诱导化疗+辅助化疗分别联合同步调强放化疗和调强放疗在治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌患者中的疗效比较

目的 探讨诱导化疗+同步调强放化疗+辅助化疗与诱导化疗+调强放疗+辅助化疗在局部晚期鼻咽癌中的疗效。方法 选择我院2018 年1～12 月进行治疗的60 例局部晚期鼻咽癌患者纳入本研究。按照随机数字表法分为两组,每组各30 例。A 组行诱导化疗+同步调强放化疗+辅助化疗,B 组行诱导化疗+调强放疗+辅助化疗。所有患者均获得18 个月随访,比较两组临床疗效、不良反应发生情况、随访期间生存和复发转移情况。结果 观察组和对照组RR 相同,组间比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;A 组患者骨髓抑制（60.00%）、胃肠道反应发生率（50.00%）均高于B 组的骨髓抑制（33.33%）、胃肠道反应发生率（23.33%）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;A 组口腔黏膜反应发生率为43.33%、皮肤损害发生率为16.67%,B 组口腔黏膜反应发生率为40.00%、皮肤损害发生率为13.33%,组间比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。两组生存率、局部复发率、远处转移率比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 诱导化疗+同步调强放化疗+辅助化疗与诱导化疗+调强放疗+辅助化疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌疗效相似,但诱导化疗加调强放疗加辅助化疗不良反应更少。     

新辅助化疗联合腹腔镜手术治疗局部晚期宫颈癌

目的评价新辅助化疗结合腹腔镜下广泛全子宫切除、盆腔淋巴结清扫治疗局部晚期宫颈癌（FIGOⅠb2到Ⅱa期）的临床疗效。方法选取2006年9月-2009年12月在我院妇产科治疗的局部晚期宫颈癌（FIGOⅠb2到Ⅱa期）患者86例,新辅助化疗后45例行腹腔镜广泛子宫切除盆腔淋巴结清扫术,41例行经腹广泛子宫切除、盆腔淋巴结清扫术。结果新辅助化疗后总有效率为86.0%,两组间的年龄、分期、病理分级无差异,两组手术效果相当,但腹腔镜组出血少、术后病率低、住院时间短。结论新辅助化疗结合腹腔镜下广泛子宫切除术治疗局部晚期宫颈癌（FIGOⅠb2-Ⅱb期）安全可行的。     

胃原发性非霍奇金淋巴瘤的诊治分析

目的 探讨胃原发性非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)临床表现特点、诊断及治疗方式,提高对本病的认识.方法 我院2001年1月-2011年1月收治的35例确诊为胃原发性NHL进行回顾性分析患者的临床表现,诊断及治疗方法.结果 胃原发性NHL的临床表现缺乏特异性,X线误诊率高,35例患者均行胃镜或X线造影仅16例确诊,诊断率仅45.7％. 16例根治术+化疗或放疗5年生存率达93％,姑息性手术+化疗或放疗5年生存率为75％.结论 熟悉胃原发性NHL的临床特点,通过X线检查、内窥镜多次多处取点检查,提高对本病的认识,降低误诊率.采用以手术为主,术后辅助化疗和/或放疗的综合性治疗可提高患者生存率.了解影响本病预后的因素与临床病理分期及治疗方法.     

Intervention in elder abuse: a swift blade, or a dull-edged saw?

In spite of a geriatric team's offer to intervene in what was perceived to be a case of psychologic and financial abuse, an elderly patient who was being discharged from hospital chose to remain in her home. Frustration and concern about the victim prompted medical student Kim Curtin to write this essay that considers the issues of judgement, beneficence and medical intervention.     

