慢性心理应激小鼠胸腺免疫细胞凋亡损伤的研究

目的 观察慢性束缚应激下小鼠胸腺病理改变及天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶-3(Caspase-3)的活性,探讨应激对小鼠免疫器官的损害作用及途径.方法 动物随机分为空白对照组和应激组.应激组小鼠给予慢性束缚应激,每天1次,每次8 h,持续2周.应激后处死小鼠,制作胸腺HE片、免疫组化Caspase-3片,在显微镜下进行免疫阳性细胞记数并显微拍照.结果 应激后小鼠胸腺组织形态改变重量下降[NC组(0.1000±0.0193)g vs SS组(0.0703±0.0205)g,P＜0.01],胸腺指数下降[NC组(0.0034±0.0003)vs SS组(0.0028±0.0007),P＜0.05],同时应激组胸腺Caspase-3阳性细胞率增加[NC组(15.6±3.91)%vs SS组(55.2±7.12)%,P＜0.01].结论 慢性心理应激能造成胸腺损伤,Caspase-3参与了应激状态下胸腺免疫细胞损伤.     

阻断交感神经及加味逍遥丸对心理应激小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的探讨交感-肾上腺髓质轴阻断对心理应激小鼠免疫器官结构和细胞免疫功能的影响及加味逍遥丸调节心理应激损伤的作用机理。方法利用电刺激心理应激箱诱发心理应激模型、六羟多巴胺阻断外周交感神经、加味逍遥丸为平行对照研究中药;检测脏器指数、胸腺细胞凋亡率、NK细胞活性、淋巴细胞转化率、胸腺病理等免疫学指标。结果单纯应激组较单纯对照组小鼠胸腺指数下降、脾指数下降[(0.41±0.13)vs(0.53±0.15);P<0.05]、胸腺细胞凋亡率升高[(33.21±5.54)%vs(17.79±5.18)%;P<0.01]、NK细胞活性下降[(22.1±14.1)%vs(35.5±10.3)%;P<0.01]、淋巴细胞转化率下降(P<0.01);六羟多巴胺阻断后应激组较单纯应激组NK细胞活性增大[(31.9±14.7)vs(22.1±14.1);P<0.05]、淋巴细胞转化率升高[(6985±580)cpm vs(4810±598)cpm,ConA(0.5ug/ml);P<0.01];灌胃加味逍遥丸后应激组较单纯应激组脏器指数升高、胸腺细胞凋亡率下降[(20.37±4.56)%vs(33.21±5.54)%;P<0.01];二者均能显著降低血糖皮质激素水平(P<0.05)。结论阻断外周交感神经明显保护心理应激小鼠的细胞免疫功能;加味逍遥丸通过减少胸腺细胞凋亡、防止胸腺和脾脏萎缩、降低血糖皮质激素等方面发挥抗应激损伤作用,其发挥作用的途径可能不是通过阻断外周交感神经实现的。     

C57BL/6J小鼠慢性束缚应激抑郁症模型的建立

目的 通过慢性束缚应激(CRS)建立C57BL/6J小鼠抑郁症模型。方法 C57BL/6J小鼠经体重、糖水偏好、旷场实验初筛后从中选择20只小鼠并随机分为正常对照(NC)组和CRS组2组,每组10只。对CRS组小鼠进行连续21 d,每天4 h的束缚刺激,并最终进行糖水偏好检测和强迫游泳检测。结果 CRS组小鼠在水中不动的时间为(131.70±21.65)s,明显长于NC组的(68.88±8.43)s(P=0.0304)。CRS组小鼠0～24 h和0～48 h的糖水偏好百分比分别为(66.21±3.24)%和(73.25±1.50)%,均明显低于NC组的(79.46±3.85)%(P=0.0196)和(80.20±2.26)%(P=0.0248)。结论 通过慢性束缚应激成功建立C57BL/6J小鼠抑郁症模型。     

