Dynorphin A (1-17), Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 and substance P (1-11) levels in the brain of mice with different levels of ethanol consumption

Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 116, N ^o 8, pp. 177–178, August, 1993     

Na+/H+ countertransport and calcium exchange in peripheral blood cells of healthy subjects and patients with chronic heart failure

A comparative study is performed of Na⁺/H⁺ exchange and Ca²⁻ mobilization in erythrocytes and platelets of patients with stage I–II chronic heart failure caused by dilative cardiomyopathy and ischemic heart disease. A significant rise in the Na⁺/H⁺ exchange rate is found in the cells of chronic heart failure patients, which correlates with an elevated erythrocyte and platelet concentration of Ca²⁺ and an increased “calcium” response of platelets to inductors. The findings testify to a certain functional relationship between various cation-transporting cellular systems whose change in properties upon chronic heart failure can play an important pathogenic role. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 12, pp. 572–575, December, 1994     

Inhibition of NO-synthase causes stable pressor reaction under conditions of 10-minute infusion of angiotensin-2 to narcotized rats

Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol.116, N ^o 11, pp. 479–480, November, 1993     

Potassium and sodium ions in the nerve tissue of emotionally overstrained rabbits

Measurement of K⁺ and Na⁺ concentrations in samples of individual brain nuclei and in ganglia of the autonomic nervous system from rabbits subjected to severe emotional stress (ES) through aperiodic stimulation of ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei and electrocutaneous stimulation revealed significantly altered levels of these ions in locus ceruleus samples from animals predisposed to ES-induced cardiovascular disorders and in samples of neurons of the caudal part of the brainstem from those resistant to such disorders. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, No 8, pp. 129–131, August, 1994 Presented by K. V. Sudakov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Second messengers contribute to cholinoceptor modulation by amiridine inHelix lucorum neurons

The effect of amiridine on the local inward acetylcholine current and its volt-ampere characteristic are studied by the two-electrode method of membrane voltage clamp in identified RPa3 and LPa3helix lucorum neurons pretreated with forskolin, sodium nitroprusside, A23187, and EGTA. The results suggest that second messengers (Ca²⁺, NO, cGMP, and cAMP) are implicated in the amiridine-mediated regulation of cholinoceptors inHelix lucorum neurons. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 11, pp. 470–473, November, 1994 Presented by Yu. A. Romanov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of picrotoxin and bicuculline on desensitization of the GABA receptor/Cl− ionophore complex

A study is performed of the effect of the convulsants picrotoxin and bicuculline, blockers of GABA-dependent Cl⁻-conductivity, on the rate of desensitization of muscimol-induced³⁶Cl⁻ entry into synaptoneurosomes isolated from rat cortex. Both picrotoxin and bicuculline, despite the difference in the mechanisms of inhibition of the GABA receptor/Cl⁻ ionophore complex, markedly reduce the rate of desensitization. However, the initial moment of the action of both convulsants is characterized by inhibition of Cl⁻ transport alone, without a drop of the rate of desensitization. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 8, pp. 160–163, August, 1994     

Effect of extract from a transplant for eyelid plasty (series ALLOPLANTTM) on DNA synthesis in cultures cells

Extract isolated from a collagen-containing transplant (series ALLOPLANT^TM), which is used in the treatment of benign and malignant neoplasms of the eyelid, inhibits DNA synthesis in the cellin vitro. This effect is nonspecific, reversible, and dose-dependent. The extract is thermostable and resistant to proteolytic enzymes. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 1, pp. 75–79, January, 1994     

Effects of the nootropics piracetam and GVS-111 on voltage-dependent ion channels of neuronal membranes

The effect of two nootropics, piracetam and N-phenylacetyl-L-prolyglycine ethyl ester (GVS-111), is studied by measuring high-threshold K⁺ and Ca²⁺ currents in isolated snail neurons using a two-microelectrode patch-clamp technique. Piracetam and GVS-111 are shown to reduce the amplitude of both the K⁺ and the Ca²⁺ (to a lesser extent) current. The threshold concentrations for GVS-111 and piracetam are 10⁻⁹-10⁻⁸ M and 1–5×10⁻⁴ M, respectively. It is assumed that the antiamnestic effect of the nootropics is partially mediated by a blockade of ion channels of the neuronal membrane. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 2, pp. 151–155, February, 1996 Presented by G. N. Kryzhanovskii, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Chronobiological characteristics of the activity of the cellular genetic apparatus in surviving sections of rat brain

Diurnal variation of the incorporation of labeled precursors of RNA and proteins into spinal, stem, and cortical populations from the nervous system of rats is studied on surviving sections of the brain. It is shown that in the absence of an effect of other parts of the nervous system, afferentation, and humoral factors isolated nerve cell populations preserve the diurnal rhythm of activity of the genetic apparatus that correlates with the motor activity and the light reception (light-dark cycle) of animals. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 6, pp. 645–647, June, 1994     

Mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ induced by ADP and thrombin in platelets from diabetic patients with vascular complications

It is shown that the baseline level of cytoplasmic Ca²⁺ in platelets from diabetic patients is nearly 1.5 times as high as in healthy donors. The thrombin-induced increase of intracellular Ca²⁺ in patients with angiopathies is reliably lower than in the control, while in patients without angiopathies it is higher than that in donor platelets. The evevation of cytoplasmic Ca²⁺ induced by ADP is greater in both groups of patients. No Changes are found in the baseline level of intracellular Ca²⁺ or in the ADP-induced concentration of Ca²⁺ in platelets from diabetic patients during a 12-week course of insulin therapy. The intracellular Ca²⁺ does not rise after 2 weeks of insulin treatment in platelets from diabetic patients. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 1, pp. 112–115, January, 1996     

