环孢素和舒莱单一或联合应用对大鼠同种异体心脏移植抗排斥的作用

目的：观察环孢素A和舒莱单一或联合用药对大鼠同种异体心脏移植的作用，评价联合用药的药效。方法：不同剂量环孢素A和舒莱单一或联合用于大鼠心脏移植，术后观察移植心存活时间，取移植心行病理组织学检查，检测血清IL-2和IL-4水平。结果：单一及联合用药均能延长移植心的存活时间，而且移植心存活时间越长，其发生排斥反应的程度就越轻。在急性排斥时血清IL-2水平明显升高，而移植心长期存活者IL-4水平明显升高。结论：环孢素A和舒莱可有效地抑制同种异体的移植排斥反应，联合应用有明显的协同作用。     

Anergic cells induced by the blockade of CD40-CD154 and CD28-B7 costimulatory pathways act as potent immunoregulatory cells in vitro and vivo

Background This study was to evaluate whether anergic cells induced by the blockade of CD40-CD154 and CD28-B7 costimulatory pathways can act as potent immunoregulatory cells in vitro and prolong cardiac allograft survival after adoptive transfer.Methods Anergic cells were induced in vitro by the addition of anti-CD154 and anti-CD80 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to primary MLR (mixed lymphocyte reaction) consisting of BALB/c as responder and C3H as stimulator. Anergic cells were added to a newly formed MLR in assessing the regulatory capacity and antigen specificity of anergic cells. The ability of anergic cells to respond to antigen and/or exogenous recombinant mouse interleukin-2 (rmIL-2) was tested. For in vivo studies, anergic cells were intravenously injected into 3.0-Gy γ-irradiated BALB/c mice immediately after heterotopic abdominal cardiac transplantation. To prolong allograft survival, recipient mice injected with anergic cells received rapamycin therapy ［1 mg·day（-1）·kg（-1）］.Results Anergic cells strongly suppressed the proliferation of naǐve BALB/c splenocytes against the original (C3H) stimulator in a dose-dependent manner, but they failed to suppress the proliferation of naǐve BALB/c splenocytes against the third-party （C57BL/6J） stimulator. The anergic state was reversed by both original (C3H) stimulator and additional exogenous IL-2. In in vivo studies, untreated irradiated BALB/c mice rejected C3H cardiac allografts with a mean survival time of (8.6±1.1) days, whereas those injected with the anergic cells rejected the allografts with a mean survival time of (11.8±1.9) days, which was slightly longer than that of the untreated mice. The protocol based on anergic cells injection plus rapamycin therapy could prolong allograft survival significantly ［(29.6±4.4) days］. Conclusions Anergic cells induced by the blockade of CD40-CD154 and CD28-B7 costimulatory pathways can act as potent immunoregulatory cells in vitro, and prolong cardiac allograft survival after adoptive transfer in the presence of rapamycin therapy. This procedure might be clinically useful for prolonging allograft survival if optimal protocols are developed.     

核因子-κB抑制剂熊果酸延长小鼠心脏移植物存活时间

目的:研究熊果酸对同种异体小鼠心脏移植排斥反应的作用.方法:体外实验:CD3、CD28单抗刺激B6小鼠T细胞,实验组加入不同浓度的熊果酸.24 h后检测P65核转位程度;48 h后检测T细胞表面CD25、CD69表达情况.体内实验:熊果酸用0.5%羧甲基纤维索钠混悬.行BALB/c到B6的小鼠心脏移植.实验组使用10m...     

