成人与儿童分泌性中耳炎患者的听力状况比较

目的比较成人与儿童分泌性中耳炎(SOM)患者听力状况的差异。方法选择成人SOM患者62例(101耳),其中,≤44岁组30例(46耳),45～58岁组32例(55耳),儿童(年龄6～17岁)SOM患者36例(59耳),采用纯音测听、声导抗检测两组患者的听力状况,并进行比较。结果成人组中≤44岁组、45～58岁组及儿童SOM患者纯音气导(0.5～4kHz)平均听阈分别为32.54±10.33、37.34±13.21、26.36±8.36dB HL,儿童组与成人组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);三组骨导听阈分别为21.63±11.45、36.21±11.25、3.75±1.32dBHL,儿童组与成人组比较差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01),成人≤44岁组与45～58岁组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);三组气骨导差值分别为10.91±4.67、4.87±0.14、22.61±11.36dB,儿童组与成人组比较差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01),成人组≤44岁组与45～58岁组比较差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。声导抗检查鼓室导抗图成人C型31耳,B型70耳,其中混合性听力损失75耳,传导性听力损失26耳。儿童患者中,鼓室导抗图C型23耳,B型36耳,均为传导性听力损失。结论成人SOM患者多为混合性听力损失,儿童以传导性听力损失为主,成人SOM患者听力损失程度较儿童重,且骨导听阈提高明显。     

瞬态耳声发射的高频分析

目的：研究瞬态耳声发射(TEOAE)在高频区域的临床应用价值及与纯音测听听力检查的相关性。方法：应用耳声发射测试仪检测正常组和高频听力损失组高频区域的TEOAE各频段平均强度;应用纯音听力计检测各频率点的纯音听阈值,比较两者的变化趋势。结果：TEOAE在1．5～4．5kHz高频范围内,正常组与高频听力损失组的耳声发射平均强度差异有统计学意义,与纯音听阈检查结果有一定的相关性。两种检查中,高频听力损失组的两个指标变化趋势相一致。结论：临床上,结合纯音电测听结果,可使TEOAE更为准确客观地判断患者高频区域听力损失的程度和范围。     

儿童与成人慢性化脓性中耳炎的临床分析

目的:探讨儿童与成人慢性化脓性中耳炎(CSOM)在病程、临床特征、手术等方面的异同。方法:对85例(118耳)成人和66例(81耳)儿童CSOM患者术前临床资料及手术病变范围、听骨损坏程度等方面进行对比分析。结果:儿童组并发症的发生率较成人组高,耳源性颅内并发症少见;病变以外耳道肉芽多见,中耳病变范围较成人组广,肉芽与胆脂瘤混合,听小骨损坏程度较成人组重。结论:儿童CSOM较成人并发症多,病变范围较广泛,听骨破坏重,手术方式选择以彻底清除病变为主要目的,在此前提下尽可能重建听力。     

煤矿井下噪声暴露工人扩展高频测听

目的 探讨扩展高频纯音听阈在听力监测及早期发现噪声性听力损害中的价值.方法 对73名(142耳)耳科正常者(对照组)和78名(154耳)煤矿井下噪声暴露工人(实验组,其中常频纯音听阈正常组45名90耳,常频纯音听阈异常组33名64耳),行常频纯音测听、扩展高频纯音(0.5～16kHz)测听,将两组结果进行比较.结果实验组纯音听阈在4.0、6.0 kHz及扩展高频区与对照组比较明显升高,扩展高频未检出率逐渐增加,差异有显著意义(P＜0.05);常频纯音听阈正常的实验组与对照组比较,其扩展高频听阈升高,未检出率在14 kHz开始升高,差异有显著意义(P＜0.05);常频听阈异常的实验组与对照组比较,扩展高频听阈升高,未检出率在11.2 kHz开始增加,差异均有显著意义(P＜0.01).结论 扩展高频测听可用于噪声性聋的早期诊断和听力监测.     

