抑郁在老年人领悟社会支持与生活满意度 之间的中介效应

目的 分析泰安市老年人领悟社会支持、抑郁和生活满意度之间的关系,并探讨抑郁在领悟社会支持与生活满意度之间的中介效应。方法 采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法抽取3 896名60岁及以上老年人,采用自编一般情况调查表、生活满意度量表（SWLS）、领悟社会支持量表（PSSS）和病人健康问卷抑郁量表（PHQ-9）搜集相关资料,并采用逐步回归法对抑郁在领悟社会支持与生活满意度之间的中介效应进行检验。结果 老年人生活满意度得分平均为（27.86±5.32）。Pearson相关分析结果表明,老年人抑郁与生活满意度和领悟社会支持之间均呈负相关关系（ r =-0.461、-0.312, P <0.001）,生活满意度与领悟社会支持之间呈正相关关系（ r =0.342, P <0.001）。回归分析结果显示,社会支持、抑郁得分对生活满意度均有影响（ t= 13.777、-22.104, P <0.001）。领悟社会支持对生活满意度的总效应值为0.275,直接效应值为0.196,抑郁对生活满意度的中介效应值为0.079,均通过非参数百分位Bootstrap检验。结论 老年人生活满意度相对较高,领悟社会支持和抑郁是生活满意度的影响因素,抑郁在领悟社会支持与生活满意度之间起部分中介作用。     

The impact of neurological illness on marital relationships

The current study investigated the impact of neurological illness on marital relationship satisfaction. Participants numbered 423 patients and 335 carers from motor neurone disease (MND), Huntington's disease (HD), Parkinson's, and multiple sclerosis (MS). The results demonstrated that patients and carers with HD had a significantly lower level of relationship satisfaction and sex life satisfaction than the other three illness groups. Further, patients with HD indicated a significantly higher level of relationship satisfaction than their carers. For MS and MND patients, social support predicted marital relationship satisfaction, and for Parkinson's patients, social support and sex life satisfaction predicted marital relationship satisfaction.     

Determinants of life satisfaction among Japanese agricultural workers

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factorial structure of life satisfaction in agricultural workers. One hundred and sixty-five (87 males and 78 females) agricultural workers mainly engaged in plastic greenhouse cultivation in southern Japan, ranging in age from 19 to 72 years (mean = 44.3 years), completed a questionnaire. Scores of life satisfaction showed a higher tendency in males than in females, and those in elders were higher than in younger people. Conversely, females showed higher stress scores than males, and younger people’s score were higher than the elders. Multiple regression analysis was performed to analyze the factorial structure of satisfaction. It is suggested that the level of life satisfaction is positively related to social support, and is negatively related to the impact of stressful life events, globally perceived stress and subjective symptoms of ill health. Stress levels depended on factors concerning the psychological demands of work, work posture, work hours and work environment. Different factorial structures were observed between female and male workers. Findings from this study suggest that a strong social support network may assist in enhancing life satisfaction. Furthermore, the ill health and stress experienced in agricultural work were associated with a reduced life satisfaction.     

Pilot study of a visitor volunteer programme for community elderly people receiving home health care

There is a need to evaluate community support programmes for elderly people. In this randomized control trial (RCT), we determined the effectiveness of 'friendly visitors' in a volunteer programme of a visiting nurses organization in Southern Ontario, Canada. The Volunteer Friendly Visitor Programme was developed to support elderly people receiving homemaking and nursing care in the community. Volunteers are screened, trained, interviewed and matched to homebound elderly clients for general interest, visit expectations and personality. Volunteers spend three to four hours on average per week with clients socializing in mutually agreed-upon ways. The nursing staff identified clients who were lonely for this additional support. These newly-referred clients were randomly allocated to receive a friendly visitor or not for six weeks. Those receiving the volunteer visitor improved in life satisfaction and two social support measures: worth and social integration. Thus, the addition of volunteer visitors to planned homemaking and nursing care made a difference for elderly in the community.     