束缚应激对小鼠卵巢氧化损伤的实验研究

目的 探讨氧化应激标志物超氧化物歧酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)及丙二醛(MDA)等在束缚应激小鼠卵巢中的活性。方法 以束缚为应激原建立心理应激动物模型,将40只6～8周龄小鼠按随机数字表法分成空白组、束缚1周组、束缚2周组、束缚3周组,测定各组卵巢脏器指数;用ELISA检测试剂盒检测卵巢中SOD活力、GSH-Px活力、MDA含量变化;用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应和免疫蛋白印迹法检测SOD蛋白在各组小鼠体内的表达。结果 各束缚组脏器指数低于空白组(P<0.05)。各束缚组的MDA水平高于空白组(P<0.01),且不同束缚组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);束缚应激2、3周组与空白组相比T-SOD活力降低(P<0.01),且相关分析表明T-SOD活力与MDA水平变化呈负相关(r=-0.883,P<0.01),随着束缚应激实验周数增加,T-SOD活力呈一定降低态势,MDA含量呈上升态势;各束缚组GSH-Px活力低于空白组(P<0.01),且不同束缚组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。束缚应激2、3周组卵巢中SOD1与SOD2蛋白含量被显著抑制(P<0.05)。结论 慢性束缚小鼠卵巢中MDA的含量升高,T-SOD和GSH-Px的活力下降。束缚应激可能是通过抑制SOD的表达导致卵巢出现氧化应激损伤。     

新生期母婴分离对小鼠不同年龄段内脏痛敏及焦虑抑郁行为的影响

摘要：目的 探讨新生期母婴分离对小鼠不同年龄段内脏痛敏及焦虑抑郁行为的影响。方法 将新生期小鼠随机分为母婴分离（MS）组和非母婴分离（NMS）组,MS组小鼠于出生后第2 ~ 15天每天与母鼠分离3 h,NMS组小鼠不予处理;待小鼠成年后,按年龄分为青年组（3月龄）、中年组（10月龄）和老年组（18月龄）,分别进行腹外斜肌放电实验和内脏痛阈检测实验,观察小鼠内脏痛敏变化。实验进一步将NMS组和MS组小鼠分别给予急性束缚应激2 h,分为NMS组、急性束缚应激组（NMS+R）、MS组和母婴分离+急性束缚应激组（MS+R）,分别进行高架十字迷宫和旷场实验,观察小鼠焦虑样行为改变;NMS组和MS组小鼠进行糖水偏好实验,观察小鼠抑郁样行为改变。结果 在20mmHg结直肠扩张（CRD）压力刺激下,与NMS组相比,MS组小鼠腹外斜肌放电波幅在青年组和中年组中显著升高[青年组（22.04±3.24）μv比（14.70±3.10）μv,中年组（19.22±4.60）μv比（13.79±4.24）μv,P < 0.05或P < 0.01];在40mmHg CRD压力刺激下,与NMS组相比,MS组小鼠腹外斜肌放电波幅在青年组和中年组中显著升高[青年组（35.56±3.32）μv比（24.11±3.29）μv,中年组（32.38±4.43）μv比（25.61±3.67）μv,P< 0.01];在60mmHg CRD压力刺激下,与NMS组相比,MS组小鼠腹外斜肌放电波幅在青年组中显著升高[（47.16±4.24）μv比（36.96±4.63）μv,P < 0.01];与NMS组相比,MS组小鼠内脏痛阈阈值在青年组和中年组中显著降低[青年组（57.78±7.84）mmHg比（70.25±9.21）mmHg,中年组（59.79±9.07）mmHg比（70.00±6.32）mmHg,P< 0.05],表现出内脏痛觉高敏,随着小鼠年龄增加,内脏痛敏症状可缓解。在高架十字迷宫和旷场实验中,与NMS组相比,MS组小鼠在开臂次数百分比、开臂滞留时间百分比、中心区域停留时间和旷场总距离均显著减少[开臂次数百分比（34.84±5.78）%比（48.26±7.61）%,开臂滞留时间百分比（20.72±4.66）%比（31.39±4.80）%,中心区域停留时间（25.50±8.15）s比（38.81±5.07）s,旷场总距离（21.77±2.41）m比（30.42±5.41）m,P< 0.01],表现出显著的焦虑样行为改变;给予急性束缚应激后,与NMS+R组相比,MS+R组小鼠在开臂次数百分比、开臂滞留时间百分比、中心区域停留时间和旷场总距离均显著减少[开臂次数百分比（29.39±2.57）%比（38.65±5.04）%,开臂滞留时间百分比（15.53±4.80）%比（24.45±5.65）%,中心区域停留时间（20.33±4.98）s比（30.04±7.88）s,旷场总距离（18.57±1.68）m比（25.18±2.72）m,P< 0.05或P< 0.01],可进一步加重小鼠焦虑样行为;糖水偏好实验中,与NMS组相比,MS组小鼠糖水消耗百分比降低[（37.91±13.44）%比（55.64±21.41）%,P< 0.05],表现出显著的抑郁样行为。结论 新生期母婴分离能够引起小鼠成年后内脏痛觉高敏和焦虑抑郁样行为改变,内脏痛敏症状可随小鼠年龄增加而逐渐缓解,而对急性束缚应激的焦虑调节能力显著降低。     

