Apoptosis of infiltrating cells in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis

Objective To investigate the cellular phenotype and apoptosis of infiltrating cells involved in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU). Methods Immunohistochemical staining and in situ apoptosis staining were performed using monoclonal antibodies to monocytes and macrophages (ED1), major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class-Ⅱ antigen (OX6), T lymphocytes (R73) and TACS 1 Klenow kit on both ocular sections and wholemounts from Lewis rats after immunization with interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP). Results EAU was induced in 12 of 16 Lewis rats with a mean clinical inflammation score of 1.29±0.7.Influx of monocytes, lymphocytes and MHC class Ⅱ-positive cells into the uvea and retina was noted after immunization with IRBP. Apoptosis of infiltrating cells was observed in the uvea and retina, and more apoptotic cells were present in the iris and ciliary body compared with those in the choroid and retina. Conclusion Apoptosis of infiltrating cells occurs at the early stage of EAU, which may greatly contribute to the rapid regression of the inflammation induced by IRBP.     

Optical coherence tomography in measuring retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in normal subjects and patients with open-angle glaucoma

Objectives To investigate image characteristics and thickness of the retinal nerve fiber la yer (RNFL) in normal and glaucomatous eyes using optical coherence tomography ( OCT), and analyze the relationship between RNFL thickness and visual field index. Methods Eighty-three normal persons (150 eyes) and 83 patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG, 149 eyes) underwent OCT examinations with 3.4 mm diameter circ le scan to calculate the RNFL thickness. Statistical analysis was used to compa re differences in RNFL thickness in quadrants and means between the normal and g laucomatous groups and the different stages of POAG. Linear correlation and reg ression analysis were used to show the correlation between RNFL thickness and vi sual field index of 115 eyes in glaucomatous patients. Reproducibility, sensiti vity and specificity of RNFL measurements using OCT were evaluated.Results RNFL thickness measured by OCT in normal subjects was thicker in superior and in ferior, less in temporal, and thinnest in nasal quadrants. The curve showed dou ble peaks. RNFL of glaucomatous patients showed local thinning or defect, diffu se thinning, or both. The mean RNFL thicknesses of the normal group in the temp oral, superior, nasal and infeior quadrants were 90.1±10.8 μm, 140.4±10. 5 μm, 85.2±14.0 μm, and 140.4±9.7 μm, respectively with a mean of 1 14.2±6.0 μm.The numbers for the glaucomatous group were respectively 56.0 ±31.0 μm, 81.0±36.3 μm, 47.1±27.5 μm, and 73.4±38.4 μm for th e four quadrants, with a mean of 64.6±28.8 μm. There was a significant dif ference in RNFL thickness between the normal and glaucomatous groups (P<0. 000), and the three stages (early, developing and late) of glaucomatous groups ( P<0.000). There was a close negative relationship between RNFL thickness a nd visual field index (r=-0.796, P<0.0001). The sensitivity and speci ficity of RNFL thickness in POAG measured using OCT were 93.3% and 92.0%, res pectively.Conclusions OCT can quantitatively measure RNFL thickness differences between normal persons and glaucomatous patients. RNFL thickness gradually decreases while visual fie ld defect increases with the development of POAG.     

Neuronavigator-guided glioma surgery

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of neuronavigator-guided surgery for the resection of gliomas. Methods A total of 80 patients with gliomas underwent surgical treatment under the StealthStation neuronavigator to estimate the extent of the tumors. In 27 cases, the measurements of brain shifts at the dura, cortical surface and lesion margin were recorded during the operations. A technique termed “micro-catheter fence post” was used in superficial gliomas to compensate for brain shift.Results Mean fiducial error and predicted accuracy in the 80 cases were 2.03 mm±0.89 mm and 2.43 mm±0.99 mm, respectively. The shifts at the dura, cortical surface and lesion margin were 3.44 mm±2.39 mm, 7.58 mm±3.75 mm, and 6.55 mm±3.19 mm, respectively. Although neuronavigation revealed residual tumors, operations were discontinued in 5 cases of deep-seated gliomas. In the other 75 cases, total tumor removals were achieved in 62 (82.7%), and subtotal removals were achieved in 13 (17.3%). Post-operation, neurological symptoms were improved or unchanged in 68 cases (85.0%), and worsened in 12 (15.0%). No deaths occurred during the operations and post-operations. Conclusions Intraoperative brain shifts mainly contribute to the fail of spatial accuracy during neuronavigator-guided glioma surgery. The “micro-catheter fence post” technique used for glioma surgery is shown to be useful for compensating for intraoperative brain shifts. This technique, thus, contributes to an increase in total tumor removal and a decrease in surgical complications.     