照料孙辈对我国农村中老年人心理健康的影响

本文使用中国健康与养老追踪调查的面板数据，分析了照料孙辈对农村中老年人抑郁和生活满意度的影响，并进一步探讨了不同居住安排下的照料行为对其心理健康影响的差异。研究发现：（1）照料孙辈对农村中老年人抑郁症状频率有正向影响，对农村流动中老年人的生活满意度有负向影响，但对农村非流动中老年人的生活满意度有正向影响；（2）不和子女、孙辈居住且照料孙辈的农村中老年人生活满意度为好的概率最高，隔代居住且照料孙辈的农村流动中老年人生活满意度为好的概率最低，三代同堂居住且照料孙辈的农村非流动中老年人生活满意度为好的概率最低；（3）代际情感支持比代际经济支持更有利于农村中老年人的心理健康。基于上述结论，本文认为政府应支持兴办农村婴幼儿托管服务机构，为农村流动中老年人提供社会支持服务，支持子女与父母保持"一碗汤的距离"居住，倡导子女增强对父母的精神慰藉。     

高血压对中国老年人抑郁状况的影响及应对策略研究——基于 CHARLS 数据的实证分析

目的 研究是否患高血压对中国老年人抑郁状况的影响,并在此基础上探究老年高血压患者抑郁状况的应对策略。方法 利用“中国健康与养老追踪调查”2018年全国数据,通过倾向得分匹配法(PSM)进行分析,并采用社会支持量表、生活满意度量表、日常活动能力量表及抑郁量表对老年高血压患者进行调查。结果 相较于未患高血压的老年人,患有高血压的老年人抑郁得分高出46%(P<0.05,95%CI:0.01～0.91); 生活满意度和社会支持与抑郁水平显著负相关,日常活动能力抑郁水平显著正相关; 日常活动能力在生活满意度与老年高血压患者抑郁水平之间起中介作用; 社会支持调节了生活满意度对老年高血压患者抑郁水平的影响。结论 患高血压会增加中国老年人的抑郁程度,应关注高血压患者的生活满意度及其日常活动能力并通过给予更多的社会支持来改善老年人的抑郁状况。     

合肥市离退休老年人群生活质量的流行病学研究

目的：了解合肥市离退休老年人群生活质量现状及其影响因素。方法：采用分层随机抽样方法，对合肥市633名60岁以上离退休老年人的生活质量及相关因素进行横断面研究，使用标准化的生活质量相关量表和社会人口特征调查问卷进行询问调查。结果：有躯体残疾或患慢性疾病者占70．6％，生活活动功能完全正常者占71．9％，孤独评分平均得分37．85，生活满意度指数A平均得分10．08，社会支持平均得分33．95，家庭功能平均得分23．80，有74．7％的老人对目前自己的身体健康状况满意。多因素分析表明孤独、家庭功能、社会支持、慢性疾病、经济收入、膳食营养、睡眠、体育锻炼、职业和年龄等是生活满意度的主要影响因素。逐步回归分析显示，孤独、社会支持、睡眠与体育锻炼是预测生活满意度指数的前三位变量。结论：重视老年人心理卫生保健，积极发挥家庭、社会在提高老年人生活质量中的作用，是今后老年卫生保健、老年社会服务的方向。     

Predictors of psychological well-being among assisted-living residents

Assisted-living facilities are a rapidly growing source of supportive housing for frail elderly people. This study examined the psychological well-being of elderly assisted-living residents and factors associated with well-being. Participants were nondemented elderly residents of an assisted-living community in the urban southeast. Depression, life satisfaction, and demographic, health, and social support variables were measured through face-to-face interviews. A sizeable minority of the residents reported high levels of depressive symptoms and low life satisfaction. Female gender, self-reported health, functional impairment, perceived social support, and participation in activities were significantly associated with well-being. The predictive value of gender and health variables were reduced when social support was introduced. Implications for policy and social work practice are discussed.     