单核细胞趋化蛋白-1和NF-κB通路在心脏移植排斥反应中的作用

目的 探讨单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)在心脏移植排斥反应中的表达及意义,并研究核因子-κB(NF-κB)通路在其中发挥的作用。方法 近交系SD大鼠为受体,Wistar大鼠为供体,“套管连接技术”行颈部心脏移植术。将SD大鼠随机平均分为4组,急性排斥组：受体未采用任何治疗;CsA组：移植术后环孢霉素A(CsA) 10mg/kg治疗受体,术后60～90d采集移植心脏;免疫耐受组：采用Wistar大鼠脾细胞(SPC)和环磷酰胺(CP)预处理SD大鼠,14d后行颈部心脏移植术;PDTC组：移植术后腹腔注射吡咯二硫氨基甲酸酯(PDTC)100mg/kg,1次/d,连续15d。Masson染色观察移植心脏纤维化程度,免疫组化及Western blotting检测MCP-1的表达。结果 急性排斥组、CsA组、免疫耐受组和PDTC组移植心脏存活时间分别为(6.53±2.48)d、(93.51±20.07)d、 (201.42±40.36)d和(142.37±24.64)d,PDTC组明显高于CsA组和急性排斥组(P＜0.05),且心肌纤维化程度明显减轻。各组MCP-1表达的积分光密度(IOD)值依次为(1.86±0.23)、(1.58±0.16)、(0.57±0.15)及(1.16±0.28),免疫耐受组明显低于其他３组,PDTC组显著低于急性排斥组和CsA组(P＜0.05)。结论 MCP-1的表达与排斥反应程度呈正相关,测定MCP-1的水平可预测移植心脏的功能状况;抑制NF-κB通路可减少MCP-1表达,明显减轻心脏移植排斥反应。     

CD25单克隆抗体对大鼠角膜移植术后房水中细胞因子表达的影响

目的 研究CD25单克隆抗体对大鼠角膜的毒性以及对同种异体大鼠角膜移植后房水中细胞因子的影响.探讨其对大鼠角膜移植免疫排斥反应的防治效果.方法 ①将12只SD大鼠随机分为生理盐水对照组、50μg CD25单克隆抗体结膜下注射组、100μg CD25单克隆抗体结膜下注射组、200μg CD25单克隆抗体结膜下注射组,每组3只.各组大鼠均右眼用药.分别于0、2、4、6、8d结膜下注射生理盐水及不同剂量的CD25单克隆抗体,共5次.每日行裂隙灯显微镜检查.观察角膜有无水肿、混浊发生.并于第9天取右眼角膜行病理及透射电镜观察角膜各层的变化.②以Wistar大鼠为供体,SD大鼠为受体建立角膜移植实验模型.将93只SD大鼠随机分为五组,A组:正常组;B组:角膜移植对照组;C组:CD25单克隆抗体治疗组;D组:CD25单克隆抗体联合地塞米松治疗组;E组:地塞米松治疗组.B组术后给予生理盐水;C组术后给予CD25单克隆抗体100 μg;D组术后给予CD25单克隆抗体100μg联合地塞米松50 μg治疗;E组术后给予地塞米松100μg;各共用5次,分别于术后0、2、4、6、8 d经球结膜下注射给药.用裂隙灯观察移植排斥情况.利用逆转录-多聚酶链反应检测植片内IFN-γmRNA的表达,酶联免疫吸附法检测房水中IFN-γ和IL-4的浓度.结果 ①50μgCD25单克隆抗体和100μgCD25单克隆抗体对角膜基本无影响;200μg的CD25单克隆抗体组透射电镜检查发现角膜基质细胞及内皮细胞有不同程度的肿胀.②C、D、E组发生排斥反应时间分别为(13.167±1.169),(17.333±2.160),(16.417±1.379)d较B组发生排斥反应时间(10.583±1.084)a明显延迟,差异有统计学意义(p＜0.05).正常角膜无IFN-γmRNA的表达,术后11天.B组移植角膜植片内IFN-γmRNA的表达较C、D、E组明显增强(p＜0.05).C、D、E组术后6 d及11 d房水巧N叫的含量明显低于同期的B组(p＜0.05);同C组相比,术后11d D、E组房水IFN-γ的含量明显降低(P＜0.05).术后6 d和11 d,与B组相比,同期C组IL-4含量明显升高(P＜0.05),而同期D、E组IL-4含量明显降低(P＜0.05);术后6 d和11 d,与C组相比,同期D、E组IL-4含量明显降低(P＜0.05).结论 50μg CD25单克隆抗体和100 μgCD25单克隆抗体对角膜基本无影响.IFN-γ和IL-4在角膜移植免疫排斥反应过程中发挥重要的作用.CD25单克隆抗体通过抑制Th1因子(IFN-γ)、促进Th2因子(IL-4)表达降低角膜移植免疫排斥反应的发生率,从而延长角膜植片存活时间;而CD25单克隆抗体联合地塞米松治疗通过同时抑制Th1因子(IFN-γ)、Th2因子(IL-4)表达,却更能延长角膜植片的存活时间,具有重要的临床应用价值.     

