肾移植急性排斥反应时尿中供体细胞DNA检测的临床意义

目的通过对肾移植患者急性排斥反应时尿中出现的供体细胞的DNA进行检测,试图找到一种方便快速、无创性诊断肾移植急性排斥反应的新方法.方法以供体为男性,受体为女性或HLA-DR抗原有错配的肾移植患者80例为研究对象,其中急性排斥反应34例,肾功能正常者41例,药物性肾功能损伤5例.利用PCR及PCR-SSP法分别检测Y染色体上特异的基因片断SRY、DYZ-1和HLA-DR抗原的基因片断DRBl.结果供体为男性的女性急性排斥反应患者11例,SRY阳性10例(90.9%),DYZ-1阳性11例(100%);对照组肾功能正常患者14例,SRY的检测结果为阳性1例,阴性13例(92.8%);DYZ-1阳性2例,阴性12例(85.7%).HLA-DR抗原有错配的急性排斥反应23例,DRBl阳性21例(91.3%),阴性2例,经抗排斥治疗17例转为阴性;对照组肾功能正常患者27例,DRBI阳性3例,阴性24例(88.9%).药物性肾功能损伤5例的PCR检测结果均为阴性.结论肾移植术后急性排斥反应发生时,患者尿中来自供体细胞的DNA高频率地出现,随着抗排斥治疗移植肾功能恢复而消失.同时,肾功能正常及药物性肾功能损伤患者供体细胞的DNA检测为阴性,说明肾移植患者尿中供体细胞DNA的PCR检测可以作为诊断急性排斥反应并与药物性肾功能损伤进行鉴别的一种崭新方法.     

Superiority of B locus matching over other HLA matching in renal graft survival

Graft survival after 348 consecutive first cadaver-donor renal transplants was significantly improved by HLA matching when recipients who had received pretransplant blood transfusions were matched with their kidney donor for two HLA-B locus antigens. No other type of HLA matching significantly improved graft survival in transfused recipients nor did any type of HLA matching in non-transfused recipients. Matching for one HLA-DR antigen had no benefit in transfused recipients. Only two patients received kidneys matched for both DR antigens and only two of those in whom DR matching had been performed had not been transfused. These results indicate that pretransplant blood transfusion and selection of graft recipients predominantly on the basis of HLA-B matching has significantly reduced the renal graft rejection rate in Newcastle upon Tyne over two years. Thus, HLA-B antigen matching should be adopted as the main criterion for kidney sharing between transplant centres.     

尸肾移植术后移植肾动脉狭窄发病原因分析

OBJECTIVE: To explore the possible causes of transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) in cadaveric transplant recipients. METHOD: We retrospectively analyzed multiple factors that may contribute to TRAS (including the patients' age, presence of diabetes, cold ischemic time, acute rejection episode, cytomegalovirus infection, serum cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, pre-operative dialysis, number of donor renal arteries, which side of donor kidney, type of surgical anastomosis, different protocols of inductive and maintenance drug therapy) in 18 recipients with transplant renal artery stenosis after cadveric renal transplantation from Jan. 2000 to Dec. 2001 in comparison with another 566 non-TRAS recipients who underwent the transplantation during the same period. RESULTS: There was a higher incidence of acute rejection in the TRAS group than non-TRAS group (66.67% vs 5.48%, P<0.01), and no significant difference was noted between TRAS and non-TRAS cases in terms of the pre-operative dialysis, presence of diabetes, cold ischemic time, number of donor renal arteries, whith side of donor kidney, type of surgical anastomosis, different protocols of inductive and maintenance drug therapy, cytomegalovirus infections and serum and LDL cholesterols. CONCLUSION: The occurrence of TRAS in cadaveric allografts is associated with acute graft rejection episode, suggesting the importance of the treatment of acute graft rejection in the prevention of TRAS.     