Experiences of caregiving, satisfaction of life, and social repercussions among family caregivers, two years post-stroke

Cerebrovascular diseases are a public health and social policy priority in Europe due to their high prevalence and the long-term disability they may result in (as the principal cause of handicap). Increasingly, family caregivers take over the care at home of these patients. Two years post-stroke, our study analyzed the feelings of family caregivers from Luxembourg and northeastern Portugal toward their experience of caregiving and its repercussions on social and couple relationships, life satisfaction, and socioeconomic characteristics. Participating hospitals identified survivors and consent was sought by letter. Patients (n = 62) and their main caregivers (n = 46 pairs) were interviewed at home. The mean life satisfaction of caregivers was similar, but the experience of providing care differed in terms of family support, and disruptions of the caregivers' family responsibilities. More Portuguese respondents gave activities up, found little time for relaxation, and estimated that their health had deteriorated; more Luxembourgers felt strong enough to cope. More Portuguese spouses reported an impact on their sex lives. Family caregivers represent a "population at risk." Social workers can help them by providing domestic assistance, undertaking coaching activities, fostering favorable attitudes, and offering reassurance. Home-based rehabilitation in Europe involving family care must take account of cultural lifestyle issues.     

Elderly persons with disabilities in Sweden: their experiences of everyday life

The aim of this study was to describe the everyday life experiences of 22 elderly persons with physical disabilities in Sweden. The participants were aged between 65 and 91 years. Interviews were conducted and analysed according to a qualitative research approach. Disengagement in activities and social contacts resulted in feelings of resignation and dejection for some participants, while others delegated tasks as a satisfactory alternative. Participants also described how activities and social contacts continued, albeit in a different way, and being active and socializing gave feelings of pleasure and a sense of belonging. While receiving help was experienced as valuable, it also increased the fear of becoming dependent. Occupational therapy intervention should be directed at increasing social contacts and engagements in meaningful activities, as well as strengthening the individual's autonomy. The transferability of the study can be questioned as the sample only included elderly persons with physical disabilities from urban areas. Further research is needed to address the impact of occupational therapy interventions on life satisfaction.     

大学生社会支持与自我和谐和生活满意度关系的研究

目的了解大学生生活满意度现状，分析社会支持、自我和谐与大学生生活满意度的关系。方法采用社会支持评定量袁、自我和谐量表和大学生生活满意度评定量表对330名大学生进行调查，然后进行相关分析和方差分析。结果大学生的社会支持与自我和谐、生活满意度密切相关，自我和谐与社会支持呈负相关，生活满意度与社会支持呈正相关；高社会支持组的大学生自我和谐水平、生活满意度显著高于中、低社会支持组。结论社会支持对大学生的自我和谐水平、生活满意度有积极影响。     

Experiences of Caregiving,Satisfaction of Life,and Social Repercussions Among Family Caregivers,Two Years Post-Stroke

Cerebrovascular diseases are a public health and social policy priority in Europe due to their high prevalence and the long-term disability they may result in (as the principal cause of handicap). Increasingly, family caregivers take over the care at home of these patients. Two years post-stroke, our study analyzed the feelings of family caregivers from Luxembourg and northeastern Portugal toward their experience of caregiving and its repercussions on social and couple relationships, life satisfaction, and socioeconomic characteristics. Participating hospitals identified survivors and consent was sought by letter. Patients (n = 62) and their main caregivers (n = 46 pairs) were interviewed at home. The mean life satisfaction of caregivers was similar, but the experience of providing care differed in terms of family support, and disruptions of the caregivers' family responsibilities. More Portuguese respondents gave activities up, found little time for relaxation, and estimated that their health had deteriorated; more Luxembourgers felt strong enough to cope. More Portuguese spouses reported an impact on their sex lives. Family caregivers represent a “population at risk.” Social workers can help them by providing domestic assistance, undertaking coaching activities, fostering favorable attitudes, and offering reassurance. Home-based rehabilitation in Europe involving family care must take account of cultural lifestyle issues.     