Effects of combined immune therapy on survival and Th1/Th2 cytokine balance in rat orthotopic liver transplantation

Background The induction of immune tolerance and suppression of allograft rejection has become the focus in the study of liver transplantation. The effect of immune therapy with anti-CD40L mAb alone or in combination with cyclosporine A (CsA) on the recipient survival and Th1/Th2 cytokine profile was studied to elucidate its immunological mechanism and role in rat orthotopic liver transplantation. Methods The model of rat orthotopic liver transplantation was established by modified Kamada’s technique. Recipients were divided into group A (control group): SD→SD; group B (group of rejection): SD→Wistar without any treatment; group C: SD→Wistar with CsA monotherapy from day 1 to day 5; and group D: SD→Wistar with CsA from day 1 to day 5 and anti-CD40L mAb on day 0 and day 2. The survival of the recipients in all groups was observed and ELISA technique was used to detect the level of cytokines in peripheral blood on post-transplant day 7. Results The survival period of recipients in groups A (>60 days) and D (>60 days) was significantly longer than that in group B (13.8±2.4 days). The serum levels of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interferon γ in group B were significantly higher than those in other groups; the level of tumor necrosis factor α was higher but not statistically significant. In contrast, the serum levels of IL-4 and IL-10 in group D were elevated more significantly than those in group B (P<0.05). Conclusions Combined immune therapy can prolong the survival of allografts. Increased expression of Th2 cytokines, which is closely related to the induction of tolerance and suppression of rejection, is beneficial to the long-term survival of recipients and allografts.     

心胸腺联合移植诱导大鼠同种异体移植免疫耐受

目的:研究心胸腺联合移植对大鼠同种异体移植心脏的抗排斥作用.方法:应用显微外科技术行心胸腺联合移植,通过移植心存活时间、病理学检查、CD4 ,CD8 T细胞的浸润及检测血中和移植心中IL-2和IL-4水平,观察移植胸腺的作用.结果:对照组移植心平均存活(6.0±0.76)d,保留胸腺的大鼠行心胸腺联合移植其移植心平均存活(6.88±0.64)d(P＜0.05);胸腺切除后行心胸腺联合移植可明显延长移植心的存活达(14.13±5.82)d(P＜0.01),短期应用环孢素则可使移植心长期存活:在移植心获长期存活组其移植心及胸腺的病理改变及CD4 ,CD8 T细胞的浸润均很轻微,且其血清及移植心组织中的IL-2降至较低水平,而IL-4则维持在较高水平.结论:无论保留或切除受体胸腺,心胸腺联合移植均有利于移植心的存活,而且胸腺切除后心胸腺联合移植对移植心有更显著的保护作用,短期应用免疫抑制剂则可诱导大鼠对同种异体移植心脏的耐受.     

调节性T细胞和共刺激通路阻断剂抑制大鼠肝移植急性排斥反应的研究

目的探讨CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞、共刺激通路阻断剂CD154单抗及两者联合应用在抑制大鼠肝移植急性排斥反应中的作用。方法48例原位肝移植大鼠（DA→Lewis）分为A组：对照组;B组：术前7d回输经DA大鼠脾细胞体外激活的Lewis大鼠CD4^＋CD25^＋细胞;C组1术后第1、2d腹腔注射CD154单抗（15m/kg）;D组：联合应用CD4^＋CD25^＋细胞和CD154单抗。术后7d各组处死6只受体,观察移植肝病理变化,检测移植肝内T细胞亚群和细胞因子白细胞介素之（IL-2）、IL4、IL-10和转化生长因子B1（TGFβ1）表达情况;分离脾淋巴细胞与供体行单向混合淋巴细胞反应观察刺激指数。余大鼠观察生存情况。结果D组平均存活时间（52．00±10．64）d明显长于其他各组（P〈0．01）;移植肝内淋巴细胞浸润数量（2．47±0．61）×10^6和CD8^＋细胞百分比（14．2±3．0）％明显低于B、C组（P〈0．05、P〈0．01）,而CD4^＋CD25^＋细胞比例（16．4±4．3）％高于B、C组（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）。移植物内IL-2mRNA表达A组最高,D组最弱;IL4mRNA各组均弱表达;IL-10mRNAB、D组高表达,A、C组未表达;TGFβ1mRNAB、D组表达明显强于A、C组。单向混合淋巴细胞反应D组刺激指数最低（P〈0．05）。结论CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞和共刺激通路阻断剂CD154单抗均能抑制大鼠肝移植急性排斥反应;联合应用CD154单抗明显增强CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞对急性排斥反应的抑制作用。     

