硫酸氢氯吡格雷位置异构体的合成

3-噻吩甲醛与硝基甲烷经缩合、KBH_4 还原、与甲醛缩合、环合得到4,5,6,7-四氢噻吩并[2,3-c]吡啶,然后与α-溴代邻氯苯乙酸甲酯反应,得到硫酸氢氯吡格雷的位置异构体α-(2-氯苯基)-4,5-二氢噻吩并[2,3-c]吡啶基-6(7H)-乙酸甲酯盐酸盐,可作为前者质量研究的参照物.     

新型的ADP受体拮抗剂——硫酸氢氯吡格雷

硫酸氢氯吡格雷片(PLAVIX,波立维),化学结构为甲基(+)-(S)-α(2-氯苯基)-6,7-二氢噻吩[3,2-c]吡啶-5(4H)-乙酸甲酯硫酸盐(1:1),是ADP诱导的血小板聚集抑制剂,它是通过直接抑制二磷酸腺苷与其受体结合以及继发ADP(二磷酸腺苷)介导的糖蛋白GPⅡb/Ⅲa复合物活化而起作用的.     

氯吡格雷硫酸氢盐的合成

(R)-邻氯扁桃酸经甲酯化、苯磺酰化得到(R)-2-苯磺酰氧基-2-(2-氯苯基)乙酸甲酯,再与4,5,6,7.四氢噻吩并-[3,2-c]吡啶盐酸盐经亲核取代反应制得氯吡格雷硫酸氢盐,总收率约83%.     

2-氧代-5,6,7,7a-四氢噻吩并[3,2-c]吡啶的合成

N-乙氧羰基-4-哌啶酮经Vilsmerier氯化甲酰化反应、在碳酸钾作用下与巯基乙酸乙酯环合制得6,7-二氧-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]吡啶-2,5-二羧酸二乙酯(4),再经肼解、叠氮化、重排及脱保护反应制得2-氨基-6,7-二氢-4H-噻吩并[3,2-c]吡啶-5-羧酸乙酯盐酸盐(8),8经重氮化、水解后再由氢氧化钾碱解、成盐,制得普拉格雷的关键中间体2-氧代-5,6,7,7a-四氢噻吩并[3,2-c]毗啶,总收率约25％.     

普拉格雷的合成

环丙基-2-氟苄基酮经氯代得到2-氯-1-环丙基-2-(2-氟苯基)乙酮,然后与5,6,7,7-四氢噻吩并[3,2-c]吡啶-2(4H)-酮对甲苯磺酸盐进行偶联反应制得5-(-环丙羰基-2-氟苄基)-2-氧代-4,5,6,7-四氢噻吩并[3,2-c]吡啶,最后经乙酰化反应制得普拉格雷,总收率46%。     

氯吡格雷合成路线图解

氯吡格雷 ( clopidogrel,1 ) ,化学名为 ( S) - α- ( 2 -氯苯基 ) - 6,7-二氢噻吩并 [3,2 - c]吡啶 - 5 ( 4 H)乙酸甲酯 ,系一种抗血小板聚集药 ,由法国山诺菲( Sanofi)公司研制 ,临床用其硫酸盐 ,商品名为Plavix。本品可抑制 ADP诱导的血小板聚集 ,作用强度和耐受性均高于同属噻吩并吡啶类衍生物噻氯匹定 ( ticlopidine) ,且副作用少。临床用于预防心肌梗塞、中风或有外周动脉疾病史患者的动脉粥样硬化。1的合成路线国外报道很多 ,以起始原料分类可归纳为两条 (图 1 ) :　　 1 )以 2 - ( 2 -噻吩基 )乙胺 ( 3)为原料 ,经与甲醛缩合并在…     

