肾集合管癌1例并文献复习

肾集合管癌是一种少见的恶性肿瘤。我院曾诊治1例，现报告分析如下。     

原发性肾脏类癌2例报告并文献复习

目的：探讨原发性肾脏类癌的临床特征及诊治方法。方法：总结2例原发性肾脏类癌患者的临床资料结合文献复习讨论。例1,女,48岁。因右腰酸痛1个月入院。B超示右肾中上极中等回声占位,边界清楚,内有血流信号。CT示右肾中上极10．0cm×7．5cm实性占位,增强后病灶均匀轻度强化。例2,男,44岁。体检发现左肾占岱40天入院。B超示左肾门处中等回声占位,边界清楚,内有血流信号。CT示左肾中极肾门处3．7cm×3．5cm实性占位,增强后病灶均匀轻度强化;其内伴-钙化点。结果：2例均行根治性肾切除术。病理检查镜下肿瘤细胞形态为多边形,嗜酸性颗粒状细胞质,边界不清,呈柱状或缎带状排列混合有实性巢状排列;细胞核呈园形大小一致,核分裂像难见。免疫组化：突触素、波形蛋白均为阳性。病理诊断为肾脏类癌伴淋巴结转移。例1术后30个月死于肝骨转移;例2术后随访26个月,未见肿瘤复发转移。结论：原发性肾脏类癌临床罕见,易发生淋巴结转移,确诊依靠病理学检查,根治性肾切除应为治疗原发性肾类癌的首选方法。     

甲状腺滤泡癌样肾细胞癌1例并文献复习

目的总结甲状腺滤泡癌样肾细胞癌（TFCLTK）的临床、病理及免疫学特征,对TFCLTK的诊疗进行探讨。方法报告1例甲状腺滤泡癌样肾细胞癌,结合文献检索到的11例,分析此类肿瘤的临床特征、影像学、病理学及免疫表型特点,治疗及预后。结果肉眼观察见肾表面呈结节状,切面可见一巨大肿块,于肾下极并向肾盂内生长,肿块约8.0cm×4.3cm×5.0cm,与肾实质分界不清,切面灰白色,实性,可见散在灰褐色坏死区及灰色出血区,小囊腔形成。镜下观察见肿瘤细胞排列成甲状腺滤泡样,滤泡腔内可见红染胶体样物,肾门旁淋巴结未查见转移地肿瘤细胞。免疫组化结果：Vimentin（＋）,EMA（＋）,CK（＋）,CK7灶（＋）,NSE（＋）。CK34BE12（-）,Syn（-）,CK20（-）,CD56（-）,CD56（-）,CD10（-）,WT-1（-）,CD34（-）,CD57（-）,P53（-）,CD99（-）,TTF-1（-）,CD15（-）,Tg（-）,Ki-67LI 30%（＋）。结论甲状腺滤泡癌样肾细胞癌是具有一定侵袭性的低度恶性的肾源性肿瘤。目前已明确病理学及免疫表型特点为细胞形态学类似甲状腺滤泡癌细胞,但TTF-1和TG蛋白表达阴性。可行根治性肾切除术,预后较好。     

隐匿型肾细胞癌三例报告并文献复习

目的探讨肾癌临床分类方法,提高对隐匿型肾细胞癌的认识和诊治水平。方法报道3例隐匿型肾癌的临床诊治资料,结合文献复习讨论隐匿型肾癌的定义、诊断及治疗。男1例,女2例。年龄50~52岁。右侧2例,左侧1例。T4N0M1期2例,T4N1M11例,病理分级G3、G2各1例,G1~21例。肿瘤大小分别为6 cm×5 cm×5 cm、8 cm×6 cm×5 cm、7 cm×5 cm×4 cm。结果3例均行肾癌根治性肾切除术加术后α-干扰素300 mg/d,白介素-2 200万U/d,转移癌灶用内放射-153钐(153Sm-EDTMP)治疗每月1次,5-Fu化疗以及全身支持治疗。随访5~19个月,1例生存15个月,1例生存19个月死亡,1例5个月后失访。结论依据临床表现不同,肾细胞癌分为4种类型。对隐匿型肾癌及时确诊并行肾癌根治术加术后积极综合治疗能改善患者生存质量,延长生存期。     

