骨髓内减压与加压注药在成人 股骨头坏死中的应用

目的观察骨髓内减压与动脉脉冲加压注药对成人股骨头缺血坏死疗效的影响。方法应用ZC-Ⅰ型椎间盘切割器骨钻对82例成人股骨头缺血坏死,进行骨减压,并介入靶血管脉冲式五联药物灌注,进行联合治疗。结果通过12～48个月的随访观察,关节疼痛缓解率,关节活动改善率,头颈区新生血管、新生骨改变均有显著变化。结论该治疗方法安全可靠,疗效优于单纯介入药物灌注。     

介入治疗股骨头缺血坏死(附28例报告)

目的 评价经股动脉插管溶通术对股骨头缺血坏死的治疗效果。方法 28例经临床和血管造影证实的股骨头缺血坏死患均接受了经股动脉插管溶通术治疗。该介入治疗操作是以Seldinger技术将5Fcobra导管经股动脉超选送至内，外侧旋股动脉后，进行血管造影与溶通治疗，结果 溶通治疗后，血管造影及DSA显示，股骨头缺血坏死病变区的血管计数明显增多。伴临床症状改善见于全部病例，其中，22例（79%）的疗效尤为显。结论 经股动脉插管溶通术能明显改善股骨头血供状况，它是目前治疗股骨头缺血坏死最安全，有效，可靠的方法。     

DSA在介入治疗股骨头缺血性坏死中的应用

目的：评价ＤＳＡ对介入治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的应用价值。材料和方法：分析１８例介入治疗股骨头缺血性坏死治疗前后股外、内旋动脉数字减影血管造影表现及造影技术有关问题，着重介绍了介入治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的新方法。结果：本组资料经介入治疗后患侧血管ＤＳＡ较治疗前明显改变者占６１．１％，可见股外、内旋动脉分支增多、增粗、头上、下支明显延长至股骨头区，明显改善了血供情况，无明显并发症。术后临床症状、体征改善成正比。结论：介入治疗股骨头缺血性坏死可明显改善血液供应，减轻疼痛症状，是一种安全、简便、有效的治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的新方法，值得推广应用。     

骨髓干细胞移植结合介入疗法治疗股骨头缺血性坏死

目的观察经动脉骨髓干细胞移植联合介入治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的疗效。方法选择经临床和影像学诊断为股骨头缺血性坏死患者32例（54髋）,采用Seldinger技术穿刺股动脉插管,将导管插入患侧髂内动脉,造影观察股骨头区血供情况,随后在髂内动脉注入溶栓药物、扩血管药物、改善微循环药物及自体干细胞悬液,治疗后随访观察临床症状变化及影像学表现。结果治疗后6个月,28例髋关节疼痛、功能障碍等不适得到缓解或消失,6例行髂内动脉造影显示股骨头区供血血管增粗,分支增多;2例X线片复查坏死骨质有不同程度新骨形成及修复。结论通过髂内动脉骨髓干细胞移植联合介入疗法治疗股骨头缺血性坏死是安全、有效、简便的方法。     

脉络宁对骨内高压降压作用的实验研究

目的:探讨脉络宁对骨内高压的降压作用机制。方法:家兔一侧后肢将膝关节伸直位固定5周制成骨内压增高模型,静脉注射脉络宁2周,检测实验侧和对照侧胫骨上段骨内压变化及骨髓和全身血黏度。结果:实验侧骨内压(3.79±1.03)kPa,对照侧骨内压(2.24±0.47)kPa(P<0.01);静脉注射脉络宁后实验侧和对照侧骨内压分别为(2.43±0.43)kPa和(2.33±0.39)kPa(P>0.05)。静脉血和骨髓血黏度则无变化。结论:脉络宁可使骨内血管对血管活性物质的反应性增高,并能调节骨内血流,降低骨内压,是治疗骨内高压的理想药物。     

股骨头缺血坏死的介入治疗分析(附28例报告)

