阵发性心房颤动的射频导管消融大静脉电隔离治疗

目的报道阵发性心房颤动(房颤)的射频导管消融电隔离肺静脉和腔静脉的疗效。方法阵发性房颤患者36例,年龄(42.5±13.2)岁。经1次房间隔穿刺放置环状标测电极导管(Lasso导管)和冷盐水灌注消融导管,在Lasso导管的指导下,采用全肺静脉或上腔静脉与靶静脉节段性电隔离相结合的方法对肺静脉和腔静脉行标测和电隔离治疗。窦性心律时最早激动的肺静脉和腔静脉电位处和/或心房起搏时最短的心房和静脉电位间期处为靶点行消融。结果36例阵发性房颤患者均接受一次电隔离治疗,共电隔离大静脉115根,其中左上肺静脉34根,左下肺静脉22根,右上肺静脉30根,右下肺静脉17根,上腔静脉12根,即刻电隔离成功率为95.6%,术中并发症发生率2.78%。随访3~22个月,成功率(无房颤发作或房颤发作明显减少)为75.0%。结论射频导管消融电隔离肺静脉或腔静脉与心房间的电活动连接,可有效预防房颤的复发。治疗的关键是消融靶点的标测和确定。     

电生理标测指导下肺静脉电隔离术治疗慢性心房颤动

目的探讨电生理标测指导下的肺静脉电隔离术治疗慢性心房颤动(房颤)的可行性.方法 20例慢性房颤患者,男14例,女6例,年龄56～72岁(平均68±7岁);房颤病史1～9年(平均3±7年),经过至少一次的体外同步心脏电复律,房颤均在30 min内复发.电生理标测指导下的肺静脉隔离方法为(1)最早激动点指导下消融.肺静脉内的Basket导管记录的心房电活动显示节律较规整,激动顺序一致.(2)房颤长间歇(连续记录的最长心房电活动间期>300 ms)指导下消融.肺静脉内电位节律紊乱,激动顺序不一致,房颤长间歇后的第一次心脏搏动的最早激动部位为消融靶点.(3)3型房颤波指导下的消融.房颤频率快,肺静脉内Basket导管记录的电活动激动顺序紊乱,部分电极记录的心内电图等电位线消失而不能确定孤立的心房电活动(3型房颤),此部位作为消融靶点.在房颤过程中完成4支肺静脉电隔离后,房颤不能自发终止者应用体外同步电复律.重新将Basket 导管放入肺静脉,仍记录到肺静脉电位者将在窦性心律下完成电隔离.结果 (1)临床结果所有患者在肺静脉隔离后成功转复为窦性心律,其中1例患者自行转复为窦性心律,2例患者转为心房扑动,经右心房峡部消融后转为窦性心律,余患者经体外同步电复律转为窦性心律.随访3～19个月(平均8±9个月),维持窦性心律者9例(45%),11例(55%)患者复发,无有症状性的肺静脉狭窄.(2)消融结果20例患者的76 支肺静脉电隔离被完成.68支(89.5%)肺静脉电隔离在房颤中完成,其中的23支肺静脉在窦性心律时记录到肺静脉电位,继续在窦性心律下消融,均完成电隔离;8支(10.5%)在房颤时未能完成电隔离的肺静脉,在窦性心律下成功隔离.手术时间4.2～7.6 h(平均5.3±3.7 h),平均X线曝光时间2.7 h,无栓塞、心包填塞及肺静脉狭窄等严重并发症.结论 (1)电生理指导下的肺静脉隔离治疗慢性房颤仍能达到较高的临床成功率.(2)电生理指导下的肺静脉隔离是安全可行的.(3)房颤过程中隔离的肺静脉仍需要在窦性心律下被重新证实.(4)在房颤过程中较难隔离的肺静脉可在转复窦性心律后进行隔离.     

射频导管消融肺静脉电隔离过程中残存静脉电位的鉴别诊断

心房颤动(房颤)的非药物治疗是近年来的研究热点，国内外许多临床研究证明应用射频导管消融技术成功电隔离肺静脉可以有效预防房颤的复发。环状标测导管指导下的节段性消融肺静脉电隔离成功的指标为，窦性心律或心房内不同部位起搏时肺静脉电位消失、静脉与心房之间的电活动分离。在肺静脉电隔离过程中常碰到较明显的静脉电位被成功消融后，     