肾原发性大细胞神经内分泌癌1例报告并文献复习

目的提高对肾神经内分泌癌的认识。方法报告1例肾原发性大细胞神经内分泌癌的临床资料并结合文献讨论有关临床症状、诊断和治疗。结果肾神经内分泌癌临床表现和影像学与常见。肾癌相比无明显特异性,需通过病理学和免疫组织化学结果肯定诊断。结论肾原发性大细胞神经内分泌癌罕见,其临床和影响学表现难与肾癌区别,主要靠病理学和免疫组织化学确诊,该病恶性程度高、预后差,只有早期发现,早期手术治疗以提高疗效。     

原发性精囊癌1例报道并文献复习

目的 探讨原发性精囊癌的诊治方法.方法 分析收治的原发性精囊癌1例,结合文献进行复习.结果 经CT、MRI及经直肠超声(transrectal ultrasound,TRUS)引导下穿刺活检确诊为精囊腺癌,行左侧精囊肿物切除、右侧精囊切除、膀胱与前列腺部分切除及左输尿管膀胱再吻合术,术后恢复良好.现已随访23个月,未见复发转移.结论 原发性精囊癌临床罕见,术前诊断较为困难,TRUS引导下穿刺活检可明确诊断,应根据患者个体情况选择不同的根治性切除术.术后定期随访,注意是否复发转移.     

原发性肾小细胞神经内分泌癌1例报道并文献复习

目的 探讨肾脏小细胞神经内分泌癌的起源、临床病理特征、诊断、治疗方法,以提高对该病的认识.方法 分析我科收治的1例肾脏小细胞神经内分泌癌患者的临床资料,结合国内外文献对该病进行复习总结.结果 患者无明显症状及阳性体征,因体检发现左肾占位入院.术后标本大体观:左肾上中极见一肿物,大小9 cm×8 cm×8 cm,切面灰白,质软呈实性,肾盂、肾盏结构破坏.镜下观:肿瘤细胞为小圆形或梭形,小梁状、巢状或片状排列,核分裂易见.免疫组化:CD10(-)、CD117(+)、CD56(+)、CD99(+)、CgA(-)、CK(部分+)、CK7(-)、CK8(+)、Ki-67(≥25%)、Syn(+)、Vim(+).结论 肾脏小细胞神经内分泌癌临床罕见,临床表现缺乏特异性,确诊主要依靠组织学特点和免疫组织化学检查,治疗以根治性手术为主,预后较差.     

马蹄形肾并发肾类癌1例

患者 ,男 ,43岁。因右腰部钝痛 2个月 ,左脑额叶转移性肿瘤切除术后 1个月入院。 CT显示双肾下极皮质相连 ,右肾增大 ,上中部有 8cm× 9cm囊实性占位性病变 ,其内见钙化 ;腹膜后淋巴结增大 ,增强后密度略低于正常肾组织。静脉肾盂造影示马蹄形肾 ,右肾显影差 ,集合系统受压。临床诊断为马蹄形肾并发肾癌 ,腹膜后淋巴结转移。术中见肿瘤位于马蹄形肾右中上部 ,直径约 8cm,假包膜完整 ,肾门处淋巴结增大 ,肾下极肾实质相连 ,右侧肾有两支肾动脉及静脉。阻断此血管后将肿瘤完整切除 ,并行淋巴结清扫术。病理检查诊断为肾类癌 ,伴环死、囊性变…     

原发性肾小细胞癌1例报告及文献复习

目的探讨原发性肾小细胞癌的病理诊断和临床病理特点。方法对1例肾小细胞癌进行光镜、电镜观察和免疫组化标记并行相关文献复习。结杲结节状肿瘤位于肾下部近肾门处,瘤组织由短梭形与小圆形细胞构成,呈片巢状、小梁状排列。瘤细胞胞质较少,核深染,核分裂像多见。瘤组织浸润肾皮质、肾盂和肾门周围脂肪组织。肾门处与腹主动脉旁淋巴结可见转移。电镜见瘤细胞胞质内较多神经内分泌颗粒。免疫组化示多种上皮与神经内分泌标志物表达阳性,全身其他脏器未发现肿瘤。随访21个月无复发转移。站论肾脏小细胞癌具有小细胞癌的一般病理形态学特征。依据光镜、电镜变化和免疫组化标记并除外转移,可确诊为肾原发性小细胞癌。     