ND-50噻氯匹定盐酸盐

5-[(2-氯苯基)甲基]-4,5,6,7-四氢噻吩并[3,2-C]吡啶盐酸盐     

硫酸氢氯吡格雷杂质D的合成

目的 合成硫酸氢氯吡格雷杂质D。方法 以右旋邻氯苯甘氨酸为原料,经过氨基保护、与(R)-2-氯扁桃酸甲酯成酯、脱保护后得到(2R)-(2-氯苯基)-[(2S)-(2-氯苯基)-(2-氨基)乙酸酯基]乙酸甲酯,再与2-(2噻吩)乙醇对甲苯磺酸酯发生亲核取代反应后,经成盐、环合反应得到硫酸氢氯吡格雷杂质D。结果 设计合成杂质D路线总收率为54%,杂质D纯度在99.0%以上。结论 合成杂质D产品纯度较高,可用作硫酸氢氯吡格雷杂质研究对照品。     

国家食品药品监督管理局国家药品标准修订件-硫酸氢氯吡格雷

本品为S(+)-2-(2-氯苯基)-2-(4,5,6,7-四氢噻吩[3,2-c]并吡啶-5)乙酸甲酯硫酸盐。按干燥品计算,含C₁₆H₁₆ClNO₂S·H₂SO₄不得少于99.0%。     

(+)-氯吡格雷的合成工艺改进

目的改进抗血栓药物氯吡格雷硫酸氢盐的合成工艺。方法以(±)-邻氯苯甘氨酸为原料,经拆分、酯化,得到( )-邻氯苯甘氨酸甲酯,再与2-(2-噻吩基)乙醇对甲苯磺酸酯经SN2取代,生成α-2-噻吩乙氨基-2-氯苯基乙酸甲酯,后者在甲醛存在下环合制得( )-氯吡格雷游离碱,最后与硫酸成盐,经重结晶得目标产物氯吡格雷硫酸氢盐。结果与结论以26.9%的收率合成了目标产物,较大幅度地降低了生产成本,优化了反应条件,简化了后处理过程,适合于工业化生产。     

Identification and characterization of a principal oxidation impurity in clopidogrel drug substance and drug product

The focus of this study is identification, isolation and characterization of a principal oxidation impurity of clopidogrel which ranged from 0.05 to 0.12% using high performance liquid chromatography. This impurity is considered as principal oxidation impurity as it is observed in oxidative degradation (stress) study. Preparative HPLC with Xterra MS C18 ODB column was used to isolate the impurity. The isolated impurity was co-injected with the sample containing impurities and found the retention time match of the spiked impurities. A thorough study was undertaken to characterize this impurity and based on their spectral data (UV, MS, MSn 1H/13C, DEPT and 2D NMR) the structure was characterized as 5-[1-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl]-6,7-dihydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridin-5-ium with a molecular weight 320 amu.     

3D Pharmacophore Model-Assisted Discovery of Novel CDC7 Inhibitors

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Dihydroisochinolinumlagerung, 31. Mitt.1) 4-Allyl-5-methyl-4,5-dihydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridin+)

Dihydroisoquinoline Rearrangement, XXXI: 4-Allyl-5-methyl-4,5-dihydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine The synthesis of 4-allyl-5-methyl-4,5-dihydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine (4) is described. With 1N-HCl 4 rearranges with 23% yield to the 6-allyl compound 5. To a small extent 4 disproportionates to yield the compounds 3 and 7 .     

Synthesis and biological evaluation of 6-amino-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridin-4(5H)-one (3,7-dideazaguanine)

The synthesis of 6-amino-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridin-4(5H)-one (3,7-dideazaguanine, 2) has been accomplished from 3-(ethoxycarbonyl)pyrrole-2-acetonitrile. In contrast to 3-deazaguanine, compound 2 did not show any antitumor, antiviral, or antibacterial properties. Furthermore, it was not a substrate for hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase or purine nucleoside phosphorylase.     