Effect of a PGE-1 analogue on the survival of cardiac transplant rats.

Prostaglandins can be considered as soluble factors of cell-mediated immunity. Studies with animal models have shown that prostaglandins of the series E-1 (PGE-1) can modulate the lymphocyte response to alloantigens. The goal of this work was to evaluate the immunosuppressive effect of a PGE-1 analogue (Enisoprost) on cardiac allograft survival in rats. PGE-1 was given to groups of six rats with heterotopic cardiac transplant. Group 1 was the untreated control group. Group 2a received PGE-1 from 0 to 4 days after transplant and group 2b received PGE-1 from 7 days before transplant to 4 days after transplant. Group 3 was treated with donor-specific blood transfusions (DST) 7 days before transplant. Groups 4a, 4b, and 4c were treated with DST and PGE-1 (0 to 4 days, -7 to 0 days, and -7 to 4 days relative to transplant, respectively). Group 5 was treated with cyclosporine (CsA), groups 6a, 6b, and 6c received DST, CsA and PGE-1. Cardiac allograft survival of group 2a (PGE-1) was better than that of the control group (9.6 +/- 1.7 days vs. 6.6 +/- 1.9 days) X +/- SD; p < 0.05. Group 4a (DST+PGE-1) had better cardiac allograft survival than group 3 (DST) (20.0 +/- 14.3 days vs. 14.3 +/- 3.3 days, respectively; p < 0.05). Group 6a (DST+CsA+PGE-1) had a better graft survival than group 5 (CsA) but the difference was not significant (44.6 +/- 13 days vs. 37.5 +/- 19.5 days, respectively; p = 0.20).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Orthotopic homotransplantation of vascularized composite mandibular tissue in rabbits immunosuppressed with cyclosporine A

Summary To develop the surgical model, composite mandibular tissue was transplanted at the same site. Revascularization was accomplished by end-to-end anastomosis of the facial vessels using standard microvascular techniques. A total of 33 vascularized composite mandibular tissue allografts were similarly performed between two incompatible strains of rabbit. In a control group of 9 animals, no immunosuppression was administered. All of these allografts were rejected acutely within 10 days after surgery. 7 allograft recipients were immunosuppressed with azathioprine and prednisone at 5 mg/kg.d and 2 mg/ kg.d, respectively. Their allografts were also rejected acutely within 10 days. 17 allograft recipients were immunosuppressed with cyclosporine A (CsA). All allografts showed primary wound healing and hair growth and took on normal appearance. 8 of these recipients were given CsA at 5 mg/kg.d i.v. and their allografts were rejected at a mean time of 17.9 days. The remaining 9 recipients given CsA at 10 mg/kg.d i.v. rejected their allografts at a mean time of 36.1 days. In 3 of them, the rejection was reversed with CsA (20 mg/kg.d) injection for five days successfully, and one allograft survived more than 100 days. This pilot study suggests that the surgical model is reliable and that CsA will be useful as an immunosuppressive agent in the study of vascularized composite mandibular tissue allografts.     