热应激预处理对热应激小鼠脑体功能影响的时程变化

目的探讨热应激预处理后急性热应激小鼠脑体功能的时程变化。方法复制小鼠热应激预处理模型以及急性热应激模型,记录小鼠实验前后不同时间点的体质量,用穿梭实验法,观察各组小鼠热应激后0h、6h、12h、24h、36h不同时间点的学习记忆能力。采用斜板实验法监测小鼠在热应激预处理后各时间点的体质量和体力的变化。结果与对照组相比,热应激组和预处理组小鼠体质量均明显减轻(P<0.05)。与预处理组相比,热应激组小鼠在6h、12h时体质量明显减轻(P<0.05)。穿梭实验结果表明与对照组相比,预处理组在0h[M(3.38±0.52)次;EL(93.88±89.67)s]、6h[M(3.75±1.49)次;EL(78.63±95.54)s]时;热应激组在0h[M(5.125±1.70)次;EL(29.5±17.76)s]、6h[M(5.25±2.47)次;EL(66.4±96.52)s]、12h[M(3.50±1.07)次;EL(38.6±33.71)s]时错误次数(M)明显增高,潜伏期(EL)明显缩短(P<0.05)。预处理组小鼠在0h、6h、12h时较热应激组,错误次数明显减少,在12h潜伏期明显延长(P<0.05)。斜板实验结果表明与对照组相比,预处理组在0h、6h时;热应激组在0h、6h、12h时,爬坡角度明显降低(P<0.05)。预处理组在12h时于热应激组相比,爬坡角度明显增高(P<0.05)。结论急性热应激可以对小鼠的学习记忆以及体质量和体力造成明显的损伤,热应激预处理可以对这种脑体损伤起到很好的保护作用。     

天麻、法半夏对ox-LDL诱导的HUVECs损伤的影响

摘要 目的：探讨天麻、法半夏对氧化型低密度脂蛋白（ox-LDL）诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVECs）损伤的影响。方法：体外培养HUVECs，随机分为对照组、模型组、天麻组（5 mg/mL）、法半夏组（10mg/mL），流式细胞仪检测HUVECs细胞凋亡率、细胞增殖指数，Western blot法检测血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）和血管内皮生长因子受体-2（VEGFR-2）的表达，实时荧光定量PCR法检测半胱氨酸蛋白酶-3（Caspase-3）和半胱氨酸蛋白酶-9（Caspase-9 ）RNA的表达。结果：与对照组比较，模型组的细胞凋亡率升高[（4.32±0.11）%比（0.34±0.01）%，P<0.05]，细胞增殖指数下降[(43.40±4.04)%比(63.76±2.71)%，P<0.05]，VEGF表达下调（0.09±0.03比0.85±0.06，P<0.05），VEGFR-2表达下调（0.13±0.03比0.81±0.05，P<0.05），Caspase-3 RNA表达上调（1.67±0.02比0.79±0.01，P<0.05 ），Caspase-9 RNA表达上调（2.29±0.02比0.71±0.01，P<0.05）；与模型组比较，天麻组、法半夏组的细胞凋亡率下降[（2.51±0.45)% 、(2.12±0.13)%比(4.32±0.11)%，P<0.05]，细胞增殖指数升高[（50.83±2.46)%、(51.41±2.86)%比(43.40±4.04)%，P<0.05]，VEGF表达上调（0.60±0.04、0.30±0.03比0.09±0.03，P<0.05），VEGFR-2表达上调（0.55±0.05、0.55±0.03比0.13±0.03，P<0.05），Caspase-3 RNA表达下调（1.33±0.03、1.16±0.02比1.67±0.02 ，P<0.05），Caspase-9 RNA表达下调（1.86±0.09、1.82±0.02比2.29±0.02，P<0.05）；与天麻组比较，法半夏组的细胞凋亡率下降[（2.12±0.13)%比(2.51±0.45)%，P<0.05]，细胞增殖指数差异无统计学意义[（51.41±2.86)%比(50.83±2.46)%，P>0.05）]，VEGF表达下调（0.30±0.03比0.60±0.04，P<0.05），VEGFR-2表达差异无统计学意义（0.55±0.03比0.55±0.05，P>0.05），Caspase-3 RNA表达下调（1.16±0.02比1.33±0.03，P<0.05），Caspase-9 RNA表达差异无统计学意义（1.82±0.02比1.86±0.09，P>0.05）。结论：天麻和法半夏均能抑制ox-LDL诱导的HUVECs损伤，其机制可能与上调VEGF和VEGFR-2的表达、下调Caspase-3 RNA和Caspase-9 RNA的表达有关。     