A facile synthesis and anticancer activity evaluation of spiro[thiazolidinone-isatin] conjugates

The synthesis and evaluation of the anticancer activity of 3'-aryl-5'-arylidene-spiro[3H-indole-3,2'-thiazolidine]-2,4'(1H)-diones and spiro[3H-indole-3,2'-thi-azolidine]-2,4'(1H)-dione-3'-alkanoic acid esters were described. The structure of the compounds was determined by (1)H and (13)C NMR and their in vitro anticancer activity was tested in the National Cancer Institute. Among the tested compounds, (5'Z)-5'-(benzylidene)-3'-(4-chlorophenyl)spiro[3H-indole-3,2'-thia-zolidine]-2,4'(1H)-dione (IIa) and (5'Z)-3'-(4-chlorophenyl)-5'-[4-(1-methylethyl)-benzylidene]spiro[3H-indole-3,2'-thiazolidine]-2,4'(1H)-dione (IIb) were superior to other related compounds.     

Synthesis of pyrimido[5,4-c]quinolines and related quinolines as potential antimalarials.

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Fadrozole hydrochloride: a potent, selective, nonsteroidal inhibitor of aromatase for the treatment of estrogen-dependent disease.

A new class of potent, selective, nonsteroidal inhibitors of aromatase have been discovered. The most potent member of this series is fadrozole hydrochloride, CGS 16949 A, 4-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[1,5-alpha]pyridin-5-yl)benzonitrile monohydrochloride, 26a. In addition, the 6,7-dihydropyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazole (21a) and the 6,7,8,9-tetrahydroimidazo[1,5-alpha]azepine (21b) analogues were synthesized and evaluated. CGS 16949 A's ability to selectively inhibit aromatase (IC50 = 4.5 nM) over other cytochrome P-450 enzymes and suppress estrogen production when administered orally make it a suitable candidate to test the potential of an aromatase inhibitor in estrogen-dependent diseases including breast cancer.     

Interactions of two major metabolites of prasugrel, a thienopyridine antiplatelet agent, with the cytochromes P450.

The biotransformation of prasugrel to R-138727 (2-[1-2-cyclopropyl-1-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-oxoethyl]-4-mercapto-3-piperidinylidene]acetic acid) involves rapid deesterification to R-95913 (2-[2-oxo-6,7-dihydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridin-5(4H)-yl]-1-cyclopropyl-2-(2-fluorophenyl)ethanone) followed by cytochrome P450 (P450)-mediated formation of R-138727, the metabolite responsible for platelet aggregation. For identification of the P450s responsible for the formation of the active metabolite, the current studies were conducted with R-95913 as the substrate. Incubations required supplementation with reduced glutathione. Hyperbolic kinetics (K(m) 21-30 microM), consistent with a single enzyme predominating, were observed after incubations with human liver microsomes. Correlation analyses revealed a strong relationship between R-138727 formation and CYP3A-mediated midazolam 1'-hydroxylation (r(2) = 0.98; p < 0.001) in a bank of characterized human liver microsomal samples. The human lymphoblast-expressed enzymes capable of forming R-138727, in rank order of rates, were CYP3A4>CYP2B6>CYP2C19 approximately CYP2C9>CYP2D6. A monoclonal antibody to CYP2B6 and the CYP3A inhibitor ketoconazole substantially inhibited R-138727 formation, whereas inhibitors of CYP2C9 (sulfaphenazole) and CYP2C19 (omeprazole) did not. Scaling of in vitro intrinsic clearance values from expressed enzymes to the whole liver using a relative abundance approach indicated that either CYP3A4 alone or CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 are the major contributors to R-138727 formation. R-95913 and R-138727 were also examined for their ability to inhibit metabolism mediated by five P450s. R-138727 did not inhibit the P450s tested. In vitro, R-95913 inhibited CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A, with K(i) values ranging from 7.2 microM to 82 microM, but did not inhibit CYP1A2. These K(i) values exceed circulating concentrations in humans by 3.8- to 43-fold. Therefore, neither R-95913 nor R-138727 is expected to substantially inhibit the P450-mediated metabolism of coadministered drugs.     

Photochemistry of phenazopyridine hydrochloride

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