Transient retinal ischemia-reperfusion in rats

Objective To investigate the effect of transient ischemia-reperfusion on the retina in rats. Methods Retinal ischemia-reperfusion was induced in rats by increasing the intraocular pressure.After 1 or 5 minutes of ischemia, retinal neuronal cell death at diffesent periods of reperfusion was studied using the TdT-deoxynucleotide terminal nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method and light microscopy.Retinal IL-1β and TNFα were quantified by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results A few migrating leukocytes were noticed in the retina after transient retinal ischemia-reperfusion. Rare TUNEL-positive (T+) cells were noticed in the outer granular layer or the rod and cone layer, and not in ganglion cell layer in control eyes, but they were significantly increased in the outer granular layer, the inner granular layer, and ganglion cell layer in the eyes treated with 1 or 5 minutes of retinal ischemia-reperfusion (P<0.05).Retinal IL-1β was significantly increased at 6 hours after reperfusion in the eyes treated with 1 or 5 minutes ischemia over the control eyes (P<0.05), but retinal TNFα was not significantly increased (P>0.05 ). Conclusion Transient retinal ischemia-reperfusion for only 1 or 5 minutes of ischemia can induce the upregulation of retinal IL-1β and apoptosis of retinal neuronal cells.This kind of apoptosis in individual cells, however, was not sufficient to affect the whole retinal function.     

Persistent Subretinal Fluid after Successful Scleral Buckle Surgery for Macula-off Retinal Detachment

Background  After successful scleral buckle and cryotherapy for macular-off retinal detachment (RD), some patients have poor visual acuity without any clinically detected macular change, and the unsatisfactory postoperative visual acuity is difficult to explain. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of subretinal fluid (SRF) after successful scleral buckle surgery for macula-off RD.

Methods  Twenty-eight eyes from 28 patients were included in this study. The patients underwent scleral buckle surgery combined with cryopexy for macular-off RD. After surgery, all eyes underwent thorough ophthalmologic examinations including slit-lamp biomicroscopy, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) test, and binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy. The BCVA prior to the operation, duration of RD, the duration of postoperative retinal reattachment, BCVA when SRF was observed, period required for the SRF to become undetectable, and the BCVA at the final follow-up were included in the clinical data for this study. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and B-ultrasonography were used to confirm SRF, and fluorescein angiography (FFA) was carried out in several patients. BCVA when SRF was observed and BCVA at the final follow-up were evaluated using a paired t test. Correlations between BCVA before the operation and duration of RD and BCVA at the final follow-up were analyzed using the Pearson correlation test. The type of SRF under OCT and BCVA at the final follow-up were compared using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Results  Postoperative retinal reattachment was achieved in 1.0–7.0 days (average, (2.7±2.1) days). After retinal reattachment, SRF was detected in all eyes by OCT 2 weeks postoperative, while B ultrasonography found no changes. The mean logMAR BCVA was 0.35±0.27 at the time of the detection of SRF. The period for SRF to become undetectable ranged from 2.0 to 11.0 months (average, (6.3±2.3) months). The time of follow-up ranged from 24.0 to 36.0 months (average, (28.9±3.4) months). The mean logMAR BCVA improved to 0.30±0.23 at the final follow-up, which was significantly different from the mean logMAR BCVA at the time of SRF detection (paired t-test, t=3.82, P <0.05). Postoperative OCT images were classified into three categories. FFA was carried out in 10 eyes and revealed no leakage or strain in the lesions. BCVA before the operation was significantly correlated with BCVA at the final follow-up (r=0.56, P <0.05). No significant correlation was observed between BCVA at the final follow-up and duration of RD (r=0.23, P=0.22). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed no significant difference between the type of SRF under OCT and BCVA at the final follow-up (F=0.21, P=0.81).

Conclusions  The presence of persistent SRF after successful scleral buckle surgery for macular-off rhegmatogenous RD may influence the BCVA or anatomic attachment. SRF was detected in all eyes by OCT at 2 weeks after the operation. Residual detachment persisted for almost a year after surgery in certain patients. Fluorescein angiography revealed no leakage or strain in the lesions.