供体脾灌注对高度致敏肾移植受者嵌合体形成的影响

目的探讨供体脾灌注对高度致敏肾移植受者稳定期嵌合体形成及移植肾功能的影响。方法对16例高度致敏患者进行配对分组,实验组肾移植术中先予供体脾灌注40min,前瞻性观察脾灌注对患者术后6个月内嵌合体形成、移植肾排斥反应发生及移植肾功能的变化。结果脾灌注后受者外周血中供者来源的有核细胞数量显著增加,受者形成稳定嵌合体的时间较早,例数比对照组更多;肾移植术后脾灌注组排斥反应发生时间较对照组延迟,排斥反应严重程度明显较对照组轻微;术后6个月时,脾灌注组患者血肌酐值低于对照组。结论供体脾灌注可以显著提高高敏肾移植受者外周血中供者来源的有核细胞数量,减轻排斥反应强度,从而促进受者嵌合体的形成,有利于改善稳定期移植肾功能。     

Rituximab induction therapy in highly sensitized kidney transplant recipients

Background  The number of highly sensitized patients is rising, and sensitization can lead to renal transplant failure. The present study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of renal transplantation following induction therapy with rituximab in highly sensitized kidney transplant recipients.

Methods  Seven highly sensitized kidney transplant recipients who underwent rituximab therapy from December 2008 to December 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 3 men and 4 women, with a mean age of 38.5 years (range, 21–47 years). The duration of hemodialysis was 3–12 months, with a mean duration of 11 months. For 4 patients, this was the second transplant; the previous graft survival time was 2–11 years, with a mean survival time of 5.8 years. All the female recipients had history of multiple pregnancies, and all patients had previously received blood transfusions. All donors were men, with a mean age of 32.5 years (range, 25–37 years). In 2 of the 7 patients, both class I and class II of panel reactive antibody were high; the remaining 5 patients showed either high in class I or in class II of panel reactive antibody. The mean panel reactive antibody value was 31% for class I and 51% for class II respectively. The donors and the recipients had the same blood type, with low lymphocyte cytotoxicity ranging from 2% to 5%. The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) mismatch numbers were from 2 to 4. All patients received tacrolimus (0.1 mg∙kg^-1∙d^-1) and mycophenolate mofetil (750 mg twice per day) orally 3 days prior to surgery. All patients received a single dose of 600 mg rituximab (375 mg/m²) infusion on the day before surgery and polyclonal antibody (antithymocyte globulin) on the day of surgery. Postoperative creatinine, creatinine clearance rate, and occurrence of rejection by pathological biopsy confirmation were monitored.

Results  No patient had delayed graft function after surgery. Two patients had acute rejection, one on day 7 and the other on day 13 post-surgery. Diagnosis of acute rejections was based on the clinical assessments and pathological biopsy results. According to the Banff 07 classification of renal allograft pathology, one of the patients was Ia and the other was IIa; the C4d staining was negative in both patients. One patient received methylprednisolone plus cyclophosphamide and the other received antithymocyte globulin (ATG) therapy, both leading to successful reversion of the acute rejection. All patients were discharged postoperatively and all had normal renal function during the 7th to 12th month follow-up. Pulmonary infection occurred in 1 patient 4 months after surgery and was successfully cured.

Conclusion  Rituximab induction therapy can reduce the occurrence of postoperative humoral rejection in highly sensitized renal transplant recipients, suggesting that kidney transplantation may be safe and effective for these patients.

     

Coexistence of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg imbalances in patients with allergic asthma

Background  Recent recognition is that Th2 response is insufficient to fully explain the aetiology of asthma. Other CD4⁺ T cells subsets might play a role in asthma. We investigated the relative abundance and activities of Th1, Th2, Th17 and CD4⁺CD25⁺ Treg cells in patients with allergic asthma.