节段性肺静脉电隔离治疗阵发性心房颤动的方法学

目的 对阵发性心房颤动(房颤)经药物治疗无效并接受射频导管消融治疗的患者，采用经改良的节段性电隔离方法隔离肺静脉进行治疗，并研究该方法的有效性及安全性。方法 61例阵发房颤患者采用一次房间隔穿刺技术，分别送入标测及消融电极导管。应用猪尾造影导管用高压注射器非选择性左心房造影显示肺静脉开口及左心耳位置，指导导管行进方向以减少心脏压塞风险。标测中常规探查、标测右下肺静脉，避免遗漏可能触发房颤的肺静脉电位。在肺静脉与左心房之间肺静脉电位优势传导部位用温控导管或冷盐水灌注导管做多点消融形成节段性隔离。结果 单个节段或多个节段消融可使肺静脉与左心房之间形成完全性电隔离，使肺静脉电位消失。节段性隔离靶肺静脉173根，即刻成功168根，成功率97．1％。术中2例发生心脏压塞，1例左上肺静脉狭窄60％。结论 节段性电隔离肺静脉法可有效隔离肺静脉，可替代点状隔离和环状隔离方法。与其他传统方法比较，手术时间短、成功率高，可明显减少肺静脉的损伤和避免肺静脉狭窄的发生。     

心房纤维化与非阵发性心房颤动的导管消融

以心房纤维化为主要特征的结构重构在非阵发性心房颤动(简称房颤)的发生、进展及维持中起重要作用。非阵发性房颤的消融策略主要为在环肺静脉电隔离基础上附加线性消融、碎裂电位消融、自主神经节丛消融、转子消融等,各消融策略的确切效果仍有待进一步研究;窦性心律下,左房纤维化心肌经高密度电压标测后主要表现为低电压区和瘢痕区。环肺静脉电隔离联合电压标测指导的个体化消融策略有望进一步提高非阵发性房颤的消融成功率。     

联合应用磁共振扫描与三维电解剖标测系统图像融合技术及Lasso导管标测技术指导环肺静脉隔离治疗心房颤动

目的报道联合应用三维电解剖标测系统图像融合技术(Carto-Merge)及Lasso导管标测技术指导环肺静脉电隔离术治疗心房颤动(房颤)的结果。方法共入选56例症状明显、药物治疗无效的阵发性房颤患者,男性41例,女性15例,平均年龄58·5±12·7岁。应用Carto-Merge技术定位肺静脉口,之后环双侧肺静脉前庭线形消融左心房,终点为Lasso导管所标测的同侧肺静脉电位消失或肺静脉电位与心房电活动的分离。结果全组患者的电解剖标测点与影像图像(MRI)的空间差距均值1·79±0·33mm。首次手术的肺静脉隔离率为92·9%(52/56)。经随访18·3±5·7个月,有73·2%的患者(41/56)仍维持窦性心律。10例患者接受再次消融;经再次随访8·2±6·9个月,8位患者仍维持窦性心律。无一例患者出现肺静脉狭窄。结论联合应用Carto-Merge及Lasso导管标测技术,可有效地确保肺静脉的隔离,降低肺静脉狭窄等并发症的发生率。     

12通道生理记录仪在射频导管消融治疗心房纤颤中的作用

目的 研究12通道心电生理记录仪在左房环状线性(线)消融、肺静脉口节段性(段)电隔离术加局灶性(点)消融法(简称线-段-点法)治疗心房纤颤(房颤)中的作用.方法 使用12通道心电生理记录仪,在双Lasso电极标测下分别在左房环状线性消融左右侧上下肺静脉口周围,肺静脉口壶腹部节段性消融丛状电位,最后标测和点状消融提前的单相电位(在肺静脉内或心房内和腔静脉口).结果 26例患者均行肺静脉开口外环状线性消融.电隔离肺静脉共89条.行点状消融共25例.26例中20例所有异常电位消失,6例肺静脉内仍有高耸的异常电位,但已达到传出阻滞.手术即刻成功率100%.随访4～8个月,24例(92%)未发作房颤;2例(8%)术后仍有房颤发作,服用抗心律失常药物后房颤发作明显减少.所有病例未发生并发症.结论 采用12通道心电生理记录仪能够达到"线-段-点联合消融法"治疗房颤的要求,方法简单,成功率高,是目前我国大多数医院所具备的常规电生理检测仪.     

阵发性心房颤动节段性肺静脉电隔离方法学评价

目的评价经改良的节段性电隔离肺静脉方法治疗阵发性心房颤动的有效性及安全性.方法 39例阵发心房颤动患者,男性28例,女性11例,采用一次房间隔穿刺技术,送入标测及消融电极,并选用猪尾造影导管用高压非选择性造影显示肺静脉开口及左心耳位置,指导导管行进方向以减少心脏压塞风险.标测中常规探查、标测右下肺静脉,避免遗漏可能触发心房颤动的肺静脉电位.在肺静脉电位优势传导部位消融并轻微移动形成节段性电隔离.结果单个节段或多个节段消融可使肺静脉与左心房之间形成完全性电隔离.节段性隔离靶肺静脉85根,即刻成功81根,成功率95%,无并发症发生.结论节段性电隔离肺静脉法可有效隔离肺静脉,与其他传统方法比较,手术时间短、成功率高,可减少肺静脉的损伤和避免肺静脉狭窄的发生.     