     

Clinicopathologic study of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma of the salivary gland

Objective　To study the histopathologic features and pathogenesis of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALT-oma) of salivary glands. Methods　Clinical data, paraffin-embedded sections, immunohistochemical slides (SP method) and electron microscopic features of surgical specimens of 32 cases of salivary gland MALT-oma were studied. Results　The patients were 27 males and 5 females, with a mean age of 54.76 years. The lesions were located in the parotid area in 17 cases, and in the submandibular gland in the remaining 15 cases. Much of the MALT-oma was replaced by infiltration of a great amount of centrocyte-like cells (CCL) as background and occasional large cells (centroblast- or immunoblast-like). In MALT-omas “lymphoepithelial lesions' were present. Immunohistochemically, CD20 expression was found to be positive and CD45RO expression was negative in all MALT-omas. Conclusion　Most of the MALT-omas are low grade malignant tumors and have a “homing back' phenomenon. The cases were managed by surgery and chemotherapy. In a few MALT- omas which turned into high grade malignant tumors, the prognosis was poor. Acquired MALT may develop as a reaction to autoimmune disease and infection. Hyper-immune reaction and MALT hyperplasia under stimulation may result in myoepithelial sialadenitis and lead to MALT-oma of the salivary gland.     

Retroperitoneoscopic renal pedicle lymphatic disconnection for chyluria

Objective To report our experiences in retroperitonescopic renal pedicle lymphatic stripping for chyluria.Methods Six cases of filarial chyluria were admitted to our hospital from November 2001 to June 2002. Of these cases, 4 were men and 2 women, with age ranging from 34 to 52 years (mean, 42 years) . Diagnosis was made by using urine test for the presence of chyle and fat globule, cystoscopy, excretory urogram and retrograde pyelography. Chyluria was found on the left renal unit in 2 cases and on the right side in 4 cases. The technique of retroperitoneoscopic management of chyluria consisted of nephrolympholysis, hilar vessel stripping and ureterolympholysis.Results Operative time ranged from 69 to 120 minutes (mean, 95 minutes). Intraoperative blood loss was 50 -180 ml (mean, 85 ml). Chyluria disappeared in all patients immediately after operation. Mild hematuria occurred in 4 cases within 12 hours and disappeared at 24 hours. Subcutaneous emphysema around the lesions was found in 2 cases and was sp     

The effect of transient balloon occlusion of the mitral valve on left atrial appendage blood flow velocity and spontaneous echo contrast: a comparison in sinus rhythm and atrial fibrillation patients

Objective To investigate the relationship between spontaneous echo contrast (SEC) and left atrial appendage (LAA) blood flow velocity using transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) during percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy (PBMV) in patients with atrial fibrillation and sinus rhythm.Methods Thirty-five patients （21 in sinus rhythm and 14 in atrial fibrillation ） with rheumatic mitral stenosis underwent PBMV with intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography monitoring. We measured LAA blood flow velocities and observed the left atrium for various grades of SEC (from 0=none to 4=severe), before and after each balloon inflation. Results Left atrial appendage maximal emptying velocity (LAA MEV) was reduced from 35±14 cm/s to 6±2 cm/s at peak balloon inflation and increased to 40±16 cm/s after balloon deflation. Comparison of the values before balloon inflation and after balloon deflation showed that LAA velocities were significantly lower (P&lt;0.001).During balloon inflation, both maximal emptying velocity (MEV) and maximal filling velocity (MFV) were significantly decreased, compared to those before inflation and after balloon deflation (P&lt;0.01).And both MEV and MFV were significantly higher after balloon deflation relative to those before balloon inflation. Patients with atrial fibrillation had significantly lower MEV and MFV before and during balloon inflation and after balloon deflation than patients with sinus rhythm.At peak balloon inflation, new or increased SEC grades were observed during 54 of 61 (88%) inflations and unchanged during 7 (12%) inflations.SEC grades were reduced after 55 balloon deflations (90%), completely disappeared after 18 deflations (30%) and remained unchanged after 6 deflations (10%). At peak balloon inflation,left atrium spontaneous echo contrast (LASEC) grade 4 was observed during 14 of 27 (93%) inflations in the atrial fibrillation patients, significantly higher than in patients with sinus rhythm (8 of 34, 24%; P&lt;0.05). LASEC completely disappeared after 16 of 34 deflations (47%) in the patients with sinus rhythm, significantly higher than in the atrial fibrillation patients (2 of 27 deflations; P&lt;0.01). The mean time to achieve maximal SEC grade (2.5±1.2 s) correlated with the mean time to trough LAA velocities (2.3±1.1 s ) after balloon inflation. Both the time to lowest LAA velocity and the time to highest LASEC were significantly longer in the patients with sinus rhythm than in the atrial fibrillation patients (2.6±1.1 s vs 1.7±1.0 s, P&lt;0.05 and 2.8±1.4 s vs 1.9±1.3 s, P&lt;0.05, respectively).Upon deflation, the mean time to lowest SEC grade (2.9±1.8 s) correlated with the mean time to achieve maximal LAA velocities (2.7±1.6 s).Both intervals are significantly shorter in the patients with sinus rhythm than in the atrial fibrillation patients (2.0±1.6 s vs 3.5±1.5 s, P&lt;0.01 and 2.2±1.7 s vs 3.6±1.6 s, P&lt;0.05). Conclusion Reducing the blood flow velocity in the human left atrium by balloon occlusion of the mitral valve may enhance SEC, whereas restoring blood flow after balloon deflation would cause enhanced echogenic blood to disappear or decrease in both groups of patients.Patients with atrial fibrillation demonstrate more severe blood stagnation of the left atrial body and appendage during transient balloon inflation at mitral valve orifice and slower recovery from the stagnation, decreasing to a lesser extent after balloon deflation, when compared to patients with sinus rhythm.     