Methods  Twenty-two patients with mild asthma, 17 patients with moderate to severe asthma and 20 healthy donors were enrolled. All patients were allergic to house dust mites. Plasma total IgE, pulmonary function and Asthma Control Questionnaire were assessed. The proportions of peripheral blood Th1, Th2, Th17 and CD4⁺CD25⁺ Treg cells were determined by flow cytometry. The expression of cytokines in plasma and in the culture supernatant of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was determined by enzyme linked, immunosorbent assay.

Results  The frequency of blood Th2 cells and IL-4 levels in plasma and culture supernatant of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were increased in all patients with allergic asthma. The frequency of Th17 cells and the plasma and culture supernatant levels of IL-17 were increased, whereas the frequency of CD4⁺CD25⁺ Treg cells and plasma IL-10 levels were decreased in patients with moderate to severe asthma. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus specific IgE levels were positively correlated with the percentage of blood Th2 cells and plasma IL-4 levels. Forced expiratory volume in the first second was negatively correlated with the frequency of Th17 cells and plasma IL-17 levels, and positively correlated with the frequency of Treg cells. However, mean Asthma Control Questionnaire scores were positively correlated with the frequency of Th17 cells and plasma IL-17 levels, and negatively correlated with the frequency of Treg cells.

Conclusions  Imbalances in Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg were found in patients with allergic asthma. Furthermore, elevated Th17 cell responses, the absence of Tregs and an imbalance in Th17/Treg levels were associated with moderate to severe asthma. 

     

Measurement of serum amyloid A protein concentrations as test of renal allograft rejection in patients with initially non-functioning grafts

Serum amyloid A protein concentrations were monitored in 10 renal transplant recipients who required dialysis after transplantation because of an initially non-functioning graft. Fifteen rejection episodes were identified by repeated fine needle aspiration biopsies of the grafts. All rejections were characterised by pronounced increases in serum amyloid A concentrations, the mean peak value being 363 (SE 57) mg/1 as compared with a mean preoperative concentration of 14 (5) mg/1. The rise in concentrations preceded the start of anti-rejection treatment by an average of 2.5 days in eight of the rejection episodes, in five episodes it occurred the same day, and in two episodes it occurred the next day. With exclusion of the predictable surgery induced rise in values, which peaked on the second postoperative day, there were 17 increases in amyloid A concentrations peaking at greater than or equal to 100 mg/1; in two cases they were not related to documented rejection. These findings show that measurements of serum amyloid A concentration provide a valuable non-invasive aid in identifying acute renal allograft rejection, including that in patients whose graft does not function initially.     

Clinical application of real time-polymerase chain reaction in determining cytomegalovirus viral DNA load in renal transplant recipients

Background Cytomegalovirus (CMV) remains a significant clinical problem among immunosuppressed renal transplant patients.Quantitative PCR assays have become the most common methods in the determination of CMV infections in transplant patients.This study was to determine the relationship between CMV infection and the acute rejection of the transplanted kidney.Methods Plasma samples from 77 renal transplant patients that were pre-transplant negative for CMV infection were tested using real-time quantitative PCR and CMV gene-specific primers.The detected viral loads were retrospectively compared with the acute rejection rate and the chronic or mild rejection rates of the renal transplant.Results CMV-DNA was detected in 29 of 77 recipients,yielding a positive rate of detection of 37.7％ for this procedure.Twelve of the 21 recipients (57.1％) who suffered acute rejection had positive CMV-DNA.Among the 56 recipients suffered from chronic or mild rejection,17 (30.4％) had positive CMV-DNA plasma.Moreover,of the 29 recipients who had detectable CMV-DNA after transplant,12 (41.4％) suffered from acute rejection; of the 48 recipients with undetectable CMV-DNA,only nine (18.8％) developed acute rejection.Post-transplant patients with acute rejection had a higher rate (57.1％ vs.30.4％,P=0.03) of post-transplant CMV infection than those with chronic or mild rejection.Conclusion CMV infection is a risk factor of acute renal transplant rejection and CMV infection should be prevented and treated in renal transplant recipients.Chin Med J 2012; 125(19):3575-3577     

