鼻咽内窥镜和频谱技术对改良兰氏法修复不完全性腭裂效果的回顾性分析

目的:通过对2006年6月～2009年12月就诊于解放军第537医院口腔科的80例行改良兰氏法修复不完全性腭裂患者进行回访,评估该法临床治疗效果,为术式选择提供依据。方法:对80例改良兰氏法修复不完全性腭裂患者术后腭咽闭合状况进行评估,并行频谱分析,测出前三个共振峰F1、F2、F3的数据,与80例正常儿童对照。结果:在66例行鼻咽镜检查的患者中,有81.81%手术后的患儿达到腭咽闭合完全;在行频谱分析检查中,F1值两组患儿无统计学差异,F2、F3两组间有显著性差异。结论:改良兰氏法能有效改善患者腭咽闭合和语音功能,是一种较好的不完全性腭裂患者的修复术式。     

改良兰氏法修复不完全性腭裂手术效果的评价与分析

目的:通过对2007年6月～2009年6月就诊于解放军第537医院口腔科的40例行改良兰氏法修复不完全性腭裂患者进行回访,评估该法临床治疗效果,为临床工作术式选择提供依据。方法:对40例改良兰氏法修复不完全性腭裂患者术后语音恢复情况进行评估分析,并行频谱分析,测出前3个共振峰F1、F2、F3的数据,与40例正常儿童对照。结果:在40例行语音清晰度检查的患者中,有82.5%手术后的患儿达到70分以上;在行频谱分析检查中,F1值两组患儿无统计学差异,F2、F3两组间有显著性差异。结论:改良兰氏法能在一定程度上改善患者语音功能,是一种较好的不完全性腭裂患者的修复术式。     

改良兰氏法修复不完全性腭裂手术效果的评价与分析

目的:通过对2007年6月～2009年6月就诊于解放军第537医院口腔科的40例行改良兰氏法修复不完全性腭裂患者进行回访,评估该法临床治疗效果,为临床工作术式选择提供依据。方法:对40例改良兰氏法修复不完全性腭裂患者术后语音恢复情况进行评估分析,并行频谱分析,测出前3个共振峰F1、F2、F3的数据,与40例正常儿童对照。结果:在40例行语音清晰度检查的患者中,有82.5%手术后的患儿达到70分以上;在行频谱分析检查中,F1值两组患儿无统计学差异,F2、F3两组间有显著性差异。结论:改良兰氏法能在一定程度上改善患者语音功能,是一种较好的不完全性腭裂患者的修复术式。     

兰氏和双反Z法腭裂修复术后患儿语音清晰度对比

目的比较兰氏和双反Z法腭裂修复术后患儿的语音清晰度,寻找重建腭咽闭合的最佳手术方法。方法选取2009年至2013年在我院口腔颌面外科就诊的先天性软腭裂患儿69例,其中行双反Z法腭裂修复术35例(双反Z法组),行兰氏法腭裂修复术34例(兰氏法组)。患儿3.5岁后随访,由3名语音师进行单盲性审听,比较两组患儿术后语音清晰度。结果语音测评结果显示,双反Z法组患儿术后患者语音清晰度平均达到88.72%±6.05%,明显高于兰氏法组的71.31%±3.46%,语音改善明显。结论双反Z法能够充分缩小咽腔、延长软腭,重建软腭肌肉结构,更有利于恢复良好的腭咽闭合功能。     

大龄腭裂患者两种手术模式的临床评估

目的 探讨不同年龄腭裂患者的手术治疗模式,以提高大龄腭裂患者术后的腭咽闭合率和语音清晰度.方法 2010年5月至2012年4月,52例大龄腭裂患者按年龄不同分为A组(8～16岁,n=18)和B组(16岁以上,n=34),A组进行改良兰氏法同期腭咽肌瓣咽成形术,B组进行改良兰氏法同期咽后壁瓣咽成形术.所有患者术后随访10～18个月,观察创口愈合情况、语音清晰度、高低鼻音、鼻漏气及鼻咽纤维内镜检查情况.结果 语音评估显示,A组和B组患者高鼻音和鼻漏气程度均显著下降,语音清晰度提高;32例患者术后腭咽闭合完全,余20例患者术后虽仍有腭咽闭合不全,但在鼻咽纤维镜下腭咽闭合率达80％以上.结论 针对不同年龄的腭裂患者制定个体化手术方式,可显著提高腭裂患者术后腭咽闭合率和语音清晰度.     