Associations with life satisfaction among very elderly people living in a deprived part of inner London

In the present study 662 people, aged 85 and over, living at home in a socially deprived part of the east end of London were interviewed in order to ascertain their life circumstances, emotional well-being, mental and physical health status. The aim of the analyses presented here was to determine the impact of social networks and support, functional status and reported morbidity on life satisfaction. Multiple regression analysis showed that physical health status was a stronger predictor of emotional well-being in relation to life satisfaction than social network characteristics. The uniqueness of the study lies in its concentration on a very elderly age group, predominantly in the lower socio-economic classes.     

Satisfaction with life overall and with specific life domains among elderly persons with a lower limb amputation]

OBJECTIVE: To examine a group of elderly persons who had had a lower limb amputation and who were receiving care at the outpatient clinic of a teaching hospital in Campinas, S?o Paulo, Brazil, in order to: 1) identify relationships between their perceived overall life satisfaction and their functional capacity; 2) assess their perceived satisfaction with the domains of health, physical functioning/dependence, mental health, and social integration/involvement; and 3) identify relationships between overall life satisfaction and satisfaction with the specific domains. METHODS: An assessment was done of a group of 40 elderly persons (30 men and 10 women) who had had an amputation above the malleolus at least 1 year earlier and who were undergoing rehabilitation between June 1994 and June 1999. Their mean age was 74.5 years (range, 60 to 79 years). A questionnaire was used for data collection to assess: 1) functional capacity (Barthel index); 2) general life satisfaction (Cantrill model); and 3) satisfaction with the domains of health, physical functioning/dependence, mental health, and social integration/involvement, with the 40 elderly persons assessing themselves both in individual terms and in comparison to other persons of the same age group. RESULTS: Among the 40 elderly persons, the level of general life satisfaction was high. Measured on a scale of 1 to 10, the mean was 7.1 and the median 7.5, with a standard deviation of 2.73. There was no correlation between overall life satisfaction and functional capacity. There was no significant difference between individual perceived satisfaction with the specific domains and the perception of these domains in comparison to other persons of the same age group; in both of these cases, the elderly persons who had had an amputation reported a high degree of satisfaction. A positive correlation was found only between overall life satisfaction and the domains of health (individual and comparative) and of physical functioning (comparative). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that this group of elderly persons who had had an amputation tended to assess their situation positively. This finding provides new insights into the rehabilitation of elderly persons with lower limb amputations. Taken together with the dearth of studies concerning the subject, this finding also indicates the need for additional research focusing on the subjective well-being of the elderly.     

Arthritis disability, depression, and life satisfaction among black elderly people

This study examined the correlates of arthritis disorder in a sample of black elderly people in Nashville, Tennessee. More specifically, both the presence of arthritis and its severity were examined with regard to level of depression and life satisfaction, particularly in the areas of family life, social support, and leisure activities. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews with 600 black elderly people residing in the community. The sample had more females (70 percent) than males (30 percent) and majorities who were not married (75 percent) and who were living alone (56 percent). The authors' analyses indicated significant differences between arthritic and nonarthritic black elderly people in that arthritic elderly people were more depressed and experienced lower levels of life satisfaction. Further, levels of depression and life dissatisfaction were higher among those experiencing disability associated with the illness and those who were currently in treatment.     

Gender and social support in the context of cardiovascular disease

OBJECTIVE: Gender and social support (SS) can affect the level of adjustment to cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this study we attempted to determine the effects of both factors on negative mood state, quality of life (QOL) and perceived health control (PHC) in patients at high CVD risk or with CVD. We also tested for an interactive effect of gender and SS. METHOD: One hundred and fifty-three chronic outpatients (89 females and 60 males; 4 provided no information on gender) were assessed. Levels of social support were measured. Other psychosocial variables included were negative mood state, domains of QOL (satisfaction and free time) and PHC. RESULTS: The results, as expected, indicated main effects of gender and social support. Females experienced higher negative mood state and lower PHC in comparison with males. Patients with low SS reported less satisfaction, free time and PHC and had more negative mood state. No interaction of gender by social support was found. CONCLUSIONS: Levels of social support and gender are important aspects that influence emotional and psychological functioning in patients with CVD. Specific interventions designed for females and individuals with poor emotional and instrumental support may contribute to positive changes in their adjustment.     

