超声内提升骨刀在上颌窦内提升术中的临床应用

目的:评价超声内提升骨刀在上颌窦内提升术中的技术优势。方法:16例上颌后牙缺失患者,上颌窦底剩余牙槽骨骨量为4～7 mm,采用超声内提升骨刀行上颌窦底黏膜内提升术,同期植入种植体30枚,术后6个月上部结构修复。随访18个月。结果:术中无1例上颌窦黏膜破裂,术中、术后患者均无头晕、头痛等不适,术后鼻腔无出血,也无骨粉等异物排出;术后种植体稳固,种植体周围牙龈组织健康,无一脱落,咀嚼功能恢复满意。数字曲面断层片显示种植体周围骨未见低密度影,无上颌窦炎症影像;术后18个月种植体末端骨高度(2.1±1.5)mm,窦底提升(3.6±1.8)mm,种植体边缘骨吸收(1.27±0.56)mm。结论:采用超声内提升骨刀代替骨凿技术行上颌窦底黏膜内提升术,具有高效、快速、患者不适感轻、不损伤窦底黏膜的优点,值得在临床上推广。     

超声骨刀在上颌窦侧壁开窗提升种植术中的临床应用

目的：评价超声骨刀在上颌窦侧壁开窗提升牙种植术中应用的临床效果。方法：15例上颌后牙缺失患者,术前CBCT检查牙槽嵴顶距上颌窦底的骨量高度为3．0～6．5 mm,采用超声骨刀行上颌窦侧壁开窗提升术并同期植入19颗种植体,术后即刻CBCT观察上颌窦底黏膜、窦内情况及种植体植入情况,术后3天随访观察有无上颌窦黏膜破裂并发症状。结果：15例中无1例出现上颌窦黏膜破裂,术后CBCT检查所有患者上颌窦窦底黏膜提升成功,无上颌窦底黏膜破损者,无患者出现上颌窦内液体渗出堆积。术后3天内随访,均无鼻腔出现血性分泌物或骨粉等异物排出现象。结论：采用超声骨刀行上颌窦侧壁开窗提升牙种植术,可以大大减少种植手术的时间,降低了手术并发症的风险。     

上颌后牙区不同剩余骨高度行经牙槽嵴顶提升术同期植入种植体的临床效果研究

目的 探讨上颌窦底不同剩余骨高度(residual bone hight,RBH)行经牙槽嵴顶上颌窦底提升术同期植入种植体以及术中应用浓缩生长因子(concentrated growth factors,CGF)的临床应用效果.方法 纳入我院2014年1月至2017年12月上颌后牙区牙槽骨剩余骨高度不足患者38例,根据不同的RBH以及术中是否应用CGF将38例患者分为四组.A组:3 mm≤RBH<5 mm,经牙槽嵴顶上颌窦底提升术后同期植入种植体7例.B组:3 mm≤RBH<5 mm,经牙槽嵴顶上颌窦底提升术+CGF后同期植入种植体9例.C组:5 mm≤RBH<8 mm,经牙槽嵴顶上颌窦底提升术后同期植入种植体12例.D组:5 mm≤RBH<8 mm,经牙槽嵴顶上颌窦底提升术+CGF后同期植入种植体10例.种植术后即刻、6个月、12个月、24个月时复查CBCT检查种植体颈缘骨水平变化,窦底提升后骨高度变化,种植体骨结合及新骨形成的情况,有无种植体周围炎,种植体及修复体的稳定性,种植义齿的并发症.结果 38例病例无上颌窦炎症反应及上颌窦黏膜穿孔,种植体骨结合良好,永久修复后种植体及修复体稳定,术后一年种植体颈缘骨水平稳定.A、B组间,C、D组间种植体稳定系数(ISQ)的平均值在术后4个月和6个月差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).A、B组间,C、D组间在术后以及随访的24个月内的上颌窦底骨提升量差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且应用CGF组窦底骨提升量分别高于A组、C组.结论 在3 mm≤RBH<8 mm时,经牙槽嵴顶上颌窦底提升术同期种植后可获得良好的骨结合,在术中应用CGF可促进上颌窦内提升同期种植后新骨形成,加快骨结合,有效增加窦底骨高度,增强种植体稳定性.     