重建腭咽部肌肉对腭裂修复术后腭咽闭合状况的影响

目的 通过两组不同腭裂修复术后患者的X线造影比较观察，了解腭咽部肌肉重建对腭咽闭合状况的影响。方法 将62例腭裂及腭咽闭合不全患者分为腭咽部肌肉重建腭裂修复组(重建组)和改良兰氏腭裂修复术(非重建组)，并采用鼻咽部钡造影X线侧位片检查摄取静止和发Ⅲ音时的侧位片，对鼻咽腔面积、可移动鼻咽腔距离及腭咽闭合方式进行观察和测量，所得数据进行统计学处理。结果 重建组在腭咽闭合功能、鼻咽腔面积缩小率、静态可移动鼻咽腔中份腭咽距离和静、动态可移动鼻咽腔下份腭咽距离等方面优于非重建组，并可形成多种形式的咽后隆突-软腭闭合方式；非重建组腭咽闭合完全良好的患者在鼻咽腔面积缩小率方面要优于腭咽闭合不良的患者。结论 腭裂修复术后腭咽闭合的主要功能区在可移动鼻咽腔中份。腭裂修复术时重建腭咽肌肉有助于缩小鼻咽腔面积和提供协调的腭咽闭合活动。     

腭裂宽度与术后腭咽功能相关性的分析

目的 探究腭裂宽度与腭咽功能差异的相关性。方法 收集2012-2020年44例腭裂患者,均采用Furlow法修复裂隙。根据术前腭裂裂隙宽度的不同,分为较窄组、中等宽度组、较宽组,对各组患者进行腭咽功能检测并对比分析,检测内容包括主观语音判听、鼻咽纤维镜检查。结果 主观语音判听结果显示,3组术后腭咽闭合不全者为20%,而鼻咽纤维镜检测结果显示为18%,两种检测结果无统计学差异（P>0.05）;两种检测结果显示,较窄组腭咽闭合不全率显著低于中等宽度组及较宽组（P<0.05）,中等宽度组与较宽组腭咽闭合不全率无统计学差异（P>0.05）;Pearson相关性分析显示,腭裂宽度与术后语音清晰度评分、鼻咽纤维镜评分均呈正相关（r分别为0.570、0.560,P<0.05）,即腭裂裂隙越宽,术后腭咽闭合不全率越高。结论 Furlow法术后腭咽闭合功能具有差异性,与术前裂隙宽度大小显著相关。     

大龄腭裂患者咽后壁组织瓣咽成形术及其语音研究

目的：探讨针对大龄(8岁以上)腭裂患者的特点，同期行腭裂关闭术和咽后壁组织瓣转移术并研究其对语音的影响，以提高修复效果。方法：对24例大龄腭裂患者行腭裂裂隙关闭手术以及咽后壁组织瓣咽成形术治疗，术前术后用鼻咽纤维镜检测其腭咽闭合情况，评价患者鼻漏气及过重鼻音改善情况。结果：24例腭裂修复术后创口均达到Ⅰ期愈合，软腭后退良好，腭咽闭合改善明显，为发音创造了条件，语音也有不同程度改善。结论：大龄腭裂患者同时采用腭裂关闭术及咽成形术的方法修复，有利于改善软腭的形态和发音。     

大龄腭裂患者的手术治疗方法与语音治疗效果的对比研究

目的 对单纯行裂隙关闭术和同期行咽后壁咽成形术的大龄腭裂患者,术前、术后发音效果进行检测分析和对比研究,评定手术的治疗效果.方法 对24例同期行腭裂关闭术及咽后壁组织瓣咽成形术治疗和12例单纯行裂隙关闭术的大龄腭裂患者,术前、术后用鼻咽纤维镜检测其腭咽闭合情况,应用通用音频谱分析系统,对本组术后患者腭裂语音进行声学分析.结果 所有腭裂修复术后,创口均达到临床Ⅰ期愈合,语音也有不同程度改善.大龄腭裂患者采用腭裂关闭及同期咽成形术的修复组,术后发音明显优于单纯行裂隙关闭组.结论 大龄腭裂患者,采用腭裂关闭及同期咽成形术,是提高腭咽闭合和改善发音较好的手术方法.     

改良兰氏+反向双Z法腭裂手术对患儿发音影响的临床研究

目的:探讨改良兰氏+反向双Z法腭裂手术对患儿发音的影响。方法:选取2013年2月-2016年1月行改良兰氏法+软腭双层"Z"形三角瓣修复法的30例腭裂患儿为观察组,选取既往予以兰氏两瓣法进行治疗的30例腭裂患儿为对照组。比较两组患儿手术前后腭咽闭合不全率、元音[i]的第二共振峰(F2)、第三共振峰(F3)、F1振幅能量值(A1)、辅音样本冲直条、擦音乱纹出现率以及语音清晰度。结果:两组患儿术后腭咽闭合不全率均低于术前(P0.05);观察组患儿术后腭咽闭合不全率低于对照组(P0.05)。与手术前相比,两组患儿术后F2、F3高于术前,A1低于术前,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患儿术后F2、F3高于对照组,A1低于对照组(P0.05)。观察组患儿术后辅音样本冲直条、擦音乱纹出现率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患儿术后语音清晰度均高于手术前(P0.05);观察组患儿术后语音清晰度优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:腭裂手术软腭延长能有效改善腭裂患儿腭咽闭合功能,改善发音。     

