游离腹直肌瓣加中厚植皮修复四肢骨及肌腱外露

目的：观察应用游离腹直肌瓣加中厚游离植皮修复四肢骨,肌腱外露的疗效。方法：应用游离腹直肌瓣加中厚游离植皮修复前臂桡骨,肌腱外露1例,股骨外露2例,足部骨骼外露5例。结果;腹直肌瓣均全部成活,2例植皮坏死,经再次植皮愈合,外形及功能尚满意。结论：游离腹直肌瓣血管蒂长,口径粗,解剖恒定,操作简便,损伤小,无形成腹壁疝的缺点,游离腹直肌瓣加中厚游离植皮具有抗感染力强,顺应性好,无肥厚且外形好的优点。     

吻合血管的游离肌肉瓣加网状皮片移植修复胫骨骨折合并骨外露及感染创面

目的介绍应用吻合血管的游离肌肉瓣加网状皮片移植修复胫骨骨折合并骨外露及感染创面的新方法。方法26例胫骨骨折合并骨外露及感染创面患者依伤情选择手术时机,5例采用一期吻合血管的游离肌肉瓣加网状皮片移植覆盖骨外露创面；6例急诊清创术后2周行二期修复；其余15例入院前胫骨远端感染严重,均采用二期肌肉瓣加网状皮片移植覆盖骨外露创面。结果26例中22例术后肌肉瓣及皮片全部成活；2例皮片部分坏死,2例创口延迟愈合,经换药均二期愈合。随访10～24个月(平均18个月),皮片色泽、质地、弹性均良好,无瘢痕挛缩。骨折均已愈合。结论肌肉瓣血运丰富,是修复胫骨远端感染及骨外露创面的理想方法,比较适合覆盖大面积软组织损伤合并骨外露创面和小腿远端慢性窦道及慢性骨髓炎骨外露创面。     

游离腹直肌瓣加植皮修复小腿及足踝部软组织缺损

目的探讨应用游离腹直肌瓣加中厚游离植皮修复小腿和足踝部软组织缺损的方法和疗效.方法 1998年5月～2002年12月,采用以腹壁下动、静脉为蒂的一侧腹直肌瓣游离移植加中厚植皮修复2例小腿、9例足踝部因外伤所致软组织缺损伴有骨、肌腱外露及骨髓炎患者.病程为1个月～10年.缺损范围3 cm×4 cm～8 cm×14 cm;切取腹直肌瓣4 cm×6 cm～8 cm×15 cm.结果术后11例移植肌瓣均成活,8例创口Ⅰ期愈合,3例移植中厚皮片坏死经再植皮后愈合.11例术后获随访6个月～4年,外形及功能良好.结论游离腹直肌瓣加中厚游离植皮修复小腿与足踝部软组织缺损具有血运好、抗感染力强和顺应性好等优点,可用于填充缺损及修复不规则创面,术后外形良好,克服了肌皮瓣肥厚臃肿的缺点.     

邻近肌瓣联合VSD植皮一期修复胫前骨外露创面

目的 探讨一种修复胫前骨外露创面的方法.方法 根据骨外露部位的不同,将39例外伤后伴有胫骨外露患者分为上、中、下3个区域,针对不同区域选择合适的肌瓣覆盖骨外露创面后,同期行VSD植皮修复创面,1周后拆除负压封闭引流装置.结果 39例胫骨外露创面所移植肌瓣、植皮均成活,2例表皮轻度糜烂,换药后愈合.术后随访3～6个月,创面愈合良好,下肢行走正常.结论 选择合适肌瓣联合VSD植皮一期修复胫骨外露创面,可提高手术成功率,减轻患者痛苦,缩短了疗程,是治疗该类创面的简便、有效的方法.     

腓肠肌内侧头肌瓣移植结合负压引流治疗小腿软组织损伤

观察应用腓肠肌内侧头肌瓣转移结合负压引流治疗小腿毁损伤临床效果.应用腓肠肌内侧头肌移位肌瓣移植结合负压引流二期游离植皮12例,修复创面最大18 cm×10 cm,最小10 cm×6 cm.随访6～36个月.肌瓣全部成活,3例游离皮片少许坏死,经换药后愈合.术后肌瓣肿胀明显,半年后肢体外形恢复,1年后骨折愈合.下肢恢复负重行走.应用腓肠肌内侧头肌瓣转移负压吸引治疗小腿毁损软组织缺损骨外露创面可获得良好的临床疗效.     