上颌后牙区不同剩余骨高度行经牙槽嵴顶提升术同期植入种植体的临床效果研究

目的 探讨上颌窦底不同剩余骨高度(residual bone hight,RBH)行经牙槽嵴顶上颌窦底提升术同期植入种植体以及术中应用浓缩生长因子(concentrated growth factors,CGF)的临床应用效果.方法 纳入我院2014年1月至2017年12月上颌后牙区牙槽骨剩余骨高度不足患者38例,根据不同的RBH以及术中是否应用CGF将38例患者分为四组.A组:3 mm≤RBH<5 mm,经牙槽嵴顶上颌窦底提升术后同期植入种植体7例.B组:3 mm≤RBH<5 mm,经牙槽嵴顶上颌窦底提升术+CGF后同期植入种植体9例.C组:5 mm≤RBH<8 mm,经牙槽嵴顶上颌窦底提升术后同期植入种植体12例.D组:5 mm≤RBH<8 mm,经牙槽嵴顶上颌窦底提升术+CGF后同期植入种植体10例.种植术后即刻、6个月、12个月、24个月时复查CBCT检查种植体颈缘骨水平变化,窦底提升后骨高度变化,种植体骨结合及新骨形成的情况,有无种植体周围炎,种植体及修复体的稳定性,种植义齿的并发症.结果 38例病例无上颌窦炎症反应及上颌窦黏膜穿孔,种植体骨结合良好,永久修复后种植体及修复体稳定,术后一年种植体颈缘骨水平稳定.A、B组间,C、D组间种植体稳定系数(ISQ)的平均值在术后4个月和6个月差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).A、B组间,C、D组间在术后以及随访的24个月内的上颌窦底骨提升量差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且应用CGF组窦底骨提升量分别高于A组、C组.结论 在3 mm≤RBH<8 mm时,经牙槽嵴顶上颌窦底提升术同期种植后可获得良好的骨结合,在术中应用CGF可促进上颌窦内提升同期种植后新骨形成,加快骨结合,有效增加窦底骨高度,增强种植体稳定性.     

改良上颌窦底提升术的临床应用

目的:评价改良上颌窦底提升术在处理上颌后牙区垂直骨量不足中的应用及临床效果。方法:65名上颌后牙缺失患者,共103个植入位点。上颌窦底下方的剩余牙槽骨高度为2～9mm。其中,30例剩余骨高度为5～9mm的患者,采用超声骨刀行上颌窦底内提升术;35例剩余骨高度为2～5mm的患者,行侧壁小开窗上颌窦底提升术。同期或延期植入种植体,随访9-30个月。结果:术后6个月,行上颌窦底内提升术的患者,平均提升高度为4.43mm(2.22～5.47mm);行上颌窦底外提升术的患者,平均提升高度为5.95mm(4.16～12.85mm)。103个种植位点中仅2例在术中发现黏膜穿孔,1例在戴牙后3个月出现种植体松动,其余种植体均形成良好骨结合,存留率为99%。结论:上颌窦底提升术能够有效促进上颌窦内成骨,增加上颌后牙区骨高度,超声骨刀及外提升术中小开窗术式的应用,可显著降低术中并发症的发生率、缩短手术时间、减轻患者术后反应。     

超声骨刀在上颌窦内提升术中的应用

目的:探讨超声骨刀在上颌窦底内提升种植术中应用的效果和技术特点。方法:30名患者共36颗上颌磨牙缺失,牙槽嵴顶至上颌窦底之间的剩余骨高度2～8 mm,以超声骨刀行上颌窦底内提升术,同期或延期植入种植体。结果:24名患者植骨同时植入28枚种植体。6例因剩余牙槽骨高度少于5 mm先行上颌窦提升植骨术,6个月后延期植入8枚种植体。平均上颌窦底提升高度为426 mm(213～540 mm)。36个上颌窦提升位点,仅1例出现上颌窦黏膜穿孔,以Bio-Gide胶原膜修补。术后随访未发现种植体周围阴影或快速骨吸收。所有病例随访3～17个月,未见种植体脱落或松动现象。结论:超声骨刀上颌窦内提升术简单易学,避免了开窗式上颌窦提升术的术后反应,降低了上颌窦黏膜穿孔的机率,值得在临床上推广应用。     

超声骨刀在闭合式上颌窦底提升牙种植术中的临床应用

目的:探讨超声骨刀在闭合式上颌窦底提升种植术应用效果和技术特点.方法:对20例共33颗上颌后牙缺失的患者,牙槽嵴顶至上颌窦底之间的剩余骨高度在2～7mm,无法植入足够长度的种植体,以超声骨刀行闭合式上颌窦底提升术,在获得初期稳定时同时植入种植体.结果:18例植骨同时植入30颗种植体,2例因骨高度<4mm,故先植骨,6～8个月后再植入3颗种植体.术前、术后X线片比较平均提升上颌窦底高度5.8mm(2.6～14.0mm).术后各时期X线片未发现植骨处或种植体周围阴影.追踪4～19个月,未见种植体脱落或松动现象.结论:以超声骨刀行闭合式上颌窦底提升种植术手术创伤小,患者不适感低,简便、易行、安全,值得推广.     