A Stress Buffering Perspective on the Progression of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency

ABSTRACT

This study used the stress buffering perspective to identify social resources, including social network support, having a high quality marriage, and spousal support, that protect against deleterious effects of the progression of Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) on quality of life. Participants included 130 married adults living with AATD. We measured participants’ quality of life in three ways: perceived stress, life satisfaction, and perceptions of social stigma. The results suggested that disease progression corresponded positively with perceived stress and negatively with life satisfaction. Social network support moderated the association between disease progression and perceived stress and social stigma, and spousal support moderated the association between disease progression and perceived stress and life satisfaction. Marital quality was not a significant moderator. The discussion highlights the stress buffering effects of social support from close others.     

高中体艺生生活满意度及其与社会支持的关系

目的探讨高中体艺生生活满意度状况及其与社会支持之间的关系。方法采用随机抽样的方法，对256名高中体艺生进行量表生活满意度量表（LSS）和社会支持量表（SSRS）测评。结果高中体艺生的总体生活满意度在中等水平以上；男生在学业满意度、自由满意度和学校满意度三个领域的满意度显著高于女生；高一、高二学生在学校满意度上显著高于高三；不同社会支持水平上高中体艺生的生活满意度存在显著差异，高中体艺生生活满意度总分与社会支持各因子都存在显著的正相关；多元回归分析表明，社会支持中的主观支持和支持利用度2个因子进入了回归方程，对生活满意度具有显著的预测作用，对生活满意度总分的总解释量为28．8％。结论高中体艺生的总体生活满意度在中等水平以上，高中生社会支持状况对其生活满意度有着重要的影响。     

社交网络对城市社区老人生活满意度影响

目的探讨社区老年人社交网络与生活满意度的关联。方法2017年11月—2018年5月,在北京、合肥、兰州3个城市各选取1个社区共1148名≥60岁老人作为研究对象,调查内容包括一般情况、社交网络、生活满意度。采用SPSS 20.0软件进行单因素和多因素logistic回归分析。结果社交正常的老人生活满意度(62.65%,379/625)高于社交孤立的老人(46.60%,233/500),家庭社交正常的老人生活满意度(60.84%,491/807)高于家庭社交孤立的老人(41.07%,131/319),朋友社交正常的老人生活满意度(60.27%,361/599)高于朋友社交孤立的老人(49.42%,257/520),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,家庭社交孤立(OR=2.045,95%CI=1.362~3.071)和较低的生活满意度有关联(P<0.01)。未发现社交孤立、朋友社交孤立和生活满意度的关联,均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论相对于朋友社交网络,家庭社交网络与老年人的生活满意度的关系更为密切。     

Impact of morbidity and life events on successful aging

The purpose of this study was to examine the risks of the incidence of chronic conditions and life events on successful aging. Longitudinal data from a 10-year follow-up health survey were used. Successful aging indicators included basic and advanced physical function, depressive symptoms, cognitive function, emotional support, participation in productive activities, and life satisfaction. The stressors included life events and morbidity years of 10 chronic conditions. Loss of offspring increased the risk to physical health, psychological health, and life satisfaction. Being newly widowed was related to depressive symptoms, whereas being newly divorced increased the risk of poor social support. Morbidity years increased the risk of failure in successful aging, especially for stroke, respiratory system disease, diabetes, and cancer. Emotional health of the elderly should be carefully monitored after onset of life events and incidences of chronic conditions.