唇腭裂1386例发病特点回顾性分析

目的：通过对唇腭裂患者临床资料进行回顾性统计分析,研究该病的发病特点,为唇腭裂的预防及治疗提供临床参考。方法：统计分析2007年1月～2010年1月手术治疗的1386例唇腭裂患者,分别从患者诊断、性别、年龄、出生地,唇腭裂裂型分布情况等方面进行回顾性调查。结果：本组病例中,单纯唇裂356例（25．69％）,唇裂合并腭裂580例（41．84％）,单纯腭裂450例（32．47％）;男809例,女577例,男：女=1．40：1;单侧唇裂伴或不伴腭裂明显多于双侧者,两者之比为5．67：1,其中左侧多于右侧（1．82：1）。结论：唇腭裂发病以唇裂合并腭裂居多,男性发病多于女性,在腭裂患者中女性发病高于男性;单侧发病多于双侧,左侧多于右侧。     

Tympanoplasty results in patients with cleft palate: an age- and procedure-matched comparison of preliminary results with patients without cleft palate.

OBJECTIVE: Because of continued eustachian tube abnormalities, the presence of a cleft palate repair has been thought to be associated with poor outcomes after tympanoplastic surgery. However, little published data exist regarding the results of major otologic surgery in patients with cleft palate. The objective of this study was to review our results of otologic surgery in these patients and compare results with those of age- and procedure-matched controls. METHODS: Our otologic database was used to identify patients with a repaired cleft palate who underwent otologic surgery between March 1994 and December 1999. Two control patients were identified for each cleft palate patient. Results of hearing, graft take, and need for postoperative pressure-equalizing tubes were compared. RESULTS: No significant difference existed between patients with a repaired cleft palate and control patients with regard to postoperative air-bone gap (P = 0.6805), graft survival rate (P = 1.00), and need for postoperative intubation (P = 0.457). CONCLUSION: Results in patients with cleft palate appear to be similar to those in patients without cleft palate.     

Malnutrition in cleft lip and palate children in Uganda

The objective of this study is to investigate the nutritional status of patients with cleft lip and/or palate when compared to non-cleft lip or palate patients. A retrospective analysis was carried out of all patients aged less than 1 year who were operated on in the Comprehensive Rehabilitation Services in Uganda hospital since opening in April 2009 to November 2010. The data was divided into three groups: cleft lip patients; cleft lip and palate patients and non-cleft patients. The WHO anthropometric calculator was used to calculate weight-for-age Z scores on each patient for the initial outpatient appointment and the operation. The demographic data and Z scores were compared using independent T tests. Three hundred and twenty-one patients were identified, 131 patients had cleft lip alone, 112 patients had cleft lip and palate and 78 patients had no cleft. The cleft lip and palate group had significantly lower Z scores for both the outpatient appointment and operation (i.e. were more malnourished) than either the cleft lip group or the non-cleft group. Malnutrition is a well-documented problem associated with cleft lip and palate. Our research confirms this malnutrition but also highlights the severity of the malnutrition. The patients with cleft lip and palate are unable to feed adequately and therefore need intervention. We operate on these patients once they reach a target weight of 3 kg and repair both lip and palate in one operation to enable patients to feed and improve their nutritional status.     

Facial morphology and occlusion at the stage of early mixed dentition in cleft lip and palate patients treated with delayed closure of the hard palate

Cephalometric radiographs and dental study casts were analyzed in a group of 23 seven-year-old cleft lip and palate patients, 16 with unilateral and 7 with bilateral cleft. The patients' primary surgical procedures had been completed except for closure of the cleft in the hard palate. For comparison, similar records from another group of patients, 18 with unilateral and 8 with bilateral cleft lip and palate, were studied. In these cases the cleft of the hard palate had been repaired in infancy, using a vomer flap procedure. The results indicated that midfacial growth and dental occlusion of the unilateral cleft sample was significantly better in patients whose closure of the hard palatal cleft had been delayed to the stage of mixed dentition than where repair had been performed with a vomer flap in infancy. No differences were found, however, between similar subgroups with bilateral cleft lip and palate.     