超声骨刀在上颌窦底外提升术中的临床应用观察

目的：探讨超声骨刀在开窗式上颌窦底外提升术中应用的临床效果及安全性。方法：对29名患者30侧行上颌窦底开窗式外提升术,用超声骨刀开窗,植入种植体共53枚（同期植入47枚,延期植入6枚）,6～8月后完成上部修复。修复后3、6及12个月复查。结果：术前平均剩余牙槽突高度为4．46 mm,术后平均提升高度为7．34 mm,植入53枚植体,没有发生黏膜穿孔。术后随访3～18个月没有发生种植体周围炎、种植体周围黏膜炎及种植体松动脱落。X线片显示种植体周围骨结合良好。种植体存留率及手术成功率均为100％。结论：超声骨刀在上颌窦底开窗式外提升术中安全可靠。     

冲压式上颌窦底提升术使用或不使用植骨材料的临床对比研究

本研究的目的是评估采用冲压式上颌窦底提升术使用或不使用植骨材料植入上颌后牙区的远期效果及种植体周围骨改建情况。研究回顾了2002.12～2007.6年期间于北京口腔医院种植中心共91例患者,他们进行了上颌后牙区的冲压式上颌窦底提升术,共植入108颗种植体,其中47例患者植入Bio-oss骨粉后同期植入57颗种植体(植骨组),44例患者未植入任何植骨材料共植入51颗种植体(不植骨组),     

压电超声骨刀在23例上颌窦提升术中的应用

目的:总结压电超声骨刀在上颌窦提升开窗手术中的临床应用,探讨其手术特点及术中注意的问题。方法:对符合上颌窦外提升术标准(种植区骨高度为5～8mm)的23例患者(24侧),进行了上颌窦外提升手术,术中应用压电超声骨刀进行上颌窦开窗手术,黏膜提升,填入人工骨粉,同期植入种植体。结果:24侧上颌窦提升手术,其中1侧由于术中操作不当,出现黏膜穿孔,终止手术;其余23侧均成功地进行了上颌窦提升,黏膜穿孔率仅为4.2%,并同期植入种植体48个,愈合期内(手术后10d拆线时)无感染及创口裂开等并发症。结论:应用压电超声骨刀进行上颌窦外提升手术,快捷、安全、可靠。     

Maxillary sinus augmentation using sinus membrane elevation and peripheral venous blood for implant-supported rehabilitation of the atrophic posterior maxilla: case series

Background Dental implants need appropriate bone volume for adequate stability in the rehabilitation after tooth loss. In the severely atrophic posterior maxilla, the clinical success of implant treatment sometimes requires a vertical ridge augmentation in the maxillary sinus floor. Purpose The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate a maxillary sinus floor augmentation technique using a replaceable bone window, elevation of the membrane, placement of implants, and injection of the patient’s own venous blood to fill the voids. Materials and Methods Six patients with need of maxillary sinus floor augmentation participated in the study. After preparation of a replaceable bone window in the lateral aspect of the sinus and careful elevation of the Schneiderian membrane, a total of 14 Brånemark implants (TiUnite, MK III, Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden) were installed in the residual bone penetrating into the sinus cavity. The sinus cavity was then filled with peripheral venous blood and the bone window replaced and stabilized with a medical tissue glue (Aron Alpha A, Sankyo, Inc., Tokyo, Japan) to prevent blood leakage from the created compartment in the maxillary sinus. Results After a healing period of a minimum of 6 months, new bone was successfully generated in all 14 implant sites as judged from radiographs. One of the 14 implants failed, corresponding to a survival rate of 92.9% after a follow‐up period ranging 12 to 34 months. Conclusions The present case series demonstrate that the creation of a secluded space in the maxillary sinus and filling with venous blood results in bone formation at simultaneously installed dental implants over a 6‐month period.     

