What is the purpose of launching the World Journal of Stomatology?

Congratulations to the publisher, members of the editorial board of the journal, all the authors and readers for launching the World Journal of Stomatology (WJS) as a new member of the World series journal family! Significant scientific advances and important breakthroughs need to be published to impact dental care and reach an audience of researchers and clinicians who can create more effective dental treatments for their patients. There is a need to share scientific information, methodologies, therapies, and hypotheses related to stomatology, through an open-access format, to reach the widest possible audience. The WJS was created to fulfill the role of disseminating the most significant, innovative and transformational cutting edge research in dentistry. The WJS is a peer-reviewed open-access periodical centered in stomatology, with a multidisciplinary coverage that will publish high-impact articles in all areas of the dental clinical specialties, applied science, epidemiology, trauma and dental care, dental materials, oral biology and microbiology. The WJS is not scared of controversy or challenges to existing doctrine, since they are supported by high-quality science or unequivocal clinical outcomes. The WJS will avoid publishing confirmatory and low-impact articles. The WJS will only publish articles directly relevant to stomatology and dentistry because this is what our readers expect. If you need to share any exciting dental research discoveries and reach the widest possible audience, you will find in the WJS the most helpful resource to publish your papers!     

What are the limitations of the non-patient-specific implant in titanium reconstruction of the orbit?

There is ongoing discussion about patient-specific implants (PSI) to reconstruct orbital defects. Although PSI offer excellent clinical outcome, they are expensive. Subsequently, their routine application is not indicated. The purpose of this study was to estimate the frequency of implant malposition and revision procedures after primary orbital repair with preformed plates and to identify cases where primary use of PSI would help to prevent revision surgery. All patients included in the study were operated on for orbital fractures at the Royal London Hospital between August 2017 and July 2018. Selection criteria included adult patients treated for orbital fractures with a titanium plate. Revision was planned in symptomatic patients presenting with clear implant malposition. Seventy-nine patients with 81 implants were included, 33 of whom had multiple orbital wall fractures (medial wall and floor or all four walls) and were summarised as group 2. Group 1 consisted of single orbital floor/medial wall fractures. The five patients for whom revision surgery was planned or undertaken because of radiological poorly positioned implants and substantial clinical symptoms all had multiple wall fractures. This finding was significant (p = 0.006). The major reason for revision was a defect that was too large for the prescribed plate. Patients with large orbital defects needing surgical treatment are at risk of implant malposition. The orbital reconstruction with preformed plate evidences good outcome in single wall fractures. However, the risk of malposition increases massively with fracture size. We therefore postulate that in large, two-wall fractures, primary treatment with a PSI has to be considered.     

What is the relation between the presence of caries in the deciduous dentition and the chronology of the eruption of the permanent teeth?

Based on data obtained from a prospective epidemiological study in a random sample of 4468 Flemish children, accurate emergence ages for permanent teeth could be established. When data on permanent tooth emergence in different populations are compared, differences are most pronounced for premolars. Several authors hypothesised that this difference could be explained by a difference in caries experience in the primary molars. The purpose of this study was to quantify the effect of caries experience in a primary molar on the timing of emergence of its successor. The results indicate that the emergence of the premolars was accelerated by 2 to 8 months when its predecessor had been decayed and or filled but had not been extracted. Premature loss of maxillary primary molars resulted in a significant acceleration of the emergence of the premolars; this was not observed in the mandible. In conclusion, when considering permanent tooth emergence ages, caries experience in the primary dentition should be taken into account.     

Is the consumption of fruit cariogenic?

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate possible risk factors for dental caries in primary school children. Methods: Children aged 10–12 years (n = 257) residing in Lithgow, a non‐fluoridated community in New South Wales, Australia, were examined for caries experience in the permanent dentition. Information on dental practices, diet, residential movements, and socioeconomic status were obtained from self‐completed questionnaires. Results: Caries risk in the permanent teeth was associated with social disadvantage and diet. Among the dietary factors, the frequency of fruit consumption was associated with higher odds of caries experience (odds ratio: 1.52, 95% confidence intervals: 1.05, 2.21). Conclusions: Exposure to a high level of fruit consumption was suggestive of increased caries risk. Longitudinal studies are required to investigate the relationship between fruit consumption and dental caries.     

What is the function of osteocalcin?

BackgroundOsteocalcin is the most abundant non-collagenous protein in bone and is specifically expressed in osteoblasts. Previous studies using osteocalcin-deficient (Ocn^–/–) mice demonstrated that osteocalcin inhibits bone formation, and serum uncarboxylated osteocalcin functions as a hormone that improves glucose metabolism, induces testosterone synthesis in the testes, and maintains muscle mass. Furthermore, the relationship between serum osteocalcin and glucose metabolism or cardiovascular risk in humans has been reported. However, new Ocn^–/– mice exhibited different phenotypes.HighlightBone volume, formation, and resorption were normal in the new Ocn^–/– mice. The orientation of collagen fibers was parallel to the bone longitudinal direction and the size of apatite crystals was normal, but the c-axis of apatite crystals was random and bone strength was reduced in new Ocn^–/– mice. Glucose metabolism, testosterone synthesis, and muscle mass were normal in new Ocn^–/– mice. Exercise improved glucose metabolism and increased bone formation, leading to an increase in the serum osteocalcin level, which is a marker for bone formation.ConclusionContrary to previous findings, new Ocn^–/– mice revealed that osteocalcin has no function in the regulation of bone quantity, but instead, functions to direct the parallel alignment of the c-axis of apatite crystals with collagen fibrils. Moreover, it has no physiological function as a hormone that regulates glucose metabolism, testosterone synthesis, or muscle mass. These controversial phenotypes require further investigation. The relationship of serum osteocalcin with glucose metabolism or cardiovascular risk suggests the importance of exercise for their improvement.     

Value of videoroscopy in the detection of alterations of? Actinic Cheilitis?and the selection of biopsy areas

Background

To demonstrate the value of videoroscopy in identifying lesions and alterations not seen by oroscopy and to select the area for biopsy.

Material and Methods

Eighty patients were subjected to anamnesis, physical exam, videoroscopy exam, toluidine blue test and biopsy. A diagram of the lips was created to record the exact location where the lesion was found.

Results

Physical exam identified 287 lesions, and videoroscopy identified 587 lesions; erythema and white lesions were the most common lesions associated with actinic cheilitis. Of the 59 performed biopsies, 32 (52.4%) cases were identified by videoroscopy that showed lesions that were not detected during physical examination.

Conclusions

The establishment of a diagram of the lip permitted registration of the precise location of the lesion. Videoroscopy was effective in locating lesions not seen by oroscopy. Both videoroscopy and the diagram of the lips allowed for better and earlier diagnosis and better patient follow-up for those with actinic cheilitis. Key words: Actinic cheilitis, potentially malignant disorder, videoroscopy, dermatoscopy, lip. oroscopy, diagram of lip.