游离腹直肌肌瓣加植皮治愈7例胫骨下段难治性慢性骨髓炎

目的:探讨应用游离腹直肌肌瓣+中厚游离植皮治疗胫骨下段难治性慢性骨髓炎的方法和疗效。方法:自2003年5月～2009年12月,采用以腹壁下动、静脉为血管蒂的一侧腹直肌肌瓣游离移植加中厚植皮治疗7例胫骨下端慢性骨髓炎。慢性骨髓炎清创后缺损范围为4cm×5cm～7cm×10cm,切取腹直肌肌瓣的大小为5cm×6cm～8cm×15cm。结果:术后7例移植的腹直肌肌瓣均成活良好,中厚植皮无坏死。随访6月～2年,踝部外形及功能良好,2例患者硬化性骨坏死恢复正常。结论:游离腹直肌肌瓣+中厚游离植皮治疗胫骨下段的难治性慢性骨髓炎具有血运好、抗感染力强和顺应性好等优点,术后踝部外形及功能良好。     

修薄的背阔肌肌瓣联合植皮修复足背大面积软组织缺损

目的 探讨修薄的背阔肌肌瓣游离移植联合游离植皮修复足背大面积软组织缺损的应用和治疗效果. 方法 自2005年6月至2011年10月,共收治11例足背皮肤软组织缺损的患者,年龄4-46岁,其中男8例,女3例;早期创伤7例,贴骨瘢痕及陈旧性损伤4例.清创后缺损面积5.0 cm×6.0 cm ～ 8.0 cm× 12.0 cm,均伴有不同程度的肌腱、骨质外露.11例患者均采用修薄的背阔肌肌瓣游离移植联合游离植皮的方法修复创面. 结果 术后肌瓣及移植皮片均成活良好,7例术后随访3～10个月,外形良好,可正常穿鞋,移植皮片质地柔软,稍有色素沉着.结论 选用修薄的肌瓣游离移植表面植皮修复后组织的质地较薄,避免了皮瓣和肌皮瓣移植后臃肿的缺点,是修复足背缺损的较好方法.     

远端蒂腓骨短肌肌瓣修复踝关节周围感染性创面

目的 探讨远端蒂腓骨短肌肌瓣修复踝关节周围感染性创面的治疗要点及疗效。方法 2021年8月-2022年9月,治疗跟骨骨折术后骨感染4例,腓骨远端骨折术后腓骨感染1例,腓骨远端慢性骨髓炎1例,跟腱断裂术后感染1例。一期彻底清创,行抗生素骨水泥或封闭负压引流护创;二期采用远端蒂腓骨短肌肌瓣填充清创后死腔、覆盖创面,肌瓣表面用携带的肌皮瓣或游离植皮修复皮肤缺损。结果 7例患者中,肌瓣表面植皮4例,其中2例一期在肌瓣表面游离植皮,2例二期在肌瓣表面游离植皮,其中3例植皮全部成活,1例肌瓣因术后受压部分坏死,植皮未成活,再次清创植皮后创面愈合;3例以腓骨短肌皮穿支为蒂切取成远端蒂腓骨短肌皮瓣,肌皮瓣转移后未发生肌皮瓣坏死或液化。随访2～12个月,创面愈合好,质地及外形好,感染性创面未再破溃。结论 远端蒂的腓骨短肌瓣,血运可靠,能填塞踝关节周围清创术后死腔,控制感染,并同时修复此区域周围软组织缺损。手术方法简单、易行、安全可靠,是治疗感染性创面并修复软组织缺损的有效方法。     

局部筋膜瓣联合植皮在头面部骨外露创面修复中的应用

目的:探讨运用局部筋膜瓣加植皮修复头面部骨外露创面的临床疗效。方法:选择2016年6月-2018年12月笔者科室应用局部筋膜瓣加植皮修复有骨外露的头面部创面13例患者,其中外伤6例,皮肤恶性肿瘤7例。根据创面面积大小及形状,在创面旁切取获得适当大小筋膜瓣,范围3cm×6cm^6cm×9cm,经折叠后覆盖骨外露创面,将中厚皮片植于筋膜瓣上,术后观察植皮成活情况,评估临床疗效。结果:13例患者筋膜瓣及植皮均成活良好,术后随访1~6个月,外形良好。结论:局部筋膜瓣加植皮修复骨外露创面效果肯定,外形好,值得在临床推广使用。     

肠腓肌内侧头肌瓣植皮修复胫骨中上段骨外露

[目的]应用腓肠肌内侧头肌瓣转移及游离植皮修复小腿中上段软组织缺损骨外露的临床效果.[方法]2003年5月～2007年5月,利用腓肠肌内侧头肌移位肌瓣上Ⅰ期游离中厚皮片植皮修复小腿中上段软组织缺损、骨外露11例,修复创面最大18 cm×10 cm,最小10 cm×6 cm.[结果]随访6～36个月,肌瓣全部成活,2例游离皮片少许坏死,经换药后愈合.[结论]应用腓肠肌内侧头肌瓣转移Ⅰ期植皮修复小腿中上段软组织缺损骨外露手术操作简单,风险小,成功率高,不损伤主要血管.特别对小腿中上段皮肢软组织缺损面积大而腓肠肌完整的患者疗效显著.     