犬上颌窦内提升植骨与不植骨的成骨效果比较

目的:比较内镜下犬上颌窦内提升植骨与不植骨的成骨效果。方法:随机将6只比格犬（共12侧上颌窦）分为2组, A组为上颌窦内提升+即刻种植（3.5 mm×8 mm）,B组为上颌窦内提升+Bio-Oss（0.8 mL）+即刻种植（3.5 mm×8 mm）。利用CT、Micro-CT以及组织学评价2组术后上颌窦内和种植体周围成骨情况。采用SAS 9.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果:术后切口愈合良好,无感染等并发症发生。A组术后即刻、3个月的CT数据重建上颌窦内成骨体积和密度显著低于B组。Micro-CT和组织学切片均证实,A组的成骨仅在种植体周围的下部,而中部和上部未见明显骨质;而B组的种植体周围均包绕着适量骨质。2组中上部和中部新骨面积存在显著差异（P<0.05）;下部新骨面积无显著差异（P>0.05）。结论:上颌窦内提升不植骨时仅在窦底有一定量的新骨形成,为了达到良好的术后和远期效果,建议在行内提升术时适当植入骨粉。     

The use of autologous venous blood for maxillary sinus floor augmentation in conjunction with sinus membrane elevation: an experimental study

Background: There have been reports of successful bone formation with sinus floor elevation induced by simply elevating the maxillary sinus membrane and filling the sinus cavity with a blood clot. Purpose: We investigated the feasibility of maxillary sinus floor augmentation using the patient's own venous blood in conjunction with a sinus membrane elevation procedure. Materials and methods: An implant that protruded 8 mm into the maxillary sinus after sinus membrane elevation was placed in the maxillary sinus of six adult female mongrel dogs. The resulting space between the membrane and the sinus floor was filled with autologous venous blood retrieved from each dog. The implants were left in place for 6 months. Results: During the experimental period, the created space collapsed and the sinus membrane fell down onto the implant. A small amount of new bone formation occurred in the space created by the collapsed membrane. The average height of newly formed bone around the implants in the sinus was 2.7±0.7 mm on the buccal side and 0.6±0.3 mm on the palatal side. Conclusion: The results of this pilot study indicate that blood clots do not have sufficient integrity to enable the sinus membrane to remain in an elevated position for therapeutically effective periods of time. Accordingly, it is recommended that this method be used only when a small aount of new bone formation is necessary around implants in the maxillary sinus cavity. To cite this article:
Kim H‐R, Choi B‐H, Xuan F, Jeong S‐M. The use of autologous venous blood for maxillary sinus floor augmentation in conjunction with sinus membrane elevation: an experimental study.
Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21 , 2010; 346–349.
doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2009.01855.x     

上颌窦外提升术在口腔种植术中的应用

目的:探讨上颌窦提升术在口腔种植术中的应用以扩大口腔种植术中的应用范围。方法:25例患者通过上颌窦提升术同期或延期植入种植体31枚,术中患者使用了Bio-Oss胶原质作为骨移植材料,采用非埋入式种植技术。结果:术后6个月,上颌窦底提高4-6mm,所有病例完成修复后,随访6-24各月,x线检查窦底骨质无明显吸收,种植体骨结合良好,无松动脱落,修复效果满意。结论:上颌窦提升术扩大了口腔种植术的应用范围。     

上颌窦底黏膜下放置传统成骨诱导剂及人工骨粉提升上颌窦底的临床观察

目的:在上颌窦外提升术中探讨一种快速、高效的上颌窦底垂直高度增加骨的方法。方法:将需行上颌窦外提升的36例患者,随机分为两组,在上颌窦底外提升术中,实验组采用传统的骨诱导剂(地塞米松、β磷酸钠、维生素C)+人工骨粉填充上颌窦底;对照组采用人工骨粉填充上颌窦底,分别在术后即刻、术后1周、1月、2月、3月、6月拍曲面断层X线片,了解骨生长情况及并发症发生情况,并对X线片测量后作两组患者上颌窦增高值的比较。结果:术后所有患者无并发症发生,影像学检查发现实验组成骨速度明显快于对照组,实验组在3月时基本上即为成熟骨影像资料,对照组在3月时成熟骨基本形成,中间部分有少量低密度影,约占总面积15%,定位影像测量数据显示,实验组术中上颌窦底骨量平均增高11.0333 mm,对照组为10.0444 mm,统计学比较显示有显著差异。结论:采用传统成骨诱导剂+人工骨粉提升上颌窦底的方法,在快速成骨及成骨的有效性方面明显优于单纯的人工骨粉上颌窦底填充法。     

上颌窦提升术同期或延期牙种植的早期临床评价

目的对上颌窦提升术同期或延期牙种植进行早期临床评价。方法37例患者38侧上颌窦进行上颌窦提升同期或延期牙种植,种植体上部结构修复完成后6～36个月定期复查。结果观察期内同期牙种植27侧上颌窦共59颗种植体,松动、脱落1颗,成功率为98.3%。延期牙种植上颌窦11侧共23颗种植体,全部成功。除1颗失败种植体外,其余同期或延期植入的种植体均无松动或脱落,经X线片检查显示植入骨材料改建良好,种植体周围未见明显骨吸收阴影。结论上颌窦提升术同期或延期牙种植的早期临床效果无明显差异。     