肾移植受者BK病毒感染的临床诊断及治疗

目的 探讨肾移植受者BK病毒(BKV)感染的诊断及治疗方法.方法 选取肾移植术后48个月内的患者共227例.采集其血、尿样本,行BKV尿沉渣细胞学计数与实时荧光定量PCR检测病毒拷贝.对部分肾移植受者进行移植肾活检.将尿或血中BKV DNA阳性患者80例分成干预组(51例)与对照组(29例).干预组进行调整免疫抑制剂:19例环孢素A(CsA)减量,22例他克莫司(FK506)减量,10例FK506转换成CsA;对照组不进行干预,并且密切监测急性排斥反应.干预3个月后再次检测,比较组内和组间干预前后BKV活化指标的差异.结果 227例受者的尿decoy细胞、BK病毒尿症与病毒血症的阳性率分别为33.O%、33.5%和15.4%.干预组干预后尿decoy细胞、尿和血BKV数量的中位水平均为O,明显低于干预前(5.0个/10HP,1.50 x 104拷贝/ml,0拷贝/ml,均P<0.01).对照组观察前后尿decoy细胞、血BKV数量的中位水平差异无统计学意义(6.0个/10HPvs 5.0个/10HP、0拷贝/ml vs 0拷贝/ml,均P>0.05),尿BKV数量观察结束时上升(观察前:0.79×104拷贝/ml,观察后:2.21 x104拷贝/ml,P<0.01).上述各项指标干预前后的差值在干预组与对照组间差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05).干预过程中所有患者均未出现急性排斥反应.确诊BKV相关性肾病4例,其干预治疗后尿decoy细胞计数以及血、尿BKV DNA均明显降低,移植肾功能有所恢复.结论 定量尿沉渣细胞学检测简单、易行、敏感,可以作为BKV活化的指标,间接反映肾脏病理情况.也可检测血、尿BKV DNA了解病毒活化情况、筛查BKV相关的移植肾肾病.减少免疫抑制剂剂量或换FKS06为CsA治疗肾移植术后BKV感染效果良好.     

单中心10年失功能移植肾切除的原因分析

目的：探讨失功能移植肾切除的原因。方法：回顾性分析北京大学第三医院泌尿外科10年来切除的失功能移植肾27例,收集患者围手术期资料,并将切除的大体标本由2位经验丰富的病理医师阅片,根据Banff 2009标准进行诊断同时结合术中所见,明确失功能移植肾的切除原因。结果：病理提示15例为急性抗体介导性排斥反应或急性T细胞介导性排斥反应合并其他病变（其中结核菌感染1例,霉菌感染2例,IgA肾病1例,术中探查血栓6例,移植肾破裂3例）,6例为慢性活动性抗体介导性排斥反应合并其他病变［其中急性T细胞介导性排斥反应2例,移植后淋巴细胞增生性疾病（posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorders, PTLD）2例］,4例为移植肾终末期肾,2例为PTLD。本组中13例人类白细胞抗原(human leukocyte antigen, HLA)配型总错配点数大于1个,其中11例病理证实为排斥反应。结论：失功能移植肾切除的主要原因是排斥反应合并其他病变,HLA配型不完全一致可能是引起排斥的原因,血栓、感染等是合并的病变,而移植肾终末期肾、PTLD在失功能移植肾中也占到一定比例。     