大鼠异位心脏移植急性免疫排斥期中血管内皮生长因子表达变化研究

目的:观察血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)在大鼠心脏移植急性排斥期中的表达及意义。方法:实验分为对照组和环孢霉素A(C sA)组,每组32只。采用腹部心脏异位移植术式建立移植模型,于心脏移植手术后分别灌胃给予生理盐水或C sA干预。常规监测排斥反应发生情况。每组8只用于观察移植物存活时间,余24只移植术后1、3、5、7 d各切取6例移植心标本。样本采用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)的方法检测移植心VEGF的DNA表达水平。结果:C sA组移植心存活时间15.4±5.1d,长于对照组7.6±1.5d,P<0.01;对照组各采样时段凋亡指数及VEGF的表达强度均强于C sA组,P<0.01。结论:VEGF高表达与移植心的炎性浸润及急性排斥反应密切相关,可能在同种移植免疫调节中起着重要的作用。     

树突状细胞单克隆抗体对大鼠心脏移植排斥反应的免疫抑制作用

探讨树突状细胞单克隆抗体（DC McAb）对大鼠心脏移植排斥反应的免疫抑制效果及其对细胞免疫和体液免疫的影响。方法：以大鼠同种异体腹腔心脏移植为模型（Wistar→SD），应用含DC McAb的WZD腹水按1∶25（McAb 25组）和1∶50（McAb 50组）稀释，心脏移植后受体腹腔注射给药7?d，1?ml/d，观察移植心脏存活时间。另设非移植组，相同方法给药4～5?d后处死大鼠，取脾观察DC McAb对大鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖、白细胞介素 2（IL 2）生成活性及绵羊红细胞（SRBC）免疫后抗体形成细胞功能的影响。结果：受体体内短期应用DC McAb，McAb 25组大鼠移植心脏存活时间为（19.37±2.93）d，McAb 50组为（19.13±2.25）d，而生理盐水对照组（NS组）为（8.75±1.28）d(P均＜0.01)；两McAb组脾淋巴细胞增殖、IL 2生成活性及抗SRBC抗体形成能力均明显低于对照组（P均＜0.01）。结论：DC McAb能够明显延长大鼠移植心脏存活时间，对大鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖、IL 2生成活性及抗体形成细胞功能均有明显抑制作用。     

白芍总苷辅助预防大鼠心脏移植排斥反应的研究

目的:评价白芍总苷辅助预防大鼠心脏移植排斥反应的作用。方法:将心脏移植后的大鼠随机分为对照组、他克莫司组、白芍总苷组以及他克莫司与白芍总苷合用组,观察各组供心存活时间,于术后第7天获取部分供心做病理学检查,并检测各组受体外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及受体的肝肾功能。结果:供心存活时间,他克莫司与白芍总苷合用组为(13.57±1.99)d,明显长于他克莫司单用组的(11.14±1.57)d(P<0.05)。他克莫司与白芍总苷合用组病理切片表明其排斥反应明显轻于他克莫司组。术后第7天,他克莫司与白芍总苷合用组外周血T淋巴细胞亚群中CD4~-T淋巴细胞的百分比为(32.43±4.39)%,明显低于他克莫司组的(38.71±5.15)%(P<0.05);外周血T淋巴细胞亚群中CD8~ T淋巴细胞的百分比和肝肾功能与他克莫司组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:白芍总苷和他克莫司联合应用对大鼠心脏移植排斥反应的预防作用优于他克莫司的单一用药,且毒副作用不增加。     

腺病毒介导CTLA4-FasL基因转移诱导大鼠心脏移植物长期存活的作用

目的　探讨腺病毒介导细胞毒T淋巴细胞相关抗原 (CTLA4 ) FasL基因转移延长异基因大鼠心脏移植物存活的作用及其相关机制。方法　供体DA大鼠心脏移植给受体LEW大鼠后 ,经门静脉注入 5× 10 9空斑形成单位 /毫升 (pfu/ml)CTLA4 FasL腺病毒 (AdCTLA4 FasL) ;随后 ,通过每天触摸受体大鼠腹壁 ,记录心脏移植物存活时间。受体大鼠尾静脉取血 ,用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定CTLA4 FasL融合蛋白的体内表达 ;通过过继性转移试验、混合淋巴细胞反应 (MLR)及白细胞介素 (IL) 2逆转实验、细胞毒T细胞 (CTL)活性测定、辅助性T淋巴细胞前体 (HTLp)和细胞毒T淋巴细胞前体 (CTLp)频数测定及辅助性T细胞 (TH) 1/ 2型细胞因子检测 ,探讨耐受机制。结果　经AdCTLA4 FasL处理的受体大鼠 ,异基因心脏移植物平均存活时间达 (71 0± 2 3 7)d(n =6 ) ,而对照的未处理组、绿色荧光蛋白 (EGFP)腺病毒处理组和细胞毒T淋巴细胞相关抗原 4免疫球蛋白 (CTLA4Ig)腺病毒处理组平均存活时间分别为 (5 7± 0 5 )d(n =6 )、(5 2± 0 4 )d(n =6 )和 (4 5 7± 12 4 )d(n =6 ) ,差异具有显著意义 (均P <0 0 5 )。心脏移植物长期存活的受体大鼠对供体抗原的低应答可以被过继转移 ;MLR活性特异性降低 ,且不被外源性IL 2逆转 ;CTL活     

