成人与儿童分泌性中耳炎患者的听力状况比较

目的比较成人与儿童分泌性中耳炎(SOM)患者听力状况的差异。方法选择成人SOM患者62例(101耳),其中,≤44岁组30例(46耳),45～58岁组32例(55耳),儿童(年龄6～17岁)SOM患者36例(59耳),采用纯音测听、声导抗检测两组患者的听力状况,并进行比较。结果成人组中≤44岁组、45～58岁组及儿童SOM患者纯音气导(0.5～4kHz)平均听阈分别为32.54±10.33、37.34±13.21、26.36±8.36dB HL,儿童组与成人组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);三组骨导听阈分别为21.63±11.45、36.21±11.25、3.75±1.32dBHL,儿童组与成人组比较差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01),成人≤44岁组与45～58岁组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);三组气骨导差值分别为10.91±4.67、4.87±0.14、22.61±11.36dB,儿童组与成人组比较差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01),成人组≤44岁组与45～58岁组比较差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。声导抗检查鼓室导抗图成人C型31耳,B型70耳,其中混合性听力损失75耳,传导性听力损失26耳。儿童患者中,鼓室导抗图C型23耳,B型36耳,均为传导性听力损失。结论成人SOM患者多为混合性听力损失,儿童以传导性听力损失为主,成人SOM患者听力损失程度较儿童重,且骨导听阈提高明显。     

瞬态耳声发射的高频分析

目的：研究瞬态耳声发射(TEOAE)在高频区域的临床应用价值及与纯音测听听力检查的相关性。方法：应用耳声发射测试仪检测正常组和高频听力损失组高频区域的TEOAE各频段平均强度;应用纯音听力计检测各频率点的纯音听阈值,比较两者的变化趋势。结果：TEOAE在1．5～4．5kHz高频范围内,正常组与高频听力损失组的耳声发射平均强度差异有统计学意义,与纯音听阈检查结果有一定的相关性。两种检查中,高频听力损失组的两个指标变化趋势相一致。结论：临床上,结合纯音电测听结果,可使TEOAE更为准确客观地判断患者高频区域听力损失的程度和范围。     

儿童与成人慢性化脓性中耳炎的临床分析

目的:探讨儿童与成人慢性化脓性中耳炎(CSOM)在病程、临床特征、手术等方面的异同。方法:对85例(118耳)成人和66例(81耳)儿童CSOM患者术前临床资料及手术病变范围、听骨损坏程度等方面进行对比分析。结果:儿童组并发症的发生率较成人组高,耳源性颅内并发症少见;病变以外耳道肉芽多见,中耳病变范围较成人组广,肉芽与胆脂瘤混合,听小骨损坏程度较成人组重。结论:儿童CSOM较成人并发症多,病变范围较广泛,听骨破坏重,手术方式选择以彻底清除病变为主要目的,在此前提下尽可能重建听力。     

煤矿井下噪声暴露工人扩展高频测听

目的 探讨扩展高频纯音听阈在听力监测及早期发现噪声性听力损害中的价值.方法 对73名(142耳)耳科正常者(对照组)和78名(154耳)煤矿井下噪声暴露工人(实验组,其中常频纯音听阈正常组45名90耳,常频纯音听阈异常组33名64耳),行常频纯音测听、扩展高频纯音(0.5～16kHz)测听,将两组结果进行比较.结果实验组纯音听阈在4.0、6.0 kHz及扩展高频区与对照组比较明显升高,扩展高频未检出率逐渐增加,差异有显著意义(P＜0.05);常频纯音听阈正常的实验组与对照组比较,其扩展高频听阈升高,未检出率在14 kHz开始升高,差异有显著意义(P＜0.05);常频听阈异常的实验组与对照组比较,扩展高频听阈升高,未检出率在11.2 kHz开始增加,差异均有显著意义(P＜0.01).结论 扩展高频测听可用于噪声性聋的早期诊断和听力监测.     

中青年与老年慢性化脓性中耳炎及中耳胆脂瘤患者听力学特点及区别

目的 探讨中青年与老年慢性化脓性中耳炎及中耳胆脂瘤患者听力学特点及区别。方法 回顾性研究单侧慢性化脓性中耳炎或中耳胆脂瘤中青年(18～59岁)患者74例、老年(≥60岁)患者68例(语频段0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0 kHz)纯音测听结果, 分析其患耳与对侧耳、不同年龄组间患者听力学特征和区别。结果 中青年患者患耳各语频气、骨导阈值均高于对侧耳, 老年患者患耳气导、除4.0 kHz外的骨导高于对侧耳。老年患者各语频气、骨导耳间差均明显大于中青年患者。非胆脂瘤组、听骨链正常组老年患者耳间差在0.5、1.0、2.0 kHz气导、4.0 kHz骨导高于中青年患者。胆脂瘤组、听骨链中断组老年患者各语频气、骨导耳间差均明显大于中青年患者。结论 慢性化脓性中耳炎及中耳胆脂瘤对中青年、老年患者的气、骨导均可产生损害, 对老年患者的损害比中青年患者严重。中耳病变越严重, 老年患者比中青年患者听力受损的程度越高。     