微嵌合体在母亲子女之间活体肾移植中的作用

目的 观察不同供受体关系亲属活体肾移植的临床疗效及其与微嵌合体之间的关系.方法 回顾性分析复旦大学附属中山医院2004-2008年130例亲属肾移植临床资料.受者随访1～5年,利用微卫星及性染色体决定基因聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术检测外周血DNA微嵌合体,并根据随访结果,分析微嵌合体的作用.结果 受者1-年人/肾存活率分别为93.8%和92.3%,各供受者组关系比较发现1-年人/肾存活率差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).130例受者中46例(35.4%)行移植肾穿刺活检,病理结果证实发生急性排斥反应26例,急性排斥反应发生率为20.0%(26/130).26例中14例(53.8%)为母亲子女之间肾移植,12例(46.2%)为其他供受者关系肾移植.母亲子女肾移植中急排斥反应发生率为30.4%(14/46),高于其他供受者关系肾移植急性排斥反应发生率(14.3%,12/84,P=0.028).130例受者中43例术后不同时间进行了外周血微嵌合体检测,在其中16例母亲供肾的受者中,4例检测到微嵌合体,阳性率25.0%;27例其他供者的受者中,4例检测到微嵌合体,阳性率为14.8%;母亲供肾微嵌合体阳性率比其他关系高约1倍.微嵌合体阳性组急性排斥反应发生率较微嵌合体阴性组高约1倍.结论 母亲子女之间肾移植急性排斥发生率较高;母亲供肾的微嵌合率较高;微嵌合率高的组别急性排斥反应较高;母亲子女之间特殊的免疫学关系可能影响肾移植效果.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the microchimeric and rejection rates in living donor kidney transplant recipients in mother and child relations and other relations. Methods This retrospective singlecenter study enrolled 130 recipients to receive allografts from living related donors from 2004 to 2008 at our hospital. They were followed up for 1 - 5 years. The demographic data of the study population were analyzed by basic statistical methods. A total of 43 recipient blood samples were collected for the detection of microchimerism by the assays of short tandem repeat (STR) and sex-determining region-y gene (SRY)polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results The 1-year patient/graft survival rates were 93.8% and 92.3% respectively. And there was no significant differences between mother and child group and other relative group. Forty-six biopsy samples were collected from 46 recipients. Twenty-six (20.0% ) cases had the occurrences of acute rejection episodes in different Banff degrees as proven by biopsy. 53. 8% ( 14/26)cases were mother and child renal transplantation, higher than other relative (46. 2%, 12/26) . The mother donor kidney transplant recipients had about a twice higher rejection rate ( 30.4% vs 14. 3%, P = 0.028 ) and a twice higher microchimeric rate(25. 0% vs 14. 8% )than other relative. Conclusion Compared with other relations, the mother donor kidney recipients tend to have higher rates of microchimerism and acute rejection. And the special immune effect in mothers and children renal transplantation may influence its outcomes.     

miR-663在肾移植急性排斥反应中的调控作用

目的比较肾移植急性排斥（acute rejection, AR）病人及非AR病人血清miR-663表达水平,在细胞水平上探讨miR-663参与肾移植AR的调控作用,为临床早期诊治AR提供新思路。方法Real time PCR 检测肾移植AR病人及非AR病人血清miR-663表达水平。设置miR-663 mimic组、miR-663 inhibitor组、阴性对照组及空白对照组;MTT及Annexin V-FITC分别检测过表达miR-663和抑制miR-663表达对人肾小球内皮细胞（HRGEC）生存率和凋亡率的影响;ELISA检测过表达miR-663和抑制miR-663表达对IL-6、IFN-γ、CCL-2及TNF-α表达水平的影响;Transwell 实验检测过表达miR-663和抑制miR-663表达对巨噬细胞趋化性的影响。结果AR组患者血清miR-663表达水平明显较非AR组的肾移植患者升高（4.73±0.28 vs 1.06±0.04;P<0.01）。MTT显示过表达miR-663可以降低HRGEC的生存率并且明显增加其凋亡率,而抑制miR-663则可以降低HRGEC凋亡。过表达miR-663可以明显提高相关炎症因子的表达,同时明显增加巨噬细胞的趋化性。结论miR-663在肾移植AR过程中发挥着重要作用,可做为早期诊断AR的外周血标志物,并有望成为治疗肾移植AR的一个潜在分子靶点。     