Mannitolum infusion on cirrhotic patients with tense ascites treated by paracentesis

Objective To investigate whether albumin can be substituted by mannitolum in cirrhotic patients with tense ascites treated by paracentesis. Methods Sixty-eight patients admitted to this therapeutic procedure were randomly assigned to receive intravenous albumin (36 patients) and mannitolum (32 patients) infusion.In repeated large-volume paracentesis (3-6 L/day), intravenous albumin 20 g or intravenous 20% mannitolum 250 ml were added. Results In 24 and 48 hours after paracentesis the mean value of electrolytes, liver and renal functions and various indicators of systemic circulation either in Group 1 or in Group 2 cases were found without changes ( P &gt;0.05).As compared with that before paracentesis, the diameter of spleen vein was increased significantly ( P &lt;0.05). The complications occurring after paracentesis were similar in both groups. Conclusions It was suggested that paracentesis with intravenous infusion of mannitolum is an effective and safe method in treating cirrhotic patients with tense ascites.     

Therapeutic strategy in the management of stage Ⅱ-Ⅳ epithelial ovarian carcinoma

Objective To investigate the optimal time of debulking in stage Ⅱ to stage Ⅳ epithelial ovarian carcinoma, considering corresponding advantages of both surgery and chemotherapy. Methods From January 1989 to December 1996, ninety-five stage Ⅱ to stage Ⅳ ovarian cancer patients were treated under two different regimens. Group A-76 cases (2 cases in Ⅱ(a)stage, 4 cases in Ⅱ(b)stage, 6 cases in Ⅱ(c)stage, 58 cases in Ⅲ(c)stage and 7 cases in Ⅳ stage) was managed according to a traditional surgery-chemotherapy regimen; and group B-19 cases (17 cases in Ⅲ(c) stage and 2 cases in Ⅳ stage) was managed with a chemotherapy-surgery-chemotherapy regimen.Results The optimal debulking rate (no macroscopic residual or residual &lt;2 cm) in group A was significantly lower than in group B, being 32.9% (25/76) and 68.4% (13/19), respectively (P&lt;0.001). The average survival time of those with a residual focus &gt;2 cm was shorter than those with a residual focus &lt;2 cm, in both groups. Sixteen out of the 51 patients with a residual focus &gt;2 cm had a second debulking operation, among whom 7 had preoperative chemotherapy. All of these 7 patients had either no residuals or residual &lt;2 !cm. In 9 cases without preoperative chemotherapy, the residuals were all &gt;2 cm. The average survival time among these two groups were significantly different (P&lt;0.01). Conclusion (1) For those patients in whom optimal debulking was clinically assessed to be possible, timely operation is mandatory. (2) For those inoperable advanced cases, chemo-therapy-surgery-chemotherapy regimen is recommended. (3) For those with residuals &gt;2 cm and were assessed to be difficult to eradicate during second-look operation, multi-route chemotherapy (intro-arterial, intraperitoneal, and systematic) should be given before going on the second debulking operation. Positive attitude and proper regimen would offer better results. (4) A multicenter prospective study would give more decisive conclusion.     