中青年与老年慢性化脓性中耳炎及中耳胆脂瘤患者听力学特点及区别

目的 探讨中青年与老年慢性化脓性中耳炎及中耳胆脂瘤患者听力学特点及区别。方法 回顾性研究单侧慢性化脓性中耳炎或中耳胆脂瘤中青年(18～59岁)患者74例、老年(≥60岁)患者68例(语频段0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0 kHz)纯音测听结果, 分析其患耳与对侧耳、不同年龄组间患者听力学特征和区别。结果 中青年患者患耳各语频气、骨导阈值均高于对侧耳, 老年患者患耳气导、除4.0 kHz外的骨导高于对侧耳。老年患者各语频气、骨导耳间差均明显大于中青年患者。非胆脂瘤组、听骨链正常组老年患者耳间差在0.5、1.0、2.0 kHz气导、4.0 kHz骨导高于中青年患者。胆脂瘤组、听骨链中断组老年患者各语频气、骨导耳间差均明显大于中青年患者。结论 慢性化脓性中耳炎及中耳胆脂瘤对中青年、老年患者的气、骨导均可产生损害, 对老年患者的损害比中青年患者严重。中耳病变越严重, 老年患者比中青年患者听力受损的程度越高。     

慢性化脓性中耳炎的听骨链病变及对听力的影响

目的:探讨慢性化脓性中耳炎的听骨病变特点、听骨链完整性的判断及对骨导听力的影响.方法:对148例(176耳)慢性化脓性中耳炎患者行术前纯音测听,术中显微镜下观察听骨链病变.结果:骨疡型、胆脂瘤型中耳炎和鼓膜松弛部穿孔者听骨链多有破坏,松弛部穿孔先破坏锤砧关节,紧张部穿孔先破坏砧镫关节.慢性化脓性中耳炎听骨链完整、活动好52耳,听骨链中断或固定124耳.听骨链完好与听骨链病变者语频段气导听阈、气骨导差比较均差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.01).语频段骨导听阈比较无差异,两者高频骨导听阈均提高.结论:骨疡型、胆脂瘤型中耳炎听骨链多有破坏.语频段气导听阈在40 dB以内,气骨导差在30 dB以内者,听骨链大多完好.气导听阈在55 dB以上,气骨导差在40 dB以上者,听骨链多有中断或固定.慢性化脓性中耳炎可伴有高频骨导听力下降.     

122例慢性化脓性中耳炎患者术前骨导听力分析

 目的探讨慢性化脓性中耳炎对骨导听力的影响。方法回顾性分析122例单侧慢性化脓性中耳炎患者,同期选取对侧正常耳作为对照耳,通过对患耳与健耳、不同年龄组、单纯型与胆脂瘤型中耳炎、听骨链完好与听骨链破坏、细菌培养阳性者与阴性者,不同病理患者的术前骨导听力进行研究。所有患者进行纯音测听检查, 并对各频率骨导听阈进行统计学处理, 对影响骨导听力的因素做相关分析。结果0.5、2、4 kHz处,患耳骨导听阈值高于健耳,而低频0.25 kHz及1 kHz处患耳与健耳骨导听阈值差异不显著;随年龄增长,患耳与健耳骨导听阈值差异有逐渐缩小趋势;中耳胆脂瘤及听骨链破坏者对各频率骨导有明显影响;病程及细菌培养阳性与否对骨导听力损害差异不显著。结论①慢性化脓性中耳炎对骨导听力有明显影响,但在不同频率,损害程度有差异;②慢性化脓性中耳炎可能会影响对侧正常耳的骨导听力;③中耳胆脂瘤及听骨链破坏对骨导听力影响较大。     

慢性化脓性中耳炎患者听骨链病变与听力变化的关系

目的探讨慢性化脓性中耳炎(chronic suppurative otitis media,CSOM)患者听骨链病变特点及其与听力受损的关系。方法对146例CSOM患者术前行纯音测听、检查鼓膜穿孔部位,术中显微镜观察听骨链病变。结果 7 9例鼓膜紧张部穿孔患者听骨链完好3 6例(45.6%)、受破坏(中断或固定)43例(54.4%);67例松弛部穿孔患者听骨链完好13例(19.4%)、受破坏54例(80.6%),两组差异显著(P<0.01)。听骨链破坏组与完好组比较,各语音频道(0.5、1、2、4 kHz)气导听阈均升高(P<0.01),骨导听阈仅在2 kHz有明显升高(P<0.05),语音频道总气骨导差增大(P<0.01)。结论①CSOM紧张部穿孔者听骨链受损程度低于松弛部穿孔者。②听骨链破坏主要影响CSOM患者的气导听阈,骨导阈值仅在听骨链共振频率2 kHz处有影响。     