慢性化脓性中耳炎的听骨链病变及对听力的影响

目的:探讨慢性化脓性中耳炎的听骨病变特点、听骨链完整性的判断及对骨导听力的影响.方法:对148例(176耳)慢性化脓性中耳炎患者行术前纯音测听,术中显微镜下观察听骨链病变.结果:骨疡型、胆脂瘤型中耳炎和鼓膜松弛部穿孔者听骨链多有破坏,松弛部穿孔先破坏锤砧关节,紧张部穿孔先破坏砧镫关节.慢性化脓性中耳炎听骨链完整、活动好52耳,听骨链中断或固定124耳.听骨链完好与听骨链病变者语频段气导听阈、气骨导差比较均差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.01).语频段骨导听阈比较无差异,两者高频骨导听阈均提高.结论:骨疡型、胆脂瘤型中耳炎听骨链多有破坏.语频段气导听阈在40 dB以内,气骨导差在30 dB以内者,听骨链大多完好.气导听阈在55 dB以上,气骨导差在40 dB以上者,听骨链多有中断或固定.慢性化脓性中耳炎可伴有高频骨导听力下降.     

122例慢性化脓性中耳炎患者术前骨导听力分析

 目的探讨慢性化脓性中耳炎对骨导听力的影响。方法回顾性分析122例单侧慢性化脓性中耳炎患者,同期选取对侧正常耳作为对照耳,通过对患耳与健耳、不同年龄组、单纯型与胆脂瘤型中耳炎、听骨链完好与听骨链破坏、细菌培养阳性者与阴性者,不同病理患者的术前骨导听力进行研究。所有患者进行纯音测听检查, 并对各频率骨导听阈进行统计学处理, 对影响骨导听力的因素做相关分析。结果0.5、2、4 kHz处,患耳骨导听阈值高于健耳,而低频0.25 kHz及1 kHz处患耳与健耳骨导听阈值差异不显著;随年龄增长,患耳与健耳骨导听阈值差异有逐渐缩小趋势;中耳胆脂瘤及听骨链破坏者对各频率骨导有明显影响;病程及细菌培养阳性与否对骨导听力损害差异不显著。结论①慢性化脓性中耳炎对骨导听力有明显影响,但在不同频率,损害程度有差异;②慢性化脓性中耳炎可能会影响对侧正常耳的骨导听力;③中耳胆脂瘤及听骨链破坏对骨导听力影响较大。     

慢性化脓性中耳炎患者听骨链病变与听力变化的关系

目的探讨慢性化脓性中耳炎(chronic suppurative otitis media,CSOM)患者听骨链病变特点及其与听力受损的关系。方法对146例CSOM患者术前行纯音测听、检查鼓膜穿孔部位,术中显微镜观察听骨链病变。结果 7 9例鼓膜紧张部穿孔患者听骨链完好3 6例(45.6%)、受破坏(中断或固定)43例(54.4%);67例松弛部穿孔患者听骨链完好13例(19.4%)、受破坏54例(80.6%),两组差异显著(P<0.01)。听骨链破坏组与完好组比较,各语音频道(0.5、1、2、4 kHz)气导听阈均升高(P<0.01),骨导听阈仅在2 kHz有明显升高(P<0.05),语音频道总气骨导差增大(P<0.01)。结论①CSOM紧张部穿孔者听骨链受损程度低于松弛部穿孔者。②听骨链破坏主要影响CSOM患者的气导听阈,骨导阈值仅在听骨链共振频率2 kHz处有影响。     

老年慢性化脓性中耳炎患者听力学分析

目的 探讨老年慢性化脓性中耳炎患者的听力学特点。方法 回顾性分析68例≥60岁单侧慢性化脓性中耳炎患者的语频（0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0kHz）纯音测听结果、术中所见中耳病变组织特点和听骨链病变情况、病变组织病理检查结果。结果 语频范围内,患耳气导、除4kHz外的骨导阈值均高于对侧耳;胆脂瘤患者与非胆脂瘤患者的气、骨导阈无明显差异;听骨链完好者与破坏者（中断或固定）的气导、2kHz骨导阈值差异具有统计学意义,0.5、1.0、4.0kHz骨导阈值差异不显著。结论 老年慢性化脓性中耳炎患者的听力改变有其独特性,掌握老年慢性化脓性中耳炎患者的听力学特征有助于疾病的诊治。     

