应用磁分离酶联免疫法测定甲状腺功能及其临床应用

应用磁分离酶联免疫测定法测定血清中TSH、T3 、T4、FT3、FT4五项指标.健康人组(n=100),建立本实验室正常参考值.各型甲状腺机能亢进人组(n=68),甲状腺机能减退人组(n=22);各种急性或慢性全身性疾病的患者,其中,心肌梗塞12人;充血性心力衰竭8人;肝炎、肝硬化10人;脑血管疾病11人;呼吸道感染21人.结果 表明:健康人组血清TSH水平略呈偏态分布,第2.5～97.5百分位数范围为(0.29～5.70) mIU/L;血清T3水平呈正态分布,X=2.76、S=1.02、正常参考值(1.74～3.78)mmol/L;血清T 4水平呈正态分布X:84.82、S=26.23、正常参考值范围(58.59～111.05)mmol/L;血清FT3水平呈正态分布,X=2.06、S=0.88,正常参考值范围(1.18～2.94)pmoL/L;血清FT4水平呈正态分布X=8.53、S=3.03,正常参考值范围(5.5～11.56)pmol/L.甲亢初诊患者TSH 水平降低,T3、T4、FT3 、FT4有不同程度升高;甲状腺机能减退患者 TSH水平升高,T3、T4、FT3 、FT4有不同程度降低;各种急性或慢性全身性疾病患者TSH水平与正常组无显著差异,T 3、FT3、FT4正常或略低,T4正常或升高;另外,实验观察TSH、FT 3、FT4三项指标 诊断甲功在敏感性和特异性上超过T 3、T4两项指标.磁分离酶联免疫法是一种灵敏、特异、有效、且无放射污染的免疫化学检测技术.     

宁波正常孕妇妊娠期甲状腺功能参考值范围探讨与应用

目的探讨宁波地区女性妊娠后各期甲状腺功能特异性血清检测指标的正常参考值范围,比较本文建立的参考值范围与ATA推荐2017指南参考值范围对孕期甲状腺功能异常检出的差异。方法选取2017年1~10月本院产科门诊例行产检的单胎健康妊娠妇女841例作为研究组,同期孕前检查的172例非妊娠期妇女作为对照组,根据美国国家临床生化研究院(NACB)指南的推荐,电化学发光法测定受试者血清中TSH、FT4、FT3、TT3、TT4、抗甲状腺球蛋白抗体(Tg Ab)和抗甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)水平。结果妊娠早期(T1)血清中甲状腺各指标中位数及95%参考范围FT3为3.03(2.30~3.91)pg/m L,FT4为0.75(0.51~1.12)ng/d L,TT3为1.25(0.82~1.89)ng/m L,TT4为8.62(5.41~12.36)μg/d L,TSH为1.68(0.17~4.09)m IU/L,妊娠中期(T2)血清中甲状腺各指标中位数及95%参考范围FT3为2.94(2.30~3.52)pg/m L,FT4为0.69(0.49~1.02)ng/d L,TT3为1.30(0.89~1.87)ng/m L,TT4为8.79(5.22~12.54)μg/d L,TSH为1.99(0.14~4.80)m IU/L,妊娠晚期(T3)血清中甲状腺各指标中位数及95%参考范围FT3为2.68(2.10~3.34)pg/m L,FT4:为0.44(0.24~0.87)ng/d L,TT3为1.14(0.75~1.55)ng/m L,TT4为7.94(4.56~11.54)μg/d L,TSH为2.58(0.46~4.46)m IU/L。血清结合球蛋白抗体(Tg Ab)及血清抗甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)整个孕期变化比较,差异无统计学意义,ATA推荐标准与本研究新建立的标准,对1330例产检的孕妇进行筛查,甲状腺功能异常检出例数与(检出率)分别为:亚临床甲状腺功能减退68(5.1%)74(5.6%),甲状腺功能减退13(0.9%)23(1.7%),亚临床甲状腺功能亢进症11(0.8%)14(1.0%),甲状腺功能亢进症5(0.4%)5(0.4%),低甲状腺素血症79(5.9%)72(5.4%)。结论 (1)正常妊娠女性甲状腺功能指标随孕周增加变化,TSH值表现为早孕期降低,中孕期回升,到孕晚期升到最高的变化趋势,FT4、FT3则表现为孕早期升高,中孕期降低至孕晚期最低;(2)本研究得出的参考值范围对于甲状腺功能异常的检出率与ATA指南的参考值范围有出入;(3)宁波地区妊娠妇女的血清甲状腺激素水平具备地域上的特异性,制定本地区的妊娠期特异参考值范围很有必要。     