内界膜剥除联合空气填充治疗中大直径特发性黄斑裂孔的临床观察

目的:观察内界膜剥除联合空气填充治疗直径在250~600 μm之间的特发性黄斑裂孔（IMH）临床疗效。方法:临床确诊为IMH并经过OCT测量黄斑裂孔最小直径在250~600 μm之间的患者45例45只眼纳入研究,按照黄斑裂孔直径并将其分为中直径（250~400 μm）裂孔组（M组）25例及大直径（401~600 μm）裂孔组（L组）20例。两组患者术前均行眼压,裂隙灯显微镜,眼轴测量,双目间接检眼镜及OCT测量黄斑裂孔直径,观察术后两组黄斑孔闭合及BCVA情况。结果:手术后随访时间1～24个月,其平均随访时间为（12.5±6.1）个月。（1）黄斑裂孔闭合率M组与L组分别为100%和95%,差异无统计学意义（t=3.265,P=0.066）。（2）M、L组患眼平均logMAR BCVA分别为0.33±0.27、1.18±0.34。与手术前平均logMAR BCVA比较,M组患眼logMAR BCVA差异有统计学意义（t=2.786,P=0.016）;（3）L组患眼术前术后logMAR BCVA差异无统计学意义（t=1.786,P=0.124）。结论:剥除内界膜联合空气填充治疗直径在250~600 μm之间IMH闭合率高,对于250~400 μm之间IMH患者术后视力改善明显;对于401~600 μm之间的IMH,患者术后视力改善效果不理想。     

特发性黄斑裂孔手术前后的视功能变化分析

目的观察特发性黄斑裂孔（IMH）患者手术前后的视力（VA）、多焦视网膜电图（mfERG）一阶反应的变化特征及其与形态学的关系,评估黄斑裂孔手术疗效。方法收集2005年11月至2008年3月在我院行玻璃体切割术治疗IMH的患者18例（18只眼）,术后随访一年。分别在手术前和手术后1、3、6及12个月时,对患者行VA、mfERG及光相干断层扫描（OCT）检查,并与正常对照组（25只眼）进行比较,对结果进行统计分析。结果（1）18只IMH眼术后一个月经OCT证实有17只眼（占94.44%）黄斑裂孔完全闭合,1年内无复发,1只眼（占5.56%）一年内黄斑裂孔始终未闭合。（2）术后一年VA较术前明显提高（P〈0.01）,其中视力进步15只眼（占83.33%）;视力不变2只眼（占11.11%）;视力减退1只眼（占5.56%）。VA恢复在术后6个月内最明显（。3）IMH眼术前mfERG一阶反应的1环和2环P1波反应密度明显低与正常对照组（P〈0.05）,典型三维地形图呈火山口样改变。术后一年mfERG一阶反应的1环和2环P1波反应密度不断增加,持续到一年以后,三维地形图表现为中央峰逐渐恢复。术后12个月时,1环和2环P1波反应密度较术前明显增加（P〈0.05）,但仍然低于正常对照组（P〈0.05）;而3环、4环、5环P1波反应密度始终未受明显影响（P〉0.05）;五个环的潜伏期也未受明显影响（P〉0.05）。（4）术后12个月时,患眼VA与mfERG一阶反应1环、2环的P1波反应密度之间均呈正相关关系（P〈0.05）。结论玻璃体切割术是治疗IMH的有效方法,患眼术后视功能明显提高。mfERG在视功能评估方面较VA更加客观、全面、真实,两者总体上具有一致性。     

光学相干断层扫描观察特发性黄斑裂孔患者手术前后黄斑区视网膜及脉络膜血流变化

目的 对比分析特发性黄斑裂孔（IMH）患者手术前后的视网膜及脉络膜血流变化。方法回顾性分析42例单眼IMH患者,分为患眼组、对侧眼健眼组。应用光学相干断层扫描相关技术（OCT）测量患眼视网膜外层血流面积（ORBFA）、脉络膜毛细血管层血流面积（CBFA）和黄斑中心凹下脉络膜厚度（SFCT）,比较手术前后变化。结果术前患眼组的ORBFA为（030±018）mm2,CBFA为（154±022）mm2,SFCT为（22100±6799）μm;对侧眼健眼组为ORBFA为（090±045）mm2,CBFA为（196±021）mm2,SFCT为（25044±5753）μm。ORBFA和CBFA组间比较差异有统计学意义（P<005),而SFCT两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>005)。患眼术后ORBFA：（092±017）mm2,CBFA：（191±017）mm2,SFCT：（25200±5758）μm。黄斑裂孔术后,ORBFA、CBFA、SFCT均增加,差异有统计学意义（P<005）。结论IMH患眼ORBFA和CBFA减少,手术修复后均增加,提示脉络膜循环降低可能是IMH形成的原因。     