分泌性中耳炎骨导听阈改变的临床观察

目的证实分泌性中耳炎可导致感音神经性聋,为临床干预分泌性中耳炎,尤其是顽固的分泌性中耳炎提供依据.方法115例(164耳)分泌性中耳炎患者治愈后或未愈患者病程中复查的纯音测听检查结果,记录0.5、1、2、4kHz频率骨导听阈,计算骨导听力损失dB数.分为单侧组66例,双侧组49例,将66例单耳患者的健耳作为对照组.结果在164耳中,出现骨导听阈提高的共94耳(57.3%).双侧组与单侧组骨导听力损失程度差异均无显著性(P>0.05);单侧组和双侧组患耳在同一频率的骨导听力损失程度相似,且平均的骨导听力损失程度也相似;不同频率之间的骨导听力损失不同,4kHz的骨导听力损失为最大.结论半数以上分泌性中耳炎可以导致感音神经性聋.在不同频率间的骨导听力损失不同,以高频损失为主,并有向语言频率区过渡的趋势.     

Treatment of Maxillary Sinus Carcinoma: Clinical Results Using the Kitasato Modality

The conventional therapeutic regimen for maxillary sinus carcinoma consists of dissection of the maxilla, full-dose irradiation and extensive chemotherapy. However, the results obtained with this treatment are often poor. Even when patients recover, their quality of life is significantly reduced as a result of deformity of facial structures and swallowing and articulation dysfunctions. A retrospective analysis of 68 patients with maxillary sinus carcinoma treated with the Kitasato modality between 1975 and 1999 was conducted. All patients underwent pergingival maxillary sinus surgery combined with pre- and postoperative irradiation therapy with standardized total doses of 16 Gy; the postoperative irradiation was given in combination with regional intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy administered via the superficial temporal artery. All visible tumor lesions were removed where possible in order to preserve or facilitate cellular immunity after surgery. The cumulative 5-year survival rates were 85.7% for Stage II patients, 88.1% for Stage III, 76.6% for Stage IVA and 75.0% for Stage IVB.     

Tongue Base Reduction with Temperature-controlled Radiofrequency Volumetric Tissue Reduction for Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

In recent years a considerable effort has been made to establish the use of different surgical techniques for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Nevertheless, treatment of hypopharyngeal obstruction due to tongue base hypertrophy remains in many ways an unsolved problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of tongue base reduction with temperature-controlled radiofrequency volumetric tissue reduction in the treatment of OSAS. Twenty patients with OSAS and tongue base hypertrophy were treated with radiofrequency tissue ablation. An intensified treatment protocol was used, delivering 2,800 J per treatment session under local anesthesia. Two nights of polysomnography testing were performed before and after treatment. Daytime sleepiness, snoring and postoperative morbidity were assessed using questionnaires. Mean respiratory disturbance index (RDI) was reduced from 32.1 to 24.9/h after a mean of 3.4 treatment sessions. Six patients (33%) were cured after the procedure (reduction in RDI of &#83 50% and a postoperative RDI of <15/h) and ten (55%) showed an improvement of >20% in their RDI. Daytime sleepiness and snoring improved significantly. Peri- and postoperative morbidity was low; one severe complication occurred (tongue base abscess). We were able to achieve similar cure and responder rates to those reported in a recently published pilot study but with a reduced number of treatment sessions. We believe that this technique may improve patient acceptance and have beneficial cost implications.     

Congenital nasal masses: diagnosis and management

One hundred and nine congenital nasal masses which presented to two children's hospitals over a 20 year period are reviewed. The diagnosis of the nasal mass is discussed with respect to age, mode of presentation, and site of the lesion, and a management protocol is advocated.     

Reverse Optokinetic After-nystagmus Generated by Gaze Fixation During Optokinetic Stimulation

Gaze fixation during optokinetic stimulation generates an after-nystagmus with a slow component towards the reverse direction of the optokinetic stimulation. The duration and maximum slow component velocity (SCV) of this "reverse OKAN" were observed by changing the duration, velocity and direction of the optokinetic stimulation in nine normal volunteers. The duration of reverse OKAN increased with increasing stimulation time but was unaffected by changes in the stimulation velocity. The maximum SCV of reverse OKAN decreased with an increase in the stimulation velocity but was not significantly affected by changes in the optokinetic stimulation time. There was no directional difference among the horizontal, upwards and downwards reverse OKANs. The reverse OKAN was thought to be generated by a mechanism different from the velocity storage mechanism which produced optokinetic nystagmus and the first phase of OKAN. Retinal slip during the optokinetic stimulation was considered to be an input to the mechanism which generated the reverse OKAN. We hypothesize that the mechanism causing the reverse OKAN may be a generator of the second phase of OKAN, which was also intimately connected with self-motion sensation during the optokinetic stimulation.     