三维标测系统指引导管消融治疗心房颤动——单中心800例总结

目的评价三维标测系统(CARTO或EnSite-NavX)指引导管消融治疗心房颤动(房颤)的总体疗效和安全性。方法2004年9月至2006年12月期间入选800例房颤患者,男性482例,女性318例,平均年龄62.1±15.6(18～82)岁。其中阵发性房颤611例,持续性房颤189例,平均左心房内径38.4±9.2(30～60)mm。采用EnSite-NavX系统260例,CARTO系统540例。对于阵发性房颤采取环肺静脉前庭电隔离,对于持续性房颤采取环肺静脉前庭电隔离 心房碎裂电位消融 二尖瓣峡部消融。术后口服华法林及ⅠC类和Ⅲ类抗心律失常药物1～3个月,每月随访心电图、24小时动态心电图一次。对于术后1个月的房颤或房性心动过速(房速)复发进行再次标测和消融。结果795例完成手术。平均手术时间161±33(140～245)min,X线透视时间17±13(12～45)min。左肺静脉电隔离率为96.5%,右肺静脉电隔离率为98.6%。阵发性房颤术中发作98例,消融终止房颤90例。阵发性房颤术后2周内早期复发137例(22.5%),103例2周后不再发作,共57例接受再次消融(6例接受三次消融)。持续性房颤环肺静脉消融恢复窦性心律30例(16.1%),转变为房速/心房扑动(房扑)15例(8.1%)。心房碎裂电位消融恢复窦性心律20例(10.8%),转变为房速/房扑23例(12.4%)。持续性房颤术后早期复发78例(41.9%),14例随访中不再发作。65例再次消融(10例接受三次消融)。所有病例房颤消融术后房扑/房速104例(13.1%),68例随访中自愈,30例再次消融,23例消融成功。并发症:心脏压塞5例(0.6%,3例内科保守治疗成功,2例外科修补),肺静脉狭窄6例(0.7%),一过性脑缺血(TIA)1例,脑栓塞2例,肠系膜动脉栓塞1例。血胸1例,气胸1例。股动脉假性动脉瘤3例,股动静脉瘘1例。术后平均随访16.2±5.7(3～27)个月,阵发性房颤550例(90.3%)无房性快速性心律失常发作(9.4%再次消融,11.5%口服抗心律失常药物);持续性房颤159例(85.5%)无房性快速心律失常发作(34.9%再次消融,28.5%服用抗心律失常药物)。结论三维标测系统(CARTO或EnSite-NavX)指引导管消融治疗房颤疗效较高,安全性好。对于阵发房颤采用环肺静脉前庭电隔离术式即有良好效果;对于持续性房颤结合碎裂电位消融、二尖瓣峡部消融等方法,而且40%患者需要多次消融以提高成功率。     

阵发性心房颤动患者肺静脉与心房电连接特征的临床研究

顽固性阵发性房颤患者43例,在环状标测电极指导下行肺静脉电位(PVP)记录和分析,并对能标测到PVP的肺静脉进行开口部的点或段的消融电隔离治疗。根据窦性心律和心房起搏下的肺静脉内环形标测电极导管标测到的PVP的激动顺序,以及有效放电对PVP的影响,分析和总结肺静脉与心房之间的电连接特点。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Angiographic diagnosis of the degree of serosal invasion of carcinoma of the colon

Angiography using Prostaglandin El^® was performed on 38 patients with carcinoma of the colon in order to diagnose the degree of serosal cancer invasion. The findings at angiography were classified into four groups:1) AG-S3, abnormal change (irregularity and/or encasement) up to marginal vessels; 2) AG-S2, abnormality up to vasa recta; 3) AG-S1, abnormality of penetrating branches of vasa recta within the wall of the colon; and 4) AG-S0, no distinct findings of abovementioned vessels. These angiographic findings were compared with both macroscopic and microscopic serosal cancer invasion. Angiographic diagnosis is in accord with the macroscopic findings in 84.2 percent of cases. Angiographic diagnosis is in accord with the microscopic findings in 32.4 percent of cases. Macroscopic findings confirm the angiographic diagnosis precisely but the conflict with microscopic findings should not be overlooked. This may be the result of inflammatory change, adhesion, and fibrosis around carcinoma of the colon.