应用FITC系统建立非均衡竞争游离甲状腺素化学发光法

[目的]制备抗人甲状腺素多克隆抗体并应用异硫氰酸荧光素(fluorescein isothiocyanate,FITC)系统建立非均衡竞争FT4化学发光法.[方法]以T4-牛血清白蛋白(bovin serum albumin,BSA)为抗原免疫新西兰兔,制备抗人T4多克隆抗体,亲和层析法吸附掉与3-碘-L-甲状腺原氨酸(3-iodo-L-tyrosine)、3,5-二碘-L-甲状腺原氨酸(3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine)、D-三碘甲状腺原氨酸(D-T3)、L-三碘甲状腺原氨酸(L-T3)、反三碘甲状腺原氨酸(rT3)有交叉反应多抗,纯化特异性的抗人T4多克隆抗体并用FITC标记T4类似物,用抗FITC抗体包被微孔板.反应时,将FT4校准品或样品、FITC-T4类似物、T4抗体-HRP依次加入包被有抗FTTC抗体的化学发光板中,FITC -T4类似物与FT4校准品或样品,非均衡竞争结合T4抗体-HRP,从而在微孔板上形成免疫反应复合物T4类似物-T4抗体-HRP,通过酶促化学发光反应,就可以显示出与样品FT4浓度负相关的相对光单位(relative light unit,RLU),建立FT4化学发光检测方法.[结果]抗体经酶联免疫吸附实验证明对T4具有高度特异性,与3-iodo-L-tyrosine、3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine、L-T3、D-T3、rT3无交叉反应.该方法建立的试剂盒标准曲线的线性相关系数不小于0.9900;分析灵敏度为0.9 pmol/L;线性检测范围0.9～130 pmol/L;精密度测试批内变异系数CV＜ 10％;与进口发光免疫分析系统做线性相关比较,线性回归系数为1.0852,相关系数为0.9673,临床符合率良好;本方法建立的试剂盒经加速稳定性试验37℃放置7d与2～8℃放置7d无异.[结论]综上所述,应用FITC系统建立的非均衡竞争FT4化学发光免疫分析灵敏度高、特异性好适于临床诊断应用.     

血清FT3、FT4联合放免检测法的建立

目的　研究一种可以联合检测血清游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸 (FT3)、游离甲状腺素 (FT4 )的固相放射免疫分析 (放免 ) (RadioimmunoassayRIA)方法。方法　用葡萄球菌蛋白A(SPA)分别制备T3抗体包被管和T4 抗体包被珠 ,在同一体系中与各自反应物作用 ,最后管、珠分别进行放射性测定 ,建立联合RIA ,并与独立检测的液相RIA试剂盒对照。结果　FT3、FT4 最小检测值分别为 0 3 4pmol/L、0 76pmol/L ;回收率均值为 99 6%和 98 2 % ;变异系数符合RIA要求 ;与对照试剂盒检测 48份血清 ,结果进行t检验 :t=- 0 918,P >0 2及t =- 0 897,P >0 2。结论　本方法比传统方法简单 ,所得结果无统计学差异 ,具有应用价值     