临床护理路径在胃癌新辅助化疗患者中的应用

目的探讨在胃癌术前行新辅助化疗患者中实施临床护理路径的可行性及效果。方法将2008年1月～2011年9月60例胃癌术前行新辅助化疗的患者随机分为试验组和对照组各30例。试验组应用临床护理路径管理,对照组按照常规工作模式管理,比较两组患者的平均住院天数、住院费用、健康知识掌握情况及满意度。结果试验组患者的平均住院天数、平均住院费用较对照组少(P<0.05),健康知识掌握情况及满意度较对照组高(P<0.05)。结论对胃癌术前行新辅助化疗的患者实施临床护理路径管理,可缩短平均住院日,降低费用,增强患者对健康知识掌握情况及患者对护理的满意度。     

局部晚期胃癌术后辅助腹腔化疗的临床观察

目的探讨局部晚期胃癌术后辅助腹腔化疗的疗效和不良反应。方法采用对比研究方法,对我院2006年1月至2009年12月200例局部晚期胃癌术后患者随机分为腹腔灌注化疗联合静脉化疗组（治疗组n=87）和单纯静脉化疗组（对照组n=113）,观察两组的生存时间和化疗的毒副反应。结果两组随访,腹腔化疗联合静脉化疗组中位生存时间分别为28.00个月,单纯静脉化疗组中位生存时间为11.24个月,局部晚期胃癌术后加用腹腔化疗组较单纯静脉化疗组延长了生存时间,不良反应无显著差异。结论局部晚期胃癌术后静脉联合腹腔化疗,较单纯静脉化疗,延长生存时间,疗效较好,且耐受性较好。     

非现金支付下门诊化疗安全模式的应用与体会

目的 通过启用基于信息化手段支持并考虑患者安全及满意度的门诊化疗模式来有效释放病房及日间医疗部的医疗资源,解决患者留院时间长、入院手续繁琐等问题,在保证安全及患者满意度的前提下,将住院病房及日间医疗病房的化疗患者逐渐转至门诊,以进一步调节有限的住院床位资源,从而满足更多手术及疑难危重患者的住院需求,最终形成"大手术在病房、小手术至日间、微手术到门诊"的格局,进而探讨建立安全的门诊化疗模式对提高医院服务的效率,优化医疗资源供给,强化三级综合性医院服务定位的重要意义。 方法 本文通过将住院病房及日间医疗病房的化疗患者逐渐转至门诊的举措,从治疗总费用、留院时间、医疗资源成本及患者满意度等四个维度对门诊化疗的效果及意义进行分析。 结果 门诊化疗模式的开展,可以缩短患者留院时间,减少患者医疗费用,提高患者满意度,有助于提高医院服务效率、优化医疗资源供给,有利于强化三级综合性医院的医疗服务定位。 结论 门诊化疗既能为患者提供安全舒适、方便快捷、经济的治疗,又能节约有限的医疗资源,降低治疗成本,是一种值得被广泛推广的医疗模式,对提高医院服务的效率,优化医疗资源供给,强化三级综合性医院服务定位具有一定的意义。      

浅析医院内“弃儿”现象与对策

医院内的“弃儿”现象系指患儿亲生父母长期将病残儿滞留在医院,不愿承担医药费用且擅自与治疗病儿的医院失去联系的行为。这种现象既有与社会上“弃儿”相同的因素,也有其特殊因素。此现象虽为数不多,但从医疗改革和社会改革发展的总趋势来看,应提请政府有关部门和社会各界的高度重视和关注,并提供可行的对策,制定出相应的法律、法规,以维护医院的正常医疗工作秩序和合法的经济利益,使我国的儿童医疗保障制度不断改进和完善。     

XELOX方案新辅助化疗联合术后辅助放化疗治疗局部进展期胃癌的临床研究

目的观察分析XELOX方案新辅助化疗联合术后辅助放化疗治疗局部进展期胃癌的临床效果。方法选取2009年-2012年在我院进行治疗的100例局部进展期胃癌患者进行临床研究。结果术后进行放化疗辅助治疗的观察组患者的临床效果明显好于对照组,存在显著差异（P〈0.05）,观察组患者不良反应发生较多,与对照组比较差异显著（P〈0.05）。结论局部进展期胃癌应用XELOX方案新辅助化疗联合术后辅助放化疗治疗有着明显的临床效果,值得临床推广。     