老年慢性化脓性中耳炎患者听力学分析

目的 探讨老年慢性化脓性中耳炎患者的听力学特点。方法 回顾性分析68例≥60岁单侧慢性化脓性中耳炎患者的语频（0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0kHz）纯音测听结果、术中所见中耳病变组织特点和听骨链病变情况、病变组织病理检查结果。结果 语频范围内,患耳气导、除4kHz外的骨导阈值均高于对侧耳;胆脂瘤患者与非胆脂瘤患者的气、骨导阈无明显差异;听骨链完好者与破坏者（中断或固定）的气导、2kHz骨导阈值差异具有统计学意义,0.5、1.0、4.0kHz骨导阈值差异不显著。结论 老年慢性化脓性中耳炎患者的听力改变有其独特性,掌握老年慢性化脓性中耳炎患者的听力学特征有助于疾病的诊治。     

分泌性中耳炎骨导听阈改变的临床观察

目的证实分泌性中耳炎可导致感音神经性聋,为临床干预分泌性中耳炎,尤其是顽固的分泌性中耳炎提供依据.方法115例(164耳)分泌性中耳炎患者治愈后或未愈患者病程中复查的纯音测听检查结果,记录0.5、1、2、4kHz频率骨导听阈,计算骨导听力损失dB数.分为单侧组66例,双侧组49例,将66例单耳患者的健耳作为对照组.结果在164耳中,出现骨导听阈提高的共94耳(57.3%).双侧组与单侧组骨导听力损失程度差异均无显著性(P>0.05);单侧组和双侧组患耳在同一频率的骨导听力损失程度相似,且平均的骨导听力损失程度也相似;不同频率之间的骨导听力损失不同,4kHz的骨导听力损失为最大.结论半数以上分泌性中耳炎可以导致感音神经性聋.在不同频率间的骨导听力损失不同,以高频损失为主,并有向语言频率区过渡的趋势.     

The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF‐C in early laryngeal cancer: relationship with radioresistance

The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF‐C in early laryngeal cancer: relationship with radioresistance Angiogenesis is essential for tumour growth and invasion. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a prime mediator of tumour angiogenesis. VEGF‐C is a closely related protein that effects lymphatic endothelial cells and may be important in the process of lymphatic metastasis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of these cytokines in patients with T1 and T2a glottic, squamous cell carcinoma, in comparison with normal epithelial control tissue, to ascertain any association with radioresistance. Twenty‐two tumours treated by radiotherapy (13 radiosensitive, nine radioresistant) and seven normal control tissues were studied. The minimum follow‐up was 2 years after radiotherapy. Expression of VEGF and VEGF‐C was evaluated by immunohistochemistry of formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded biopsy specimens. Analysis was carried out using a quantitative computer image analyser. Both VEGF and VEGF‐C were detectable in tumour and normal control specimens. There was increased expression in tumour specimens of both VEGF (P = 0.03) and VEGF‐C (P < 0.001). In addition, the expression of VEGF‐C was associated with tumours of higher histological grade (P = 0.021). There was, however, no difference in VEGF and VEGF‐C expression between radioresistant and radiosensitive tumours. The expression of VEGF and VEGF‐C is increased in early laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). However, measuring the expression of these proteins cannot predict radioresistance in this tumour group.     

Treatment of Maxillary Sinus Carcinoma: Clinical Results Using the Kitasato Modality

The conventional therapeutic regimen for maxillary sinus carcinoma consists of dissection of the maxilla, full-dose irradiation and extensive chemotherapy. However, the results obtained with this treatment are often poor. Even when patients recover, their quality of life is significantly reduced as a result of deformity of facial structures and swallowing and articulation dysfunctions. A retrospective analysis of 68 patients with maxillary sinus carcinoma treated with the Kitasato modality between 1975 and 1999 was conducted. All patients underwent pergingival maxillary sinus surgery combined with pre- and postoperative irradiation therapy with standardized total doses of 16 Gy; the postoperative irradiation was given in combination with regional intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy administered via the superficial temporal artery. All visible tumor lesions were removed where possible in order to preserve or facilitate cellular immunity after surgery. The cumulative 5-year survival rates were 85.7% for Stage II patients, 88.1% for Stage III, 76.6% for Stage IVA and 75.0% for Stage IVB.     