The comparative study of craniofacial structural characteristic of individuals with different types of cleft palate

To compare craniofacial structural characteristic of individuals with different types of cleft palate and to lay a foundation for better treatment protocol for patients with cleft palate, we chose a sample consisting of 12 patients with Treacher Collin syndrome, 15 patients with Pierre Robin sequence, 40 patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate, and 40 patients with isolated cleft palate who met certain criteria. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were obtained from each subject. A total of 22 variables, comprising 11 angular, 9 linear, and 2 ratio measurements, were studied. The z-scores were analyzed during paired Student t test. The data showed us that there seems to be no difference in craniofacial structures between patients with isolated cleft palate and normal persons. Patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate who had only cleft lip repaired exhibit such characteristics as midface retrusion, relatively excessive lower facial height, and more obtuse gonial angle. The cranial base areas of individuals with Treacher Collin syndrome and Pierre Robin sequence are similar to those of normal persons. Mandibular hypoplasia in both vertical and horizontal dimensions and maxillary retrusion can be found in patients with Treacher Collin syndrome, while only mandibular hypoplasia in the horizontal dimension can be found in patients with Pierre Robin sequence. The developmental deficiency of craniofacial structures seems to be a separate deformity, not the direct outcome of cleft palate defect.     

T4K矫治器矫治唇腭裂患者面中份发育不全的临床疗效观察

目的 探讨T4K矫治器矫治唇腭裂患者面中份发育不全的临床疗效.方法 选择6~12岁面中份发育不全的唇腭裂患儿12例,采用T4K矫治器进行矫治.结果 临床治疗12例唇腭裂患者,面中份骨骼均前移,面容大部分得到很大改善,其中6例患者咬合关系基本恢复正常,2例患者咬合关系为对刃关系,2例患者咬合关系为反(牙合)关系.结论 T...     

Cleft palate in spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita: case reports

Cleft palate is one of the common features of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita (SEDC). However, there are few clinical data about cleft palate in SEDC. We report four patients with cleft palate and SEDC including two with overt cleft palate and two with submucous cleft palate. Our results suggested that SEDC associated with cleft palate should be treated in the same way as solitary cleft palate, and submucous cleft palate may be more common in patients with SEDC than previously appreciated.     

Cleft palate in spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita: case reports.

Cleft palate is one of the common features of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita (SEDC). However, there are few clinical data about cleft palate in SEDC. We report four patients with cleft palate and SEDC including two with overt cleft palate and two with submucous cleft palate. Our results suggested that SEDC associated with cleft palate should be treated in the same way as solitary cleft palate, and submucous cleft palate may be more common in patients with SEDC than previously appreciated.     

Failure to thrive in babies with cleft lip and palate.

We established the frequency of failure to thrive (FTT) in children undergoing primary cleft procedures by using growth charts and standard-deviation scores. Initially, 147 babies with cleft lip and/or palate undergoing 186 primary lip-and-palate repairs were studied between 1993 and 1996. Rates of FTT were categorised according to cleft type. There was an increasing rate of FTT from 32% for unilateral cleft lip and palate to 38% for bilateral cleft lip and palate to 49% for cleft palate. There was a high incidence of FTT in palatal clefts, especially if these were associated with a syndrome or anomaly (P= 0.001). The incidence of FTT with the Pierre Robin sequence was 100%. In view of the high rates of FTT, two changes were instituted: a feeding-support nurse was appointed to supervise and monitor patients at risk and all patients with the Pierre Robin sequence had supervised airway management. Thereafter, the incidence of FTT was prospectively studied in 68 babies undergoing 84 primary procedures between 1997 and 1999. There was a decrease in the incidence of FTT in comparison with the earlier cohort (9% for unilateral cleft lip and palate, 20% for bilateral cleft lip and palate, 26% for cleft palate). There was a significant decrease in the incidence of FTT in the group with the Pierre Robin sequence, from 100% to 40%. As a result of the provision of a feeding-support nurse and airway management of patients with the Pierre Robin sequence, the incidence of FTT was reduced and the audit loop closed.     

用医学美学的理念指导唇腭裂患儿的临床护理

目的:总结以医学美学的理念指导先天性唇腭裂患儿临床护理的经验。方法:本组患儿309例,男169例,女140例;年龄:1月~18岁,体重1.5~66Kg;单纯唇裂79例,唇裂伴腭裂181例,单纯腭裂49例。所有患者均行手术整复。主要的护理内容有:从医学美学的角度进行唇腭裂相关知识的宣教;帮助患儿及父母的心理达到平衡状态;以医学美学的理念指导常规护理操作和舒适护理;美化病房环境;出院的美学指导。结果:309例唇腭裂患儿的护理均取得了较满意的效果,唇裂患儿术后容貌明显美观;仅8例腭裂患儿发生腭瘘或复裂,其余患儿创口愈合良好,悬雍垂成形,语音明显改善。结论:以医学美学的理念指导临床护理,有助于提高唇腭裂患儿的医护质量和患者满意度,并有利于提高护理人员的美学修养。