Tissue-engineered human nasal septal cartilage using the alginate-recovered-chondrocyte method

OBJECTIVES: Tissue engineering of nasal septal cartilage has numerous potential applications in craniofacial reconstruction. Chondrocytes suspended in alginate gel have been shown to produce a substantial cell-associated matrix. The objective of this study was to determine whether cartilage tissue could be generated using the alginate-recovered-chondrocyte (ARC) method, in which chondrocytes are cultured in alginate as an intermediate step in tissue fabrication. METHODS: Nasal septal chondrocytes from five patient donors were isolated by enzymatic digestion, then expanded in monolayer culture. At confluency, a portion of those cells were seeded at high density onto a semipermeable membrane and cultured for 14, 21, or 28 days (monolayer group). The remaining cells were suspended in alginate and cultured until a cell-associated matrix was observed (10-17 days). Cells and their associated matrix were released from alginate (ARC group), seeded onto a semipermeable membrane, and cultured as already described. DNA (Hoechst 33258 Assay), glycosaminoglycan (GAG; dimethylmethylene blue assay), and collagen (hydroxyproline assay) were analyzed biochemically. Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess expression of collagens type I and type II. Histochemistry was performed to localize cells accumulating sulfated GAG (Alcian blue stain). RESULTS: The ARC constructs, in contrast to the monolayer constructs, had substantial structural stability and the histologic and gross appearance of cartilaginous tissue. ARC constructs demonstrated significantly greater GAG and collagen accumulation than monolayer constructs (P <.05). Histologic analysis revealed substantial GAG and collagen type II production and only moderate collagen type I production. The composition of the matrix was thus similar to that of native human septal cartilage. CONCLUSIONS: Tissue-engineered human nasal septal cartilage using the ARC method has the histologic and gross appearance of native cartilage and has biochemical composition more like that of native cartilage than monolayer constructs. This is the first report of human nasal septal neocartilage formation without the use of biodegradable scaffolds.     

Jaw osteosarcomas

Introduction

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most frequent bone malignant tumor. It is usually found on long bones, 5 to 10% are located on jaws, accounting for 0.5 to 1% of all facial tumors. There is little published data which concerns only few patients. Our aim was to study retrospectively cases of facial bone OS in adults, and to compare our results with published data to suggest an optimal management scheme.

Patients and method

Thirty-three patients were managed for an OS, from January 1997 to January 2007. Fourteen patients with a maxillary and mandibular OS, treated in first-intention in our unit, were included. The following data were analyzed: age; personal history; circumstance of discovery; clinical, functional, and physical signs; loco-regional extension and metastasis radiological investigation. The histological slides were systematically reviewed. The protocol, therapeutic outcome, and follow-up were studied.

Results

The mean age at diagnosis was 43. Swelling was the most frequent functional sign. The mean delay before management was 3.4 months. The most frequent radiological presentation was a lytic and hyperdense image. The diagnosis was suggested after CT scan in 57.1% of cases. The biopsy was correlated to the anatomopathological analysis in 78.6% of cases. The most common treatment was surgical exeresis completed by chemotherapy. The 5-year survival rate was 50%.

Discussion

Jaw OS are specific because of their localization and specific bone ultrastructure. Their management remains controversial: should they be managed like limb OS or treated more specifically? Neoadjuvant chemotherapy, even if it delays exeresis for 3 months, seems to stop the growth or reduce the tumor. An early anatomopathological analysis of the surgical piece determines adjuvant therapy. The negative prognostic factors are: maxillary localization because of limited exeresis margins, tumoral size, and osteoblastic sub-type.     

Patterns of practice regarding surgical site infection prevention in head & neck surgery: An international survey

IntroductionHead & neck surgery encompasses a variety of surgical approaches for benign and malignant conditions. Due to the complexity in treating patients with head and neck pathology, it is necessary to adhere to basic surgical principles to decrease complications. Among them, surgical site infection can be prevented using a surgery quality protocol including the correct use of antibiotics and optimization of nutritional status.Materials and methodsA survey was sent through the YO-IFOS and SEORL-CCC international mailing list.ResultsA total of 435 surgeons completed the survey. Of the respondents, 97.7% confirm that they scrub their hands before surgery, 40.9% respondents recommend nutritional support according to sign and symptoms, 60.9% use of antibiotic prophylaxis in clean surgery and just 9.2% use clindamycin in combination.ConclusionThis survey has broadened the scope regarding H&N surgical safety around the globe. Identifying innovative ways in which surgical care may be improved is mandatory.