激活芳香烃受体抑制同种异体小鼠心脏移植物急性排斥反应

目的:验证在小鼠心脏移植中,2,3,7,8-四氯二苯二氧芑(TCDD)激活芳香烃受体(AHR)是否可以诱导调节性T细胞(Treg)扩增以及减轻急性排斥反应。方法:建立小鼠心脏移植模型,给予TCDD,观察对排斥反应及移植物生存期的影响。体外实验评估TCDD对Treg细胞比例的影响。检测受者体内Treg细胞比例及白细胞介素(白介素)-10表达水平。结果:TCDD激活AHR明显减轻心脏移植物内急性排斥反应,延长移植物存活时间[MST=(23.5±7.7)d]。体外实验中TCDD明显提升CD4+CD25+Foxp3+调节性T细胞比例[TCDD组(15.3±2.6)%;PBS组(4.7±2.4)%,P<0.01)],而受者体内脾脏和移植物内Treg细胞比例相比对照组也明显升高(P<0.05)。同时,TCDD明显提升了受者体内白介素-10的表达水平。结论:术前单次给予TCDD激活AHR可以明显抑制小鼠同种心脏移植物急性排斥反应,其机制可能与扩增Treg亚群有关。     

环孢霉素和供体脾细胞门静脉接种延长小鼠心脏移植存活

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of portal venous inoculation of donor splenocytes combined with cyclosporin A (CsA) administration on cardiac allograft survival in mice. METHODS: Heterotopic cardiac transplantation between fully allogenic NIH/q and BALB/C strain mice was performed. A modified procedure of neonatal heart-in-ear transplantation, as originally described by Fulmer et al, was adopted. We prepared donor splenocytes from NIH/q or third-party C57BL/6 spleens for BALB/C recipients, which were injected preoperatively via the recipient portal vein or the systemic vein 1 week before the heart-in-ear transplantation. The recipients were subsequently treated with a short course of the immunosuppressive agent, CsA (4 mg/kg starting from 7 d before the operation till 5 d after it). RESULTS: Portal venous inoculation of donor splenocytes combined with CsA significantly prolonged cardiac graft survival (n=6, P<0.05) that reached 31.00+/-3.23 d, and 2 of the 6 allografts survived for more than 35 d. Donor splenocytes injected via the systemic vein or third-party C57BL/6 mice splenocytes injected via the portal vein did not prolong graft survival (P>0.05). CsA alone or portal venous inoculation of donor-specific splenocytes alone also prolonged graft survival (P<0.05), with mean graft survival time of 18.50+/-2.59 d and 16.11+/-1.97 d respectively. CONCLUSION: Combination of portal venous inoculation of donor-specific splenocytes and CsA can prolong murine cardiac allograft survival, which is donor antigen-specific.     

青藤碱对心脏移植大鼠急性排斥反应及环氧化酶2活性的影响

目的研究环氧化酶2(COX-2)抑制剂青藤碱在大鼠急性心脏移植物排斥反应模型中的作用。方法进行40次SD→W istar的大鼠腹部心脏移植,移植后大鼠随机分为实验组(20只)和对照组(20只),实验组大鼠给予青藤碱30 mg.kg-1.d-1,对照组给予生理盐水,评价生存时间,检测移植心切片,进行排斥反应的病理分析和评价COX-2活性。结果实验组移植物生存时间12.5 d±2.6 d明显高于对照组生存时间6.8 d±0.5 d(P=0.001),移植后3 d、5 d时,实验组的炎性反应、血管内膜炎症、心肌水肿心肌坏死明显减轻。移植心的细胞凋亡明显减少(P<0.05),移植后5 d COX-2蛋白和mRNA表达减少。结论青藤碱能够延长移植物生存时间,减轻心肌损坏和炎症反应。     