外伤性黄斑裂孔预后临床观察

目的观察外伤性黄斑裂孔的自然病程和视力预后。方法 2007年1月-2011年1月北京同仁医院诊治的外伤性全层黄斑裂孔30例(30眼),随访6个月～4年,包括视力、彩色眼底照相和光学相干断层扫描(OCT)检查,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 30眼黄斑裂孔均由钝挫伤所致,其中28眼于外伤后即刻发生。随访过程中,3眼黄斑裂孔在外伤后3～12周自行闭合,视力提高;8眼黄斑裂孔扩大,2眼视网膜脱离,发生时间均在伤后3个月,此2眼均进行了手术治疗,手术后视力提高;2眼黄斑裂孔缩小;其余15眼黄斑裂孔大小无明显变化,视力稳定者,未做特殊处理,仍在继续观察中。结论外伤性黄斑裂孔有自行闭合可能,且发生多在伤后早期。因此对视力稳定、孔径无扩大者,可暂不手术而密切随访;外伤性黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离发生率很低,对孔径扩大、视力下降者,或者发生视网膜脱离时,手术治疗有利于黄斑裂孔的闭合和视力恢复。     

晚期糖尿病视网膜病变的玻璃体视网膜手术治疗预后

目的评价玻璃体视网膜手术治疗晚期糖尿病性视网膜病变（PDR）伴黄斑脱离的临床效果。方法回顾分析接受玻璃体视网膜手术治疗的60例6期（视网膜全脱离）PDR患者72眼的临床资料。手术方式为玻璃体切割联合或不联合晶状体摘除,术中均注入惰性气体或硅油。视网膜解剖复位的标准以黄斑复位为视网膜复位成功,黄斑未复位为复位失败。手术后行黄斑区OCT检查并随访1年。结果手术后42眼一次性视网膜复位成功,占58.33%;30眼视网膜复位失败,占41.67%。手术后视力为无光感者3眼,占4.17%,较术前增加3眼;光感者18眼,占25.00%,较术前减少24眼;手动者26眼,占36.11%,较术前增加5眼;数指/10 cm~0.1者20眼,占27.78%,较术前增加11眼;≥0.1者5眼,占6.94%,较术前增加5眼。结论晚期PDR伴黄斑区脱离的患者行玻璃体视网膜手术难度较大,术后解剖复位率较高,但视功能恢复较差。     

氩绿激光治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿的临床观察

OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical effect of argon green laser photocoagulation on diabetic macular edema. METHODS: Grid macular photocoagulation with argon green laser (lambda = 514 nm), 100-200 microns spot diameter and 0.1-0.2 s duration, was applied to 23 eyes of diabetic macular edema. Panretinal scatter photocoagulations, if needed, were carried out in the later therapy. The mean of the follow-up period was (9.3 +/- 4.1) months. Changes in macular edema and visual acuity as well were observed. RESULTS: Complete and partial resolution of macular edema occurred in 21 out of the 23 eyes and visual acuity improved or remained unchanged in 19 out of the 23 eyes. CONCLUSION: Grid macular photocoagulation with argon green laser is effective and relatively safe in the treatment of diabetic macular edema.     

特发性黄斑前膜手术前后OCT图像的临床观察

目的:通过分析特发性黄斑区视网膜前膜(idiopathic epiretinal macular membrane, IERMM)的光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography, OCT)图像特征,探讨其对手术效果评估的意义.方法:38例(38眼)黄斑前膜患者,行玻璃体切割联合黄斑前膜剥离手术,观察患者手术前后的视力、眼底彩色照相以及OCT检查的情况,并进行统计学分析.结果:术前黄斑部视网膜前膜的OCT图像表现为视网膜内表面厚薄不一的高反光带,或紧贴于黄斑表面,或与其部分相连.绝大多数黄斑中心凹厚度增加,患眼视力不同程度下降.术后视网膜表面异常反光条带均消失,即黄斑区视网膜前膜消失,黄斑中心凹曲线恢复或接近正常状态,术后视力不同程度提高.部分病例黄斑区色素上皮损害或黄斑部水肿.结论:通过OCT可以了解前膜牵拉黄斑区组织结构形态的改变关系,从而为黄斑前膜的临床鉴别诊断、手术指征评估及手术效果评价,提供比以往更加准确可靠的信息.     