逍遥丸对慢性心理应激小鼠免疫系统的影响

目的:探讨逍遥丸对慢性心理应激小鼠免疫器官结构和细胞免疫功能的调节作用。方法:利用应激箱诱发慢性心理应激模型,逍遥丸为抗慢性应激损伤中药,检测指标包括胸腺细胞凋亡率、胸腺病理、淋巴细胞转化率、血清糖皮质激素水平。结果:各应激组与非应激组比较,胸腺指数、淋巴细胞转化率下降(P<0.05),胸腺细胞凋亡率升高(P<0.05),胸腺病理损伤加重;逍遥丸应激组与生理盐水应激组比较,胸腺指数、淋巴细胞转化率升高(P<0.05),血清糖皮质激素水平、胸腺细胞凋亡率下降(P<0.05),胸腺病理损伤减轻;结论:逍遥丸对慢性心理应激造成的免疫系统结构和功能损伤有明显保护作用。     

老年抑郁大鼠海马CA3区c-fos和Caspase-3蛋白的表达

目的:探讨慢性应激老年抑郁大鼠海马CA3区c-fos和Caspase-3蛋白的表达,以探讨老年抑郁症的发病机制。方法:将20只Wistar老年大鼠随机分为实验组和对照组,每组10只。实验组大鼠每天强迫游泳20 min,并每周给予电刺激和强光照射各1次,经过21 d应激制作老年大鼠慢性应激抑郁模型,对照组正常喂养,不给予上述处理。采用特异性抗体标记的免疫组织化学方法,检测实验21 d后老年大鼠海马CA3区c-fos和Caspase-3蛋白的表达情况,并观察大鼠开场行为和排便情况。结果:①实验组老年大鼠中央格停留时间延长,水平穿越格数减少,修饰行为减少,排便次数增多;②c-fos平均灰度值:实验组(166.56±9.73),对照组(149.62±12.91),有显著差异P=0.000;③阳性细胞数:实验组(41.12±4.72),对照组(31.12±3.25),P=0.000;④caspase-3平均灰度值:实验组(202.59±2.64),对照组(179.74±8.24),有显著差异P=0.000;⑤阳性细胞数:实验组(24.73±2.57),对照组(18.86±1.13),有显著差异P=0.000。结论:慢性应激老年抑郁大鼠海马CA3区c-fos和caspase-3蛋白表达增加,行为表现异常,可能与慢性应激所致细胞凋亡增强,海马区脑组织损伤有关。     

慢性束缚应激对移植S180肿瘤小鼠肿瘤生长的影响

目的 观察慢性束缚应激下荷瘤小鼠肿瘤的生长情况及病理改变.方法 40只昆明小鼠建立慢性束缚应激模型,随机分为单纯肿瘤组(ST组)和肿瘤+应激组(T+S组).应激后处死小鼠,剥取肿瘤称重、制作肿瘤组织HE片,在显微镜下进行组织形态学观察并显微拍照.结果 T+S组瘤重[(1.69±0.33)g]明显较ST组重[(1.02±0.57)g],P ＜0.01;T+S组小鼠瘤细胞在异型性、瘤周及瘤内炎症三方面与ST组比较,差异有显著性,分别为[ST组(1.18±0.62) vs T+S组 (3.00±0.00),P ＜0.05;ST 组(2.02±0.36) vs T+S 组(0.78±0.16),P ＜0.01;ST 组(1.89±0.17) vs T+S 组(1.07±0.45), P ＜0.05].结论 慢性心理应激促进了肿瘤的发生、生长并使肿瘤的恶性程度增加.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.