转化生长因子β1基因多态性与慢性移植肾肾病的关系

目的 探讨肾移植受者转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)基因多态性与慢性移植肾肾病(CAN)的关系.方法 选取本医院经临床表现及病理确诊为CAN的50例患者作为CAN组,50例肾移植术后移植肾功正常者为对照组.用全血DNA提取试剂盒自两组静脉血标本中提取DNA模板,应用微量序列特异性引物聚合酶链反应(PCR-SSP)对两组患者的TGF-β1" 869"和" 915"遗传突变位点的基因型进行测定比较.依据文献中基因型与血清细胞因子水平的关系,划分患者TGF-β1表现型为高产量及中低产量,为在研究TGF-β1基因多态性对CAN的影响时剔除干扰因素,同时对可能影响CAN的临床因素进行筛选分析.结果 CAN组中TGF-β1基因表现型为高产量者为70%(35/50),对照组高产量者为38%(19/50),两组相比有显著差异(χ2=10.306,P=0.001).对发生CAN的可能影响因素的比较显示,急性排斥反应在两组间有差异,进行再次分组比较,显示有无急性排斥反应对CAN组及对照组中TGF-β1的高产量率无影响,CAN组中高产量率明显高于对照组.结论 CAN中TGF-β1基因的表现型以高产量为主,高产量率显著高于移植肾功正常患者,提示TGF-β1高产量型与慢性移植肾肾病具有相关性.受者TGF-β1基因型可作为预测肾移植后发生CAN危险程度的一个指标.     

活体肾移植术对供受者的影响

目的 评价活体肾移植术对供受者健康的影响。方法 对6组活体肾移植术供受者进行随访,动态观察供受者术后并发症及肾功能情况。结果 6名供者,肾切除术后无并发症,术后肾功能正常。6名受者,其中1名PRAl00％,但患者和家属坚决要求手术,尸体肾移植术失败后再行活体肾移植术后发生超排,维持性透析状态。5名均予三联免疫抑制治疗,术后无其他不良并发症,肾功能均恢复至正常范围,其中1名术后发生急性排异,予甲基强的松龙(MP)冲击及抗淋巴细胞球蛋白(ATG)治疗后肾功能恢复正常,另1名发生临界排异,予MP冲击5天缓解。结论 活体肾移植术效果肯定,可延长受者及移植物存活时间,对供者健康影响较小,可以在有一定条件的单位开展,并应重视对供受双方的术前健康评价和术后随访。     

135例肾移植受者移植物丢失的原因分析

目的 探讨肾移植术后受者移植肾丢失的原因。方法 回顾性分析 2002年1月1日~2022 年1月1日在中国人民解放军总医院第八医学中心肾移植术后移植物发生丢失的135例受者临床资料。结果 受者移植肾丢失135例,移植肾丢失原因包括排斥反应70例（51.8%）、受者带功能死亡37例（27.4%）、外科并发症12例（8.9%）、药物毒性4例（3.0%）、耐碳青霉烯肺炎克雷伯菌感染4例（3.0%）、多瘤病毒相关性肾病3例（2.2%）、原发性无功能肾2例（1.5%）、原发病复发2例（1.5%）、肾前性急性肾衰1例（0.7%）。结论 肾移植术后受者移植物丢失原因主要原因是排斥反应,次要原因是受者带功能死亡,其他原因少见。     

尸肾移植术后移植肾动脉狭窄发病原因分析

目的探讨尸体肾移植术后移植肾动脉狭窄(TRAS)的可能发病原因。方法对尸体肾移植术后18例TRAS患者与未发生TRAS的566受者有可能影响TRAS发生的多个因素进行统计分析。结果(1)TRAS患者的肾移植术后急性排斥反应发生率显著高于非TRAS者(66.67% vs5.48% , P<0.01);(2)发生与未发生TRAS的受者在术前透析方式、糖尿病发病、供肾冷缺血时间、供肾动脉数、供肾侧、供肾动脉吻合方式、术后免疫诱导用药、术后口服免疫维持治疗、术后巨细胞病毒感染以及发病时血脂等诸方面均无显著差异。结论肾移植术后TRAS的发生与移植术后急性排斥反应的发生有密切关系。     