Effect of human defensins on the cytoplasmic Ca2+ content in platelets

The effect of the total fraction of human defensins (HNP-1, HNP-2, and HNP-3) on the cytoplasmic Ca²⁺ content ([Ca²⁺]_i) in the platelets of healthy donors was studied. At concentrations of 0.1–40 μg/ml and an incubation time of 10 min defensins have no effect on [Ca²⁺]_i in platelets labeled with Fura-2AM. However, at higher concentrations (100 μg/ml) they increased platelet [Ca²⁺]_i. In addition, defensins (40 μg/ml) inhibited the Ca²⁺ increase in platelets induced by thrombin, adenosine diphosphate, and the lipopolysaccharide ofS. typhimurium endotoxin. The most pronounced inhibitory effect was observed in a suspension of thrombin-stimulated platelets. It is shown that the effect of human defensins on the functional activity of platelets is due to the alterations in the intracellular Ca²⁺. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 12, pp. 600–603, December, 1994     

Ca2+ transport of the skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum during readaptation of rats after a 40-day load relief on the hind paws

The rate of Ca²⁺ accumulation in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of the skeletal muscle (m. gastrocnemius lateralis, m. vastus medialis, andm. soleus) is studied in rats under conditions of functional off-loading of the hind paws (suspending animals by the tail). The rate of Ca²⁺ transport in the sarcoplasmic reticulum is shown to be stepped up in all these muscles. In the sarcoplasmic reticulum ofm. gastrocnemius lateralis andm. vastus medialis the Ca²⁺ transport rate reliably drops, which does not occur inm. soleus. During a 2-week period of readaptation of animals suspended for 40 days, the Ca²⁺-transporting function of them. soleus sarcoplasmic reticulum gradually recovers to reach the control values, whereas the time course of recovery of Ca²⁺-pump activity in the sarcoplasmic reticulum ofm. gastrocnemius lateralis andm. vastus medialis has a phasic pattern. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsity, Vol. 118, N ^o 12, pp. 591–595, December, 1994 Presented by A. I. Grigor'ev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Inhibition of cataractogenesis in congenitally cataractous mice (cat fraser strain) by an antioxidant from the group of sterically hindered phenols

The phenolic antioxidant catavidan, used to treat heterozygous male Cat fraser mice for 4 months starting from the age of 2 months, inhibited cataract development in these mice significantly (Z=0.063 using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test) after 2 months of treatment. However, the differences between the treated and control (untreated) mice became less marked toward the end of the third month and disappeared by the end of the fourth. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 9, pp. 256–258, September, 1994 Presented by I. P. Ashmarin. Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences)     

Effects of some steroid hormones on Ca2+ transport and oxidative metabolism of isolated mitochondria

Effects of prednisolone, estradiol, and testosterone on the transport of Ca²⁺ and the respiration induced by it in the heart and liver mitochondria of rats were studied. Prednisolone and testosterone were found to reduce the Ca-accumulating capacity of the mitochondria, the rates of ion entry and exit, and the rate of Ca²⁺-induced respiration. Estradiol, while inhibiting Ca²⁺ transport across mitochondrial membrane, did not influence the respiration in the phase of Ca²⁺ absorption, but accelerated it in the phase of ion exit. These data suggest that due to their lipophilic properties, the steroids become incorporated in the mitochondrial membrane, thereby changing its viscosity and permeability and limiting the mobility of transmitter proteins. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 12, pp. 616–618, December, 1994     

Impact of 13(S)-HPODE,a lipoxygenase product of linoleic acid,on calcium transport and Na,K-ATPase activity in the myocardial sarcolemma

In thisin vitro study using a purified sarcolemmic fraction of guinea pig myocardium, the 13(S)-hydroperoxide of linoleic acid (13-HPODE) increased in a dose-dependent manner the permeability of myocardial sarcolemma to Ca ions in concentrations above 10 μmol/liter, stimulated Na/Ca exchange there in concentrations from 0.1 to 10 μmol/liter, and exerted a digitalis-like action on sarcolemmic Na,K-ATPase in concentrations between 0.1 and 100 μmol/liter (IC₅₀=20 μmol/liter). The results indicate that the linoleic acid hydroperoxide may be an effective modulator of sarcolemmic Ca²⁺ transport and of membrane-bound enzymes. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 9, pp. 255–257, September, 1995 Presented by D. F. Chebotarev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Involvement of opioid receptors in the production of nonspecific protective responses

Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 116, N ^o 10, pp. 381–384, October, 1993     

Morphological characteristics of the brain in 20–21-day-old rat embryos and in 1–5-day-old rats

Translated fromByulleten' Experimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 116, N ^o 12, pp. 641–642, December, 1993     

Effect of 3-orthocresylphosphate on the toxicity of GABA-lytics for mice

Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 116, N ^o 10, pp. 396–397, October, 1993     

Experimental model of depletion of the blood kallikrein-kinin systems

Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 116, N ^o 10, pp. 343–344, October, 1993     

Relationships between catecholamine levels in the salivary glands,oral mucosa,and saliva of rats with experimental staphylococcal sialadenitis

Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 116, N ^o 7, pp. 38–40, July, 1993.