A clinical long-term radiographic evaluation of graft height changes after maxillary sinus floor augmentation with a 2:1 autogenous bone/xenograft mixture and simultaneous placement of dental implants

The aim of the present study was to assess long-term changes in sinus-graft height after maxillary sinus floor augmentation and simultaneous placement of implants. A total of 191 patients who underwent maxillary sinus floor augmentation were radiographically followed for up to about 10 years. A 2 : 1 mixture of autogenous bone and bovine xenograft (Bio-Oss) was used as the graft material. Sinus-graft height was measured using 294 panoramic images immediately after augmentation and up to 108 months subsequently. Changes in sinus-graft height were calculated with respect to implant length and original sinus height. Patients were divided into three groups based on the height of the grafted sinus floor relative to the implant apex: Group I, in which the grafted sinus floor was above the implant apex; Group II, in which the implant apex was level with the grafted sinus floor; and Group III, in which the grafted sinus floor was below the implant apex. After augmentation, the grafted sinus floor was consistently located above the implant apex. After 2-3 years, the grafted sinus floor was level with or slightly below the implant apex. This relationship was maintained over the long term. Sinus-graft height decreased significantly and approached original sinus height. The proportion of patients classified as belonging to Group III reached a maximum from year 3 onwards. The clinical survival rate of implants was 94.2%. All implant losses occurred within 3 years after augmentation. We conclude that progressive sinus pneumatization occurs after augmentation with a 2 : 1 autogenous bone/xenograft mixture, and long-term stability of sinus-graft height represents an important factor for implant success.     

Bio-Oss骨粉在上颌窦提升牙种植术中的临床应用

目的：评价上颌窦提升，植Bio-Oss骨粉在上颌后牙种植的方法和效果。方法：对11例牙槽骨高度不足的上颌后牙种植进行上颌窦提升，植Bio-Oss骨粉，同期种植7例，延期种植4例。结果：6个月后，X线片显示Bio-Oss骨粉改建形成了新骨，增加了牙槽骨高度，满足了种植要求，7例同期种植可见种植体与Bio-Oss诱导的新骨形成紧密的骨性结合，种植体植入9个月后进行二期修复。结论：Bio-Oss骨粉植入提升上颌窦增加了上颌后牙区的牙槽骨高度，拓展了种植的适应证，免疫除了自体取骨手术，方法简单，值得临床推广。     

Maxillary sinus augmentation with the xenograft Bio-Oss and autogenous intraoral bone for qualitative improvement of the implant site: a histologic and histomorphometric clinical study in humans

The aim of the present clinical study was to determine, through histologic and histomorphometric investigations of human bone specimens, whether the addition of autogenous bone to the bone substitute material Bio-Oss can produce a high-quality implant site. To improve vertical bone height, 13 sinus floor elevations were carried out in a total of 12 patients. Augmentation of the maxillary sinus floor was completed using a mixture of Bio-Oss and bone harvested intraorally from the mandibular symphysis, the retromolar space, or the tuberosity region. Following an average of 7.1 months of healing, 36 Br?nemark System implants were placed. During this surgical intervention, 23 cylinder-shaped bone biopsies were taken from the augmented maxillary region using trephine burs. Histologic analysis of the bone biopsies revealed that the Bio-Oss granulate was well-integrated into the newly formed bone; 33.1% (+/- 12.4%) of the substitute material surface was in direct contact with bone. Histomorphometric analysis of the samples revealed an average percentage proportion of bone of 18.9% (+/- 6.4%). The bovine substitute material and soft tissue occupied, respectively, 29.6% (+/- 8.9%) and 51.5% (+/- 9.4%) of the measured surface. When the implants were uncovered after an average healing phase of 6 months, all 36 implants had become osseointegrated. The combination of osteoconductive Bio-Oss and osteoinductive autogenous bone thus proved to be a material suitable for application in sinus floor augmentation.     

上颌窦外提升在口腔种植术中的应用

目地：探讨上颌窦外提升术在口腔种植手术中的应用,以扩大口腔种植术的适应证。方法：2007年5月-2012年12月对41例患者,通过上颌窦外提升术同期或延期植入86枚Itl种植体,使用Bio—Oss人工骨作为骨移植材料,采用非埋入式种植技术。结果：41例患者中2例发生上颌窦黏膜破裂,86枚种植体均完成种植修复,随访至2012年底,种植修复体无松动脱落,临床修复效果满意。结论：上颌窦外提升术可以扩大口腔种植的适应症。