Kidney

The clinical feasibility study on kidney transplantation for uremia patients without prior dialysis,Relationship between MDR1 exon 26 genotype and dosage of FKS06 and acute rejection following renal transplantation,Clinical application of mizoribine in minimizing virus infection risk in renal graft recipients, Prospectively study of pravastatin in the treatmerit of dyslipidemia after renal transplantation, Gene expression profile in acute rejected transplant kidneys detected by microarray[第一段]     

Impact of acute rejection episodes on long-term renal allograft survival

Objective To assess the impact of the number, and time of acute rejection (AR) and outcome of anti-rejection therapy on the long-term survival of renal allografts and the relative risk factors. Methods The Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank test were used to calculate the survival rates of patients and grafts in no acute rejection group (NAR, 895 patients), 1 rejection episode group (1AR, 183), 2 and more than 2 rejection episodes group (2AR, 17), acute rejection group ［AR (1AR+2AR), 200］, early acute rejection group (within 90 days after transplantation, EAR, 125), late acute rejection group (91 days later, LAR, 58), completely AR reversed group (CAR, 105), and incompletely AR reversed group (IAR, 68). The relative risk factors were analyzed by the Cox proportional hazards regression. Results The 5- and 10-year survival rates of renal allografts were 75.4% and 17.1% in AR and 93.2% and 86.5% in the NAR group (P&lt;0.0001). The long-term graft survival was much lower in the 2AR group than in the NAR or 1AR groups (P&lt;0.0001 and P=0.002, respectively). It was similar in either the NAR or CAR groups (P=0.31), but it was significantly lower (P&lt;0.0001) in the IAR group. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the outcome of anti-rejection therapy is an important risk factor affecting the long-term survival of allografts. Conclusions AR is significantly associated with poor long-term survival of renal allografts. But the long-term graft survival of patients with one acute rejection but completely reversed is not significantly different from that of patients without acute rejection.     

肾移植受者尿液可溶性白介素Ⅱ受体的动态监测及其意义

目的　探讨可溶性白介素Ⅱ受体与肾移植术后患者排斥反应的关系。方法　对 42例肾移植患者分别于术前 1d及术后d3,d7,d14,d2 8采集血液和尿液 ,动态监测可溶性白介素 2受体 ,并与正常人比较。结果　尿毒症患者血清及尿液中的白介素Ⅱ受体浓度高于正常人 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;肾移植术后平稳患者 ,其可溶性白介素Ⅱ受体浓度接近正常人 ;术后发生急性排斥及感染时 ,可溶性白介素Ⅱ受体浓度显著高于平稳患者 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　尿液可溶性白介素Ⅱ受体浓度监测可为移植肾急性排斥的早期诊断提供依据 ,对肾移植术后急性排斥反应、急性肾小管坏死及感染的鉴别诊断有较好的参考价值     

移植肾急性排斥前后外周血淋巴细胞CD15S抗原表达的变化

目的：研究移植肾急性排斥前后及肾功能稳定患者外周血淋巴细胞CD15S抗原表达及意义。方法：70人（95例次）分为术后稳定组（组1,n=45）、急性排斥反应组（组2,n=25）及抗排斥治疗逆转组（组3,n=25）。应用流式细胞技术检测三组外周血淋巴细胞CD15S抗原的表达,观测各组的CD15S阳性细胞率。对各组间观测值之间的差异用独立样本t检验进行分析。结果：组2表达显著高于组1和组3（P＜0.01）,组1和组3间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结论：抗排斥治疗逆转后,CD15S表达降低至术后稳定组患者水平,监测该抗原可诊断急性排斥反应,并可提示抗排斥治疗的效果。