肾透明细胞癌骨化一例报告并文献复习

目的 探讨肾癌钙化骨化的发病机理、病理特点、鉴别诊断及预后. 方法 患者,男,48岁.因体检发现右肾钙化性占位2周人院.CT示右肾外形不规则,肾上极町见一类圆形占位性病变,伴明显骨化.PET-CT检查示右肾上极类圆形肿块,明显钙化,不伴有高功能性,考虑良性病变.术前拟诊断为肾癌,取右侧腹直肌旁切口行右肾探查术. 结果 术中见右肾中上极7.5 cmX5.0cm肿块,质硬如石,肾门周围未见肿大淋巴结,行右肾部分切除,术中冰冻病理提示肾透明细胞癌伴明显骨化,即行根治性肾切除加肾门周围淋巴组织清扫.术后病理报告:肾透明细胞癌伴广泛骨化纤维化,输尿管残端、血管残端及肾周组织未见癌组织浸润,未见转移淋巴结.术后随访8个月未见复发转移. 结论 肾癌骨化较少见,肾实质性占位伴明显钙化骨化术前应按恶性肿瘤对待,肾癌骨化预后相对较好.     

Testicular carcinoid tumor: A case report and literature review

We present a case of a 46-year-old man with an incidental finding of a right testicular tumor on magnetic resonance imaging. He received radical orchiectomy, and the pathological report showed a testicular carcinoid tumor. He has remained in a stable condition 3 years after the operation. Carcinoid tumors of the testis are extremely rare and account for less than 1% of testicular tumors and carcinoids. A painless mass or prominent testis enlargement is the most distinctive presentation. Less than 1–3% of patients demonstrate carcinoid syndrome. Nuclear scintigraphy scan and computed tomography scan have a diagnostic value in excluding carcinoid from other sites. Radical orchiectomy is the treatment of choice, and the prognosis is good for localized carcinoid tumors after resection. Adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy for advanced disease shows only minimal benefits.     

双侧睾丸间质细胞瘤1例报告并文献复习

目的 探讨睾丸间质细胞瘤的诊断和治疗经验.方法 报告1例双侧睾丸间质细胞瘤患者的临床资料并文献复习.结果 根据患者临床表现及相关检查,术前诊断考虑为双侧睾丸间质细胞瘤,术中快速冰冻病理检查示双侧睾丸间质细胞瘤,行睾丸肿瘤剜除术.术后随访6个月未见肿瘤复发或转移.结论 睾丸间质细胞瘤是一种较为罕见的睾丸肿瘤.术前诊断较为困难,睾酮、雌二醇等性激素水平升高及男性乳房发育等症状对睾丸间质细胞瘤的诊断有重要意义,确诊仍需依赖病理组织学检查.传统的手术方法采用根治性睾丸切除术,然而对于青春期前患者、双侧睾丸间质细胞瘤等患者,可以施行保留睾丸的肿瘤剜除术.     

肾孤立性纤维瘤1例报告并文献复习

目的 分析肾孤立性纤维瘤的临床病理特征及诊治方式.方法 回顾性分析我院诊治的1例肾孤立性纤维瘤的病理特征、临床表现、影像学检查、治疗方式和术后随访状况.结果 肾孤立性纤维瘤是肾脏较罕见的一种间叶性肿瘤,良性居多,少数为恶性.病理特征多为VIM(+)、CD34(+)、BcL-2(+)、CD99(+).影像学检查显示为类圆形、包膜完整的肿物,与周围组织界限清楚,CT增强后呈现不同程度欠均匀强化.本例患者行机器人辅助腹腔镜下肾部分切除术,术后病理诊断为肾孤立性纤维瘤(中间性),术后随访3月余,未见肿瘤复发、进展和转移.结论 肾孤立性纤维瘤属临床上较罕见的肿瘤,确诊主要通过病理诊断,治疗上首选手术切除肿瘤.     

Thymic carcinoid—A case report and review of the literature

We report herein a case of a patient with thymic carcinoid who was operated on twice and has been followed for 9 years. In 1979, the original tumor was removed through an emergency left thoracotomy incision done for a hemothorax caused by an anterior mediastinal biopsy. Tumor recurrence was found 6 years later and removal carried out through a median sternotomy. The patient has been working and enjoying life following radiation and chemotherapy for a total of 9 years after his first operation. Recurrent thymic carcinoid has been thought to carry a poor prognosis, but this successfully treated case has been followed up for a long time after the removal of his recurrent tumor. We present this case and discuss other such cases reported in the Japanese literature.     