SEROZYME磁性分离酶联免疫检测仪测定甲状腺功能指标的参考值

目的建立SEROZYME磁性分离酶联免疫检测仪测定甲状腺功能指标三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、甲状腺素(T4)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、促甲状腺素(TSH)的参考值。方法用SEROZYME磁性分离酶联免疫检测仪分别测定260例健康者血清T3、T4、FT3、FT4和TSH,进行性别、年龄组间差异的显著性检验和频数分布的正态性检验,对差异无统计学意义的组结果合并,符合正态分布的项目用-x±1·96s确定参考值,不符合正态分布的项目用2·5~97·5百分位数确定参考值,并与文献报告的参考值进行比较。结果按该法确定的参考值为:T320岁以下1·4ng/ml(范围0·7~1·9)或2·2nmol/L(范围1·1~2·9);21~40岁1·2ng/ml(范围0·7~1·7)或1·8nmol/L(范围1·1~2·6);41~60岁1·2ng/ml(范围0·7~1·8)或1·8nmol/L(范围1·1~2·8);60岁以上1·1ng/ml(范围0·7~1·8)或1·7nmol/L(范围1·1~2·8)。T476·7ng/ml(范围54·5~112·0);FT33·1pmol/L(范围1·5~6·0);FT413·0pmol/L(范围5·7~20·3);TSH2·0mU/L(范围0·4~4·5)。结论由于仪器、方法、原理、试剂不同,甲状腺功能指标参考值也有很大的差别,因此,各实验室有必要建立自己的正常值。     

血清FT3、FT4联合放免检测法的建立

目的研究一种可以联合检测血清游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)的固相放射免疫分析(放免)(Radioimmunoassay RIA)方法.方法用葡萄球菌蛋白A(SPA)分别制备T3抗体包被管和T4抗体包被珠,在同一体系中与各自抗原作用,最后管、珠分别进行放射性测定,建立联合RIA,并与独立检测的液相RIA试剂盒对照.结果FT3、FT4最小检测值分别为0.34 pmol/L、0.76 pmol/L;回收率均值为99.6%和98.2%;变异系数符合RIA要求;与对照试剂盒检测48份血清,结果进行t检验t=-0.918,P＞0.2及t--0.897,P＞0.2.结论本方法比传统方法简单,所得结果无统计学差异,具有应用价值.     

妊娠期糖尿病患者甲状腺功能TSH和FT4及TPOAb等指标的变化

目的探讨妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)患者血糖与甲状腺功能的关系。方法选取2017年3月至2019年3月在本院就诊的GDM患者118例作为GDM组,并选取同期健康孕妇100名作为对照组,检测两组甲状腺功能指标;根据患者血糖控制情况,再分为血糖控制组(n=87)和未控制组(n=31),比较两组妊娠结局。结果 GDM组三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、总甲状腺素(T4)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)和游离甲状腺素(FT4)分别为(2.21±0.75)nmol/L、(153.30±29.88)nmol/L、(4.22±0.89)pmol/L和(15.15±3.66)pmol/L,均明显低于对照组(P<0.05),而促甲状腺素(TSH)为(1.87±0.41)mIU/L,明显高于对照组(P<0.05);GDM组和对照组甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)阳性率比较差异无统计学意义;血糖控制组和未控制组T3、T4、FT3和FT4、TSH和TPOAb比较差异均无统计学意义;GDM组糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)与FT3呈负相关(r=-0.441,P<0.05);血糖控制组和未控制组分娩孕周、新生儿性别、出生体质量比较差异无统计学意义。结论 GDM患者甲状腺功能异常,血糖水平与甲状腺功能无明显相关性。     