GC与MVAC新辅助化疗方案治疗局部转移性膀胱癌患者的效果比较

目的:比较GC(吉西他滨+顺铂)与MVAC(长春花碱+氨甲蝶呤+多柔比星+顺铂)辅助化疗方案治疗局部转移性膀胱癌患者的效果。方法:回顾性分析2015年4月至2017年4月该院收治的120例局部晚期膀胱癌患者的临床资料,按治疗方法不同分为对照组和研究组各60例。对照组采用MVAC辅助化疗方案治疗,研究组采用GC辅助化疗方案治疗,比较两组化疗前后肿瘤直径、复发率、无瘤生存期和不良反应发生率。结果:化疗后,研究组肿瘤直径小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组复发率低于对照组,无瘤生存期长于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组不良反应发生率为30.00%(18/60),低于对照组的51.67%(31/60),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:GC辅助化疗方案治疗局部转移性膀胱癌患者可缩小肿瘤直径,降低复发率和不良反应发生率,以及延长无瘤生存期,其效果优于MVAC辅助化疗方案。     

Prognostic factors after potentially curative resection in stage II or III colon cancer

It is important to identify factors that are predictive of outcome after a curative resection in colon cancer in order to optimize adjuvant therapy. To investigate these prognostic factors we conducted a retrospective analysis of our clinicopathological data. A total of 190 patients with a pathological stage II or III colon cancer underwent potentially curative resection with lymphadenectomy at our hospital between 1990 and 1998. These patients received no preoperative chemotherapy, immunotherapy or radiotherapy. Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy using oral fluoropyrimidines was performed in 127 patients, and the other 63 patients underwent surgery alone. Univariate and multivariate analyses for prognostic factors were carried out. The univariate analysis revealed that invasion to adjacent organs, N1-2, positive mesenteric lymph node metastasis (MLN+), lymphatic permeation (ly)1-3, venous invasion (v)1-3, and v2-3 were each significant factors indicating worse disease-free survival, and that N1-2, MLN+, ly1-3, v1-3 and v2-3 were each significant factors for worse overall survival. In the multivariate analysis, MLN+ and vl-3 were significant factors for worse disease-free survival, and for worse overall survival. In conclusion, stage II or III colon cancer patients positive for mesenteric lymph node metastasis or for venous invasion have a greater risk of recurrence and death after potentially curative resection. Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy using oral fluoropyrimidines did not significantly reduce the risk of recurrence and death in these patients. More effective adjuvant chemotherapy than oral fluoropyrimidine should be considered, especially in such high-risk patients.     

卵巢癌脑转移的诊治

目的探讨卵巢癌脑转移的诊断及治疗方法。方法回顾性分析我院2008年1月-2011年8月收治的6例卵巢癌脑转移患者的临床资料,并对相关文献进行复习。结果 6例诊断时中位年龄58.5岁,均已绝经,入院时血CA125均升高,治疗后均下降;4例病情复发时伴CA125升高。依据为影像学检查发现脑转移灶。患者均接受手术及术后以铂类为基础的联合化疗,其中3例进行了放射治疗,1例行开颅手术。4例仍接受化疗,2例死亡。结论卵巢癌脑转移预后差,手术辅以铂类为基础的联合化疗及放疗是主要治疗方法 ;预后与临床期别、肿瘤分化程度及对铂类化疗药物敏感程度有关,血清CA125可用于治疗后的监测随访。     

结直肠癌奥沙利铂、5-Fu耐药的临床相关性研究

目的对结直肠癌根治术后接受奥沙利铂（LOHP）、5-Fu辅助化疗患者的耐药性进行评价。方法对在我院接受LOHP方案辅助化疗的150例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。包括两种化疗方案：LOHP联合持续灌注5氟尿嘧啶（5-Fu）和亚叶酸钙（CF）的两周方案（A组）、LOHP联合快速输注5-Fu和CF的3周方案。结果 A组治疗总有效率为43.9%,B组治疗总有效率为35.29%,两组比较有差异;两组均有一定的毒副反应,两组比较无差异。结论科学合理配伍使用奥沙利铂和5-Fu能有效拮抗辅助化疗的耐药性,延长结直肠癌患者寿命。     

Hostile interaction in a general hospital ward leading to disturbed behaviour and bulimia in anorexia nervosa: its successful management

A girl of 17 years with severe anorexia nervosa, treated on a medical ward in a teaching hospital, developed bulimia, stole food, was sometimes doubly incontinent, behaved angrily, and aroused the hostility of patients and staff. The growth of a vicious circle of hostility is described and it was hypothesized that the hostility had aggravated the bulimia. On the basis of this hypothesis the situation was clarified with the patient and staff, attitudes changed, the patient's appetite dropped within a day from about six times to one-and-a-half times the normal and her behaviour became normal. The significance of these events is briefly discussed.     

