显高于开腹组(P0.05);腹腔镜组胃肠功能恢复情况明显优于开腹组(P0.05);腹腔镜组术后12、24和48h CRP水平均明显低于开腹组。结论对急性期结石性胆囊炎行腹腔镜下手术,有利于改善患者胃肠功能,对术后CRP水平影响较小,宜广泛应用。     

腹腔镜治疗老年性急性非结石性胆囊炎16例临床报道

目的 探讨腹腔镜对老年性急性非结石性胆囊炎行胆囊切除术的安全性.方法 对湖南省娄底市涟钢医院2002～2004年底所收治的16例老年急性非结石性胆囊炎患者行腹腔镜胆囊手术.结果 均顺利完成腹腔镜胆囊术.全组无死亡,无胆道损伤、出血等并发症.结论 随着腹腔镜胆囊切除术经验积累,老年性急性非结石性胆囊炎可安全地完成腹腔镜胆囊手术.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.