SEROZYME系统测定血清FT3、FT4及其临床评价

目的 用SEROZYME系统检测血清FT3、FT4 并进行临床与实验室考核.方法 将本系统与放射免疫法(RIA)进行对比研究.结果 健康人(n=68)血清FT3、FT4水平( +SD)分别为4.1±1.1pmol/L、14.1±3.2pmoL/L.甲减组FT4水平下降(P<0.01);FT 3水平与正常对照组无显著差异(P>0.05);初诊甲亢组 FT3、FT4(P均<0.01)水平升高;糖尿病组FT 3水平下降(0.05>P>0.01),FT4水平与正常对照组无显著差异(P>0.05);其它各疾病组两项指标与正常对照组均无显著差异(P均>0.05);与RIA对比检测血清FT 3、FT4两法符合率分别达81.5%、74.8%;重复性:批内与批间变异系数(CV)FT 3分别为2.8%～5.6%、6.8%～9.0%,FT4 分别为1.2%～3.4%、4.6%～7.0%;最少检量:FT 3为0.9pmol/L,FT4为0.1pmol/L;真实性及诊断价值:FT 3与FT4联合对甲亢、甲减诊断的灵敏度分别为92.2%、90.6%.特异性分别为97.1%、97.1%,总有效率均为95%;阳性预示值分别为95.9%、91.7%;阴性预示值分别为97.1%、 95.7%.结论 本检测系统对甲状腺功能的诊断灵敏、特异、可靠,与RIA技术相当,或有更多优点.     

EIA定量检测T_3、T_4的方法学评价和临床应用

目的 :了解酶免疫法定量检测血清中三碘甲状腺原氨酸 (T3 )和甲状腺素 (T4 )的可行性。方法 :采用酶免疫法和放射免疫法检测 31份血清的T3 和T4 含量 ,其结果与放射免疫法的检测结果作对照 ,同时对一定数量的血清标本作重复试验、回收试验和干扰试验。结果 :酶免疫法灵敏度T3 :0 3nmoL/L ,T4 :5 2nmoL/L ;血清标本批内CV值和批间CV值 :T3 为7 5 %和 9 3% ,T4 为 5 6 %和 8 4% ;T3 平均回收率为 10 3% ;T4 平均回收率 10 4%。应用EIA及RIA共测定临床标本 31例 ,同时进行相关性检验 ,两法结果无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论 :酶免疫法用于血清T3 和T4 定量测定具有灵敏度高和准确性强 ,实验干扰因素较易控制等特点。     

应用FITC系统建立非均衡竞争游离三碘甲腺原氨酸（FT3）化学发光法

目的制备抗人T3多克隆抗体,应用异硫氰酸荧光素(fluorescein isothiocyanat,FITC)系统开发新型非均衡竞争技术,建立一种能广泛应用于临床检测游离三碘甲腺原氨酸(free triiodothyronine,FT3)的方法。方法以T3-牛血清白蛋白(bovin serum albumin,BSA)为抗原免疫新西兰大白兔,制备抗人T3多克隆抗体,亲和层析法纯化并联接辣根过氧化物酶(horse radish peroxidase,HRP)。用FITC标记T3-类似物。采用抗FITC抗体包被发光板,FITC-T3类似物与抗FITC抗体结合形成固相抗原,通过非均衡竞争法原理,固相抗原与血清中FT3竞争结合抗T3抗体-HRP,通过标准曲线计算FT3浓度,建立方法学评价并与直接用T3-牛血清γ球蛋白(Bovine serum gamma globulin,BGG)包被(非FITC系统)的检测系统相比较。将本方法应用于临床120份血清标本的检测,定量结果与德国罗氏2010电化学发光全自动免疫分析系统(Elec-sys 2010)定量结果进行比较。结果抗体经酶联免疫吸附实验证明对T3、具有高度特异性。应用FITC系统建立的非均衡竞争化学发光免疫分析标准曲线的线性R>0.99,线性范围0.25～50 pg/ml,分析灵敏度为0.25 pg/ml,精密度测试批内、批间变异系数CV<5%,检测结果优于非FITC系统的检测。对于临床血清标本的检测,其定量结果与德国Elecsys2010定量试剂盒的定量结果具有很好的相关性,相关系数r=0.962 2,两者的测定值无显著性差异。结论制备的抗人T3多克隆抗体特异性强,以FITC系统为平台建立的非均衡竞争FT3检测化学发光法具有精密性好、灵敏度高、稳定性强,有良好的准确性,达到临床测定的需求,可代替进口化学发光产品用于临床样本的检测。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.