Reconstruction of large orbital exenteration defects after resection of periorbital tumors of advanced stage

Orbital exenteration is a devastating procedure because of the social impact and psychological stress put upon the patient. Besides cancer ablative surgery, reconstruction after removal of the tumor constitutes a major problem and the final aesthetic result is quite important. Both obliteration of the orbital cavity and continuation of the epithelial lining are required. Free rectus abdominis muscle and musculocutaneous flaps are versatile flaps which both enable filling the cavity and reconstituting the skin defect with a cutaneous portion or with a skin graft. Both free rectus abdominis muscle and musculocutaneous flaps were used for reconstruction of orbital exenteration defects in 19 patients. All suffered partial maxillectomy as well. The flaps provided satisfactory aesthetic results in all patients.     

An aesthetic perquisite of rectus muscle transplantation in extremity reconstruction

The authors combine a rectus abdominis muscle harvest with a mini-abdominoplasty in patients with Matarasso type II and III body types admitted for extremity reconstruction. The dermo-lipectomy tissue was used as a source for split-thickness skin graft. Twenty-five patients underwent the combined procedure. All flaps survived. Average quantity of skin harvested from the dermo-lipectomy tissue was 150 cm2 (range 100-250 cm2). Twenty-three of 25 (92%) required no additional skin grafting. The remaining 2 cases required less than 50 cm2 of additional split-thickness skin graft. There were no complications related to the mini-abdominoplasty. All patients were satisfied with their abdominal recontouring. The combined procedure results in an aesthetic improvement at the abdominal donor site and elimination or significant reduction of the morbidity related to a conventional skin graft donor site at the upper lateral thigh. This technique also allows thicker skin graft harvest without an associated increase in morbidity. The authors believe that this technique should be considered for patients with appropriate body habitus when a rectus abdominis muscle is the flap of choice or when multiple flaps including the rectus abdominis muscle are equal for the task.     

Choice of technique in covering an excision of neoplastic tissue in the inguinal area]

Cancer surgery of the groin may lead to large skin resection with exposure of the femoral vessels. A reliable coverage technique must be chosen to enable this kind of surgery. Six patients were operated on, and ten flaps were used (3 omentum - 3 rectus abdominis - 1 fascia lata - 1 gracilis - 2 latissimus dorsi free flaps). In the light of our results, omentum must be used when laparotomy is associated with inguinal resection and omentum is available. In the other cases, resection size could prohibit the use of local flaps and a contralateral rectus abdominis flap is chosen which allows coverage of the inguinal area down to the middle third of the thigh.     

Experience with 60 inferior rectus abdominis flaps.

We report on our experience with the inferior rectus abdominis flap. Since 1984, 60 patients have been operated on with this technique. The inferior rectus abdominis flap was used as a free flap, island flap or pedicle flap (inferiorly based). Pure muscle flaps served to fill bone defects in patients with chronic osteomyelitis or as a biologic cover of infected vascular prostheses following multiple vascular surgery in the groin. The myocutaneous and fasciocutaneous rectus flaps served to cover soft tissue defects of the upper and lower extremities after accidents, degloving and radical tumour surgery. We present data from our collective patients to document the benefits of the inferior rectus abdominis flap and recommend this technique as a safe surgical modality to manage large-surface soft tissue defects.     

The rectus abdominis muscle in difficult problems of hand soft tissue reconstruction

When soft tissue losses in the hand require flap reconstruction, local tissue is preferred. Distant flaps should be reserved for major or unusually complex tissue losses which preclude the use of local flaps. We have used the rectus abdominis muscle as either a pedicled or a free flap with an overlying split thickness skin graft for several such complex soft tissue problems. Functional and cosmetic results have been excellent with minimal donor site morbidity. While not the initial choice for distant tissue used in hand reconstruction, the rectus abdominis muscle can solve several complex soft tissue problems in the hand.     

Three-dimensional reconstruction of types iv and v midfacial defects by free rectus abdominis myocutaneous (RAM) flap

Extensive midfacial defects after ablative surgery constitutes a challenging problem for reconstructive surgeons. Particularly for types IV and V midfacial defects, provision of missing bony support and obliteration of the maxillary cavity defects require microsurgical free tissue transfers. In the last three years, four patients have undergone total maxillectomy for midfacial tumours and the postmaxillectomy defects were three-dimensionally repaired with free rectus abdominis muscle flap and skin graft or myocutaneous flaps. Obliteration of maxillary cavity defects and orbital support were achieved with this type of free flap. The least follow-up period of the patients is one year and slight ectropion, later corrected, was seen in two patients. In this study, the free rectus abdominis myocutaneous (RAM) flap, with its long vascular pedicle and availability of various skin paddle designs and muscle bulk, is presented in treatment of extensive midfacial defects. In spite of initial overcorrection of contour, the denervated rectus abdominis muscle gradually atrophies, resulting in loss of contour. The muscle bulk fills the cavity defect, but, in order to achieve good facial contour, it is necessary to support the bony skeleton with some material. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 18:148–151 1998