腋窝淋巴结切检数目对腋窝淋巴结阳性乳腺癌预后的影响

目的腋窝淋巴结阳性数目是影响乳腺癌预后最重要的因子之一,而切除的淋巴结数目（1ymph nodes number,LNN）可能影响淋巴结阳性数目。故探讨评价LNN对淋巴结阳性乳腺癌预后的影响。方法根据LNN不同,将行全乳切除和腋窝淋巴结清扫手术的腋窝淋巴结阳性乳腺癌449例分为：A组（LNN〈10）123例,B组（LNN≥10）326例。比较2组临床病理特征,分别使用Kaplan-Meier法和Cox风险模型对患者的无病生存（disease-freesurvival,DFS）进行单因素和多因素生存分析。结果A组的pNl、高淋巴结阳性比例和辅助放疗的比例明显高于B组。平均随访：A组43．59个月,B组41．34个月,有可比性。单因素分析显示：pN分期、LNN、淋巴结阳性比例、HER-2、辅助化疗方案和辅助放疗是影响DFS的因素。多因素分析显示：pN分期、LNN、淋巴结阳性比例、辅助化疗方案和辅助放疗是影响DFS的因素。分层分析显示：在A组中,使用含紫杉类化疗方案和进行辅助放疗的DFS明显优于不使用含紫杉类化疗方案和不进行辅助放疗的DFS,而2种辅助治疗方案对B组的DFS无明显影响。结论LNN的减少可能影响淋巴结阳性患者的病情判断和治疗选择。LNN是预测腋窝淋巴结阳性乳腺癌患者DFS的一个经济、有效因子。使用含紫杉类化疗方案和进行辅助放疗可弥补LNN不足对DFS的不良影响。     

肺癌化疗不良反应的经济学研究

目的 分析肺癌患者住院化疗直接卫生成本和药物不良反应(ADRs)直接卫生成本的构成.方法 对236例病史资料完整的肺癌患者,按照不同治疗目的分析住院化疗的直接卫生成本,以及不同严重程度血液系统和胃肠道ADRs的处理成本.结果 236例肺癌患者每次住院化疗人均直接卫生成本(16 461.89±8 284.78)元,其中化疗期间药物成本(13 648.16±906.52)元.0～Ⅳ度骨髓抑制ADRs的处理成本分别占化疗直接卫生成本的1.93％、8.43％、18.37％、40.09％和46.62％,发生严重骨髓抑制(Ⅲ～Ⅳ度)组与未发生严重骨髓抑制(0～Ⅱ度)组的ADRs直接卫生成本和化疗直接卫生成本比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).0-Ⅳ度胃肠道ADRs直接卫生成本分别占化疗直接卫生成本的3.48％、3.28％、4.63％、5.85％和9.92％,出现严重胃肠道反应(Ⅲ～Ⅳ度)组与未出现严重胃肠道反应(0～Ⅱ度)组的ADRs直接卫生成本和化疗直接卫生成本比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 药物费用是肺癌患者化疗期间的主要费用.骨髓抑制越严重,化疗的直接卫生成本越高;而胃肠道ADRs对化疗直接卫生成本的影响较小.     

乳腺癌术后辅助化疗开始时间与预后相关性研究

目的研究乳腺癌术后开始化疗的时间与预后的相关性,探索更适当的开始辅助化疗时机。方法回顾性分析接受辅助化疗的303例I-III期乳腺癌患者,分析其无病生存期（DFS）和总生存期（OS）。以手术后开始第1个周期化疗时间为起点时间,按起点时间不同方法分析,阶段时间为界：1～14d化疗组（1组）;15～21d化疗组（2组）;22～28d化疗组（3组）;29～35d化疗组（4组）;≥36d化疗组（5组）。结果无病生存期,在各组中无病生存期整体比较有差别（P=0.024）。各组的5年无病生存期分别为76.0%,85.2%,86.7%,63.8%,64.9%。总生存期整体比较无统计学意义。独立的预后因素中,年龄、肿瘤的大小、腋淋巴结转移数目、化疗药物四个自变量与无病生存相关;X2=11.316,P=0.023。结论乳腺癌术后需要接受术后辅助化疗的患者,术后在≤28d开始辅助化疗有益于无病生存期延长。术后辅助化疗最佳区间22～28d。其中年龄、肿瘤的大小、腋淋巴结转移数目、化疗药物四个自变量与病生存相关。     