多波长激光联合玻璃体腔内注射曲安奈德治疗视网膜静脉阻塞的疗效观察

目的：观察多波长激光光凝视网膜联合玻璃体腔内注射曲安奈德（TA）治疗视网膜静脉阻塞（RVO）的临床疗效。方法：45例患者中,眼底荧光血管造影（FFA）检查有明确的无灌注区（NP区）且≥5PD及（或）有视盘、视网膜、虹膜新生血管者,立即给予多波长激光光凝治疗;光学相干断层扫描（OCT）显示黄斑水肿≥450μm,或视网膜出血较多,FFA检查显示大面积遮蔽荧光者,行玻璃体腔内注射TA4mg治疗,术后定期观察视力、眼压、虹膜、瞳孔、黄斑水肿、视网膜新生血管及无灌注区情况,随访3～21个月。结果：多波长激光光凝治疗视网膜静脉阻塞患者17例（包括玻璃体腔内注射TA后随访过程中出现视盘、视网膜、虹膜新生血管者8例）,视力均有不同程度提高,黄斑水肿明显改善,NP区及视盘、视网膜、虹膜新生血管消退,血管渗漏消失;玻璃体腔内注射曲安奈德36例,视力均有不同程度提高,OCT检查视网膜厚度改变,黄斑部厚度在注药后逐渐下降,早期改变明显,黄斑部厚度2.5～3个月时接近正常并逐渐稳定,FFA检查提示血管渗漏减轻。结论：多波长激光光凝视网膜联合玻璃体腔内注射TA是治疗RVO的一种行之有效的治疗手段,部分患者可出现高眼压、黄斑水肿复发等并发症。     

玻璃体切割术联合内界膜剥离术治疗黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离的临床观察

目的探讨玻璃体切割术联合内界膜剥离术治疗黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离的临床疗效。方法采用玻璃体切割术治疗联合内界膜剥离术治疗23例黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离,观察1月、3月术前、术后黄斑区OCT检查结果情况及视力变化。结果①23例黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离患者中,OCT检查21眼黄斑裂孔已封闭,黄斑裂孔及视网膜总解剖复位率91.30%。②23例MHRD患者解剖复位的21眼中,视力改善19只眼,2眼视力无变化。结论应用玻璃体切割术联合内界膜剥离术治疗黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离术后解剖复位率高,并发症少,视力得到一定程度的改善。     

高度近视非黄斑裂孔的后极部孔源性视网膜脱离临床分析

目的:初步观察高度近视后极部视网膜脱离患者的后极部裂孔(非黄斑裂孔)的形态及相关因素,探讨玻璃体切除手术治疗的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析高度近视非黄斑裂孔的后极部孔源性视网膜脱离患者19例19眼的病例资料,观察裂孔的形态、位置、玻璃体牵拉和后巩膜葡萄肿的形态。所有病例行玻璃体切除联合裂孔周围视网膜内界膜剥除术,术中眼内激光光凝封闭裂孔,根据患者病情给予不同的辅助处理,如玻璃体腔内填充消毒空气、C3F8、硅油等,术后3～5个月行硅油取出手术。术后随访观察患者最佳矫正视力和视网膜复位情况。结果:19只眼中后极部裂孔呈裂隙状12只眼(63.2%),小马蹄形3只眼(15.8%),小圆形4只眼(21.0%)。其中<1/4 PD者10眼(52.6%),1/2～1/4 PD者7眼(36.9%),1～1/2 PD者2眼(10.5%)。裂孔位于下方血管弓旁9只眼(占47.4%),上方血管弓旁4只眼(占21.1%),视盘下方1-4个视盘直径距离5只眼(占26.3%),视盘上方2个视盘直径距离1只眼(占5.2%)。后巩膜葡萄肿18只眼(占94.7%),其中Ⅰ型(宽基底黄斑型)11只眼(占61.1%),...