Strong additive effect of calcitriol and cyclosporine A on lymphocyte proliferation in vitro and rat liver allotransplantations in vivo

Background Vitamin D3 and its metabolites have been found to exert immunosuppressive effects both in vivo and in vitro. We investigated the synergistic effect of calcitriol and cyclosporine A (CsA) on lymphocyte proliferation in vitro and graft rejection following rat liver allotransplantations in vivo.Methods Alloantigen driven, human peripheral mononuclear cells’ proliferation and cytokine production capacity were tested in the presence or absence of various concentrations of calcitriol or CsA. In vivo, liver allografts were transplanted in a high responder strain combination (SD to Wistar) rats and combination of subtherapeutical dose of CsA and calcitriol was administered in recipients, whereas the control recipients received single or no immunosuppressant. Proliferation of splenocyte from recipient was tested with mixed lymphocyte reaction. Serum interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) concentrations were measured with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results Combined medication of 10(-9) mol/L calcitriol and 100 ng/ml CsA inhibited human peripheral mononuclear cells’ proliferation to alloantigen and the production of IL-2 and IFN-γ but promoted that of IL-4 and IL-10. Similarly, combination of 250 ng·kg(-1)·d(-1) calcitriol and 1.0 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1) CsA showed an additive effect in liver transplant model. It restrained splenocyte proliferation to alloantigen from donor and significantly reduced serum concentration of IL-2 and IFN-γ in recipients. Consequently, allograft rejection in combined medication group was minor (median William’s grade was 1.0 vs 3.0 in combined medication group and in the control group, P&lt;0.05) and the recipients’ survival was evidently prolonged [(93.7±5.8) days vs (12.6±1.4) days in combined medication group and in the control group, P&lt;0.01].Conclusion A combination of calcitriol and CsA has an additive effect on limiting lymphocyte proliferation and prolonging liver graft survival. With its additional immunomodulating property, calcitriol is a potent immunosuppressant that can extend the therapeutic window of classical immunomodulators in prevention and treatment of liver graft rejection.     

Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist eye drops promoting high-risk corneal allografts survival in rats

Background Immune rejection is the main reason of grafts failure after corneal transplantation. This study was to determine whether interlerkin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) eye drops could prolong corneal allografts survival in high-risk corneal orthotopic allotransplantation in rat model and to study the effect of IL-1ra on the expression of CD1-positive cells in the grafts. Methods For all experiments, the Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats’ corneas were transplanted into Wistar rats’ eyes. High-risk transplants included those that had been sutured into Wistar recipient beds with corneal neovascularization induced by placement of three interrupted sutures in the host cornea 7 days earlier. All the animals were divided, in a masked fashion, into three treatment groups and one control group. Each treatment group received IL-1ra eye drops of different concentrations (1 mg/ml, 3 mg/ml, or 5 mg/ml, respectively) four times a day for 30 days. The control group received 0.9% normal saline (NS) eye drops in the same way as the treatment groups. All allografts were evaluated for signs of rejection from the first day after surgery. Ten days later, corneal specimens were processed to examine the expression of CD1-positive cells and histopathological changes. Results The survival time of the transplants was 5.80±0.79, 5.89±1.05, 6.78±0.83, and 9.00±2.36 days respectively in the control or three treatment groups. Compared with the control group, 1 mg/ml IL-1ra eye drop did not prolong the survival time of the allografts (t=0.210, P&gt;0.05). However, 3 mg/ml and 5 mg/ml IL-1ra eye drop did prolong the survival time of the grafts (t≥2.627, P&lt;0.05), with the latter showing more obvious effect. Immunohistochemical examinations showed a significant decrease in inflammatory cell and CD1-positive cell infiltration in IL-1ra treated groups compared with the control group. Conclusions IL-1ra can promote corneal allograft survival in a dose-dependant manner by reducing the infiltration of CD1-positive cells in high-risk corneal transplantation.