目的评价介入治疗股骨头缺血坏死的疗效，探索股骨头缺血坏死的治疗方法。方法对28例股骨头缺血坏死患者采用介入插管的方法，超选择进入到股骨头营养血管旋股内、外侧动脉和闭孔动脉，造影观察其血液供应情况后，注入溶栓药物、扩血管药物及改善微循环药物，术后再次造影观察对比股骨头供血改变情况，并于12个月-36个月摄x线片与术前x线片对比观察股骨头骨质改变情况。结果治疗前后血管造影对照显示治疗后血管增多，股骨头染色增强，12个月-36个月后平片显示骨密度增高者占97．2％．临床症状明显改善。结论通过介入方法治疗股骨头缺血坏死是一种安全有效的治疗方法，能在临床上广泛应用。     

股骨头无菌坏死的介入治疗

目的探讨股骨头无菌坏死介入治疗的临床价值。方法经临床、X线、CT或MRI检查证实的54例患者，按股骨头坏死的ARCO分期：Ⅰ期6例，Ⅱ期38例，Ⅲ期9例，Ⅳ期1例。其中有外伤史39例，长期应用激素史9例，原因不明者6例。采用Seldinger穿刺技术，将4～5F Cobra导管超选择插入旋股内、外动脉，注入溶栓、扩血管及骨营养药物。结果a)本组54例中有52例股骨头无菌坏死患者疼痛缓解或减轻，约占96．3％；髋关节活动范围均有不同程度改善。b)旋股内、外动脉经介入治疗后血管管径增粗，分支增多，显影时间缩短，骨坏死囊变区染色变浅，回流加速。C)介入治疗后54例患者随访3个月一2a，其中，Ⅰ期患者6例、Ⅱ期患者30例、Ⅲ期患者3例，在X线、CT或MRI片上显示坏死骨有不同程度吸收，伴不同程度的新骨形成。结论本组大多数病例经溶栓、扩血管及骨营养药物的联合使用，临床症状明显改善，X线、CT及MRI片见坏死骨吸收、新骨形成，说明此法对改善股骨头血液供应具有明显效果。     

股骨头缺血坏死中西药联合溶栓的介入治疗

目的:应用导管经旋股内、外侧动脉,闭孔动脉灌注治疗股骨头坏死的临床研究。方法:采用seldinger’s穿刺超选择灌注溶通术,对66例股骨头坏死患者经旋股内、外侧动脉,闭孔动脉灌注溶通药物。结果:介入治疗后66例患者临床症状明显改善,髋关节疼痛、功能障碍等得到缓解或消失。治疗后X线片示坏死骨质均有不同程度吸收,新骨形成及修复。结论:介入插管中西药物联合灌注治疗股骨头缺血坏死具有较好的临床应用价值。     

成人外伤性股骨头无菌坏死的介入治疗

目的：应用导管经旋股内，外动脉，闭孔动脉灌注治疗外伤性股骨头无菌坏死的研究，材料与方法，采用Ｓｅｌｄｉｎｇｅｒ‘ｓ穿刺超选择灌注溶通术，对３８例成人外伤性肥骨头无菌坏死患者经旋股内，外动脉，闭孔动脉灌注溶通药物，结果：介入治疗后３８例患才临床症状明显改善，髋关节疼痛，功能障碍等得到缓解或消失，治疗后Ｘ线复查坏死骨质均有不同程度的吸收，新骨形成及修复，结论：介入插管灌注溶药物法治疗成人外伤性股骨头无     

股骨头缺血性坏死的介入治疗

目的 探讨股骨头缺血性坏死介入治疗的临床效果。材料与方法 对２０例股骨头缺血性坏死病人,将溶栓药物和血管扩张药直接注入旋股内、外动脉和闭孔动脉。结果 ２０例病人在治疗后髋部疼痛及关节功能障碍均有不同程度减轻和改善。随访Ｘ线平片可见股骨头明显修复。血管造影及ＤＳＡ显示股骨头区血管数目基本达到正常。结论 通过介入治疗股骨头血性坏死,是一有在临床上广泛应用的新技术。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.