Appendiceal carcinoid tumor with lymph node metastasis in a child: case report and review of the literature

Most appendiceal carcinoids (ACs) in children present without lymph node metastasis. Lymph node metastasis is rarely present when primary tumor diameter exceeds 1 cm. We present the extraordinary case of an AC with a primary tumor diameter of 0.7 cm and infiltration of the mesentery, as well as 1 positive lymph node of the mesentery in a 14-year-old boy. Besides adding a rare case, we review the data published in the current literature on AC with lymph node metastasis in children and summarize up-to-date guidelines for diagnostic workup, therapy, and follow-up.     

阑尾类癌13例诊断和治疗

目的探讨阑尾类癌的生物学特性、诊断和外科治疗经验,提高首次手术治愈率。方法回顾性总结1985年至2002年我院收治的13例阑尾类癌患者的临床和病理资料。结果全组无一例术前确诊,均经术后病理确诊。肿瘤直径小于1cm 9例,1～2cm 3例,大于2cm 1例。8例肿瘤浸润深度限于黏膜下或肌层,3例浸及浆膜。有2例患者显示肿瘤浸润至阑尾系膜,其中有1例患者肿瘤大于2cm伴局部淋巴结转移。分别采用单纯性阑尾切除术9例,回盲部切除术1例,右半结肠切除2例,姑息性手术1例。获随访的11例患者中,10例患者无复发和远处转移,1例死亡。结论阑尾类癌少见且多无症状,难以做出术前确诊。宜根据肿瘤大小、部位及浸润深度决定手术方式和切除范围。     

Wilms' tumor and horseshoe kidneys: a case report and review of the literature

The presence of Wilms’ tumor with a horseshoe kidney is an unusual combined clinical presentation. It has been reported that the incidence of Wilms’ tumor in patients with horseshoe kidneys is higher than that seen in the general population. The current report describes a 5-year-old boy who presented with a stage III Wilms’ tumor in a horseshoe kidney. The patient was treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgical resection, adjuvant chemotherapy, and radiation. The patient is disease free 40 months after diagnosis. A review of all reported cases of Wilms’ tumor with horseshoe kidneys in the English-language literature before July 2002 is presented.     

Malignant carcinoid tumor in the papilla of Vater: case report and review of 25 cases reported in Japan

Carcinoid tumors in the papilla of Vater are rare. We describe a 48-year-old male who was diagnosed with a tumor consisting of atypical cells in the papilla of Vater. He underwent curative resection of the tumor by pancreatico-duodenectomy (PD), with dissection of the regional lymph nodes. Microscopic examination revealed a metastatic lymph node in the pancreatic region. Characteristic findings on histopathological and electron microscopic studies led to the final diagnosis of malignant carcinoid tumor. It is clear from the literature that carcinoid tumors in the papilla of Vater metastasize to the regional lymph nodes and the liver. However, it has been difficult to preoperatively diagnose carcinoid tumor in the papilla of Vater. Therefore, if we observe atypical cells in the papilla of Vater, malignant carcinoid tumor should be considered. If this tumor is suspected, PD or pylorus-preserving PD, together with dissection of the regional lymph nodes, at least along the hepatoduodenal ligament, should be considered as the treatment of first choice.     

Renal carcinoid tumor: a case report

A right renal tumor was incidentally found in a 38-year-old woman by annual medical check up. She visited our hospital for further examination and treatment. She did not show typical symptoms of carcinoid. A computed tomography (CT) revealed a calcified solid tumor in the upper portion of the right kidney. The tumor was 6.0 cm in diameter and was not enhanced in either early or late phase. There was no evidence of extrarenal invasion or distant metastasis. Based on a clinical diagnosis of stage 1 renal cell carcinoma, laparoscopic nephrectomy was performed. The pathological diagnosis was renal carcinoid tumor. The tumor had trabecular and ribbon-like structures with a thin fibrovascular stroma. Immunohistochemicaliy, the tumor cells stained positive for chromogranin A, synaptophisin and CD56. The cell proliferation rate was estimated to be under 1% with Ki67 staining. To find the primary lesion, we performed upper and lower gastric endoscopy and chest computed tomography, but could not find any/other carcinoid tumors. At 1-year follow up, she had no evidence of local recurrence or metastasis.