Ⅰ期肺腺癌术后辅助化疗的临床研究

目的：探讨Ⅰ期肺腺癌患者术后辅助化疗的预后。方法：选择在我院收治手术切除Ⅰa＋Ⅰb期肺腺癌患者160例,分为单纯手术组和术后化疗组,并对这两组的治疗效果进行比较。结果：160例Ⅰ期肺腺癌患者中,Ⅰa期单纯手术组1、3、5年生存率分别为96.25%、87.50%、78.75%,术后辅助化疗组为98.75%、93.75%、86.25%;Ⅰb期单纯手术组1、3、5年生存率分别为85.00%、66.25%、58.75%,术后化疗组为95.00%、77.50%、68.75%。Ⅰa、Ⅰb期术后化疗组与单纯手术组相比,1年生存率比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）。结论：Ⅰ期肺腺癌患者术后化疗均比单纯手术预后好,效果显著,值得在临床上推广。     

Analysis of risk factors of surgical site infections in breast cancer

Background Adjuvant chemotherapy has become an important component of standard therapy for breast cancer. However, until now, there have been few reports on the surgical site infections （SSI） after breast cancer surgery, specially after adjuvent chemotherapy. To study the risk factors of SSI of breast cancer, we analyzed patients diagnosed with breast cancer and treated with surgery. Methods Fifty-five patients diagnosed with breast cancer and received breast conserving or modified radical operations in our hospital during January 2008 to March 2008 were selected. Factors （patients＇ age, body mass index （BMI）, diabetes mellitus, no or administered adjuvant chemotherapy, with or without onset of myelosuppression and the degree, surgical approaches, duration of operation, postoperative drainage duration and total drainage volume） associated with SSI were retrospectively reviewed and statistically analyzed by single factor analysis. Results Five patients suffered SSI （5/55, 9.1%）; nineteen receiving adjuvant chemotherapy experienced Grade III＋ myelosuppression, among which 4 had SSI; only 1 out of the remaining 36 patients without adjuvant chemotherapy had SSI. The difference between the two groups was significant （P=-0.043）. The incidence of SSI in patients with postoperative drainage tube indwelling longer than 10 days was 5/21, whereas no SSI occurred in that less than 10 days （P=0.009）. In our study, there was no significient difference in other associated factors. Conclusions Concurrent Grade III＋ myelosuppression after adjuvant chemotherapy is an important risk factor of SSI in breast cancer and needs further study. No SSI was detected with indwelling time of post operative drainage less than 10 days.     

Demodex spp. Infestation in a breast-cancer patient: A case report

Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis are obligatory parasites that live in sebaceous glands and follicles. When immune system becomes suppressed by any reason, patients become vulnerable to obligatory parasites like D. folliculorum and D. brevis. Immune system becomes suppressed in cancer patients who undergo chemotherapy, and as a result these patients become vulnerable to infestations. In our case, a 45 year-old female has been admitted to oncology clinic for a medical treatment of breast cancer. Her systematic physical examination was normal, except redness on her cheeks and forehead. There was no abnormality in biochemical and haematological laboratory values. We have decided to apply chemotherapy of Adriamycin, cyclophosphamide and 5-fluorouracil. Due to the itchy redness on her cheeks and forehead, we had performed an examination for demodex before chemotherapy; and we have identified 20 mites/cm² on her right and left cheeks, and 15 mites/cm² on her forehead. When our patient had came our clinic with increasing complaint of itchy rash, after the first course of chemotherapy we have reexamined demodex. The result of microscopic examination revealed large amount of demodex of 50 mites/cm² on her right and left cheeks and 30 mites/cm² on her forehead, which were nearly 2.5-times higher than the previous examination. This increase probably was associated with immune suppression of chemotherapy.