Tongue Base Reduction with Temperature-controlled Radiofrequency Volumetric Tissue Reduction for Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

In recent years a considerable effort has been made to establish the use of different surgical techniques for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Nevertheless, treatment of hypopharyngeal obstruction due to tongue base hypertrophy remains in many ways an unsolved problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of tongue base reduction with temperature-controlled radiofrequency volumetric tissue reduction in the treatment of OSAS. Twenty patients with OSAS and tongue base hypertrophy were treated with radiofrequency tissue ablation. An intensified treatment protocol was used, delivering 2,800 J per treatment session under local anesthesia. Two nights of polysomnography testing were performed before and after treatment. Daytime sleepiness, snoring and postoperative morbidity were assessed using questionnaires. Mean respiratory disturbance index (RDI) was reduced from 32.1 to 24.9/h after a mean of 3.4 treatment sessions. Six patients (33%) were cured after the procedure (reduction in RDI of &#83 50% and a postoperative RDI of <15/h) and ten (55%) showed an improvement of >20% in their RDI. Daytime sleepiness and snoring improved significantly. Peri- and postoperative morbidity was low; one severe complication occurred (tongue base abscess). We were able to achieve similar cure and responder rates to those reported in a recently published pilot study but with a reduced number of treatment sessions. We believe that this technique may improve patient acceptance and have beneficial cost implications.     

Cervical Reflex Induced by Click Stimuli in Cats

We studied click-evoked potentials in the anterior horn of the spinal cord in 17 cats. A concentric needle electrode was inserted into the anterior horn of the spinal cord at levels C3-C6. Potentials evoked with 105 dB SPL clicks were recorded with a peak latency of 4.89-5.10 ms only at the C3 level. These responses were observed 45-60 dB SPL above the auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold, and no potentials were evoked by stimulation of the contralateral ear. Average was performed 100 times with changes in stimulation frequency of 1-20 Hz. The amplitude of the potentials decreased with increasing stimulus frequency, but there were no changes in ABRs. The responses disappeared after destruction of the medial vestibulospinal tract at the obex level, but ABRs were still recorded. The spinal nucleus of the accessory nerves was located in the anterior horn of the spinal cord at levels C1-C6, and the sternocleidomastoid muscle motoneurons were found at levels C1-C3. The click-evoked potentials recorded in this study reflect responses of the spinal nucleus of accessory nerves through the vestibulospinal tract to click stimulation. The responses have the same characteristics as vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials that can be recorded using surface electrodes over the sternocleidomastoid muscles of humans.     

Lack of significant estrogen and progesterone receptor expression in nasal telangiectasias in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: an immunohistochemical analysis

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by snoring and apnea during sleep leading to decreased oxygen saturation and disturbed sleep, excessive daytime sleepiness and neuropsychological disturbances. This study investigates cognitive neuropsychological abilities in a group of 53 OSAS patients before and after treatment with uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. General intellectual ability, verbal learning and memory as well as executive functioning were measured at baseline and 6 months postoperatively. After surgery there were significant improvements in verbal learning and memory (mean change - 39, SD 57.3, p <0.001), recall (mean change - 24.3, SD 39.3, p <0.001) and executive functioning (as assessed by percentage of errors on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; mean change-9.1, SD 15.7, p <0.001). These improvements were in accordance with improvements in the degree of sleep apnea, the oxygen desaturation index (mean change -9.7, SD 15.9, p <0.001) and arterial minimum oxygen saturation (mean change 4.5%, SD 10.2%, p <0.01). Surgical treatment seems to improve verbal learning, memory and recall and executive functions in parallel with better oxygenation in OSAS.     

Measurement of chemosensory function

Although hundreds of thousands of patients seek medical help annually for disorders of taste and smell, relatively few medical practitioners quantitatively test their patients' chemosensory function, taking their complaints at face value. This is clearly not the approach paid to patients complaining of visual, hearing, or balance problems. Accurate chemosensory testing is essential to establish the nature, degree, and veracity of a patient's complaint, as well as to aid in counseling and in monitoring the effectiveness of treatment strategies and decisions. In many cases, patients perseverate on chemosensory loss that objective assessment demonstrates has resolved. In other cases, patients are malingering. Olfactory testing is critical for not only establishing the validity and degree of the chemosensory dysfunction, but for helping patients place their dysfunction into perspective relative to the function of their peer group. It is well established, for example, that olfactory dysfunction is the rule, rather than the exception, in members of the older population. Moreover, it is now apparent that such dysfunction can be an early sign of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Importantly, older anosmics are three times more likely to die over the course of an ensuring five-year period than their normosmic peers, a situation that may be averted in some cases by appropriate nutritional and safety counseling. This review provides the clinician, as well as the academic and industrial researcher, with an overview of the available means for accurately assessing smell and taste function, including up-to-date information and normative data for advances in this field.