三年生白木香机械伤害转录组学研究

国产沉香为瑞香科(Thymelaeaceae)植物白木香(Aquilaria sinensis(Lour.)Gilg)含有树脂的木材。白木香树体只有在受到伤害等胁迫,才在伤口周围的木材内产生倍半萜等沉香类物质,但是伤害如何诱导沉香倍半萜生物合成途径至今尚未揭示。为揭示伤害诱导白木香结香的分子机制,本研究应用RNA测序技术对机械伤害后的白木香木质部转录组进行测序,研究其基因表达谱,挖掘其功能基因。本研究共获得40 295条表达序列标签(express sequence tags,EST),平均长度305 bp。经序列合并拼接,获得22 095条单基因簇(unigene)。通过核苷酸和蛋白质序列等方面的同源性分析,表明其中61.6%(13 611条)与其他生物的已知基因具有不同程度的同源性。通过功能分类研究(GeneOntology)和代谢途径分析(KEGG)获得参与沉香倍半萜合成的序列26条(编码7个关键酶)。这些基因的发现为研究沉香倍半萜化合物的生物合成途径及伤害诱导沉香形成的分子机制提供了基础数据。     

基于高通量测序的青叶胆转录组研究

目的 探讨青叶胆中獐牙菜苦苷生物合成的遗传基础。方法 采用Illumina Hiseq 2500高通量测序技术,对青叶胆全草进行转录组测序。结果 共获得68 643个unigene,平均长度901 bp,共有42 954条unigene注释到NR,SwissProt,COG,KOG,GO,Pfam数据库中,獐牙菜苦苷生物合成的3个阶段中,有43条unigene参与中间体的生成,3条unigene参与萜类骨架合成,25条unigene可能参与萜类最后的修饰。结论 首次对青叶胆转录组进行测序分析,获得了可能参与獐牙菜苦苷生物合成的候选基因,为后续功能基因的挖掘奠定了基础。     

广东梅州引种丹参质量初步评价

目的研究梅州引种丹参丹参酮ⅡA与丹酚酸B含量。方法采用HPLC法,测定了梅州市引种丹参的丹参酮ⅡA和丹酚酸B含量。结果本市引种品种的丹参酮ⅡA和丹酚酸B含量均达到药典规定标准。结论本市引种的丹参植株丹参酮ⅡA和丹酚酸B含量达到药典标准,适合在本地推广种植。     

不同产地丹参及丹参配伍黄芪前后有效成分含量测定

目的:测定不同产地丹参药材中丹参酮ⅡA与丹酚酸B的含量,考察丹参与黄芪配伍前后丹参中有效成分的含量变化情况。方法:采用高效液相色谱法对丹参酮ⅡA与丹酚酸B进行含量测定。测定丹参酮ⅡA的色谱柱为Waters C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-水(75∶25),检测波长为270 nm;测定丹酚酸B的色谱柱为Agilent C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-乙腈-甲酸-水(30∶10∶1∶59),检测波长为286 nm。结果:不同产地丹参中丹参酮ⅡA的含量大多数低于药典规定,丹酚酸B的含量有高有低;丹参配伍黄芪后可提高丹参中丹参酮ⅡA和丹酚酸B的提取率。结论:不同产地丹参中丹参酮ⅡA和丹酚酸B的含量无相关性,其含量差异说明丹参的栽培技术有待加强;丹参配伍黄芪后有效成分含量的变化说明了二者配伍具有科学性与合理性。     

32批丹参饮片的质量考察

目的：考察丹参饮片的质量。方法：对32批丹参饮片中的丹参酮ⅡA和丹酚酸B作含量测定。结果：32批丹参饮片中丹参酮ⅡA含量较低,丹酚酸B含量较高,但丹酚酸B含量的高低差异较大。结论：应加强丹参饮片的内在质量管理。     

转录因子对丹参酮类物质调控作用及机制研究进展

丹参是临床常用的活血化瘀药,主要用于心脑血管疾病的治疗,其关键活性物质丹参酮的合成和调控机制一直为研究热点。本文对近年来有关转录因子(AP2/ERF、bHLH、MYB、bZIP、WRKY等)调节丹参酮类成分生物合成的研究成果进行了归纳总结,指出了丹参转录调控研究存在的问题,探讨了转录因子在丹参酮类活性成分生物合成调控中的研究方向,为进一步发现和利用丹参酮类活性物质调控功能基因提供理论依据。     

临床常用丹参制剂活性成分比较分析

目的 分析临床常用丹参制剂,包括复方丹参片、丹参片、冠心丹参滴丸、复方丹参滴丸、丹参注射液、丹香冠心注射液和注射用丹参冻干粉等,主要活性成分组成和含量差异。方法 采用Kinetex柱(100 mm×4.6 mm,2.6 μm),以0.1%三氟乙酸水—乙腈为流动相,柱温为30℃梯度洗脱,丹酚酸类检测波长280 nm,丹参酮类为254 nm;测定丹参制剂中9种酚酸和4种丹参酮类成分的含量。结果 复方丹参片、丹参片、复方丹参滴丸和冠心丹参滴丸等口服制剂化学成分组成与丹参药材相似,酚酸类成分主要为丹酚酸B,丹参酮类主要为丹参酮Ⅱa。丹参注射液和注射用丹参冻干粉中主要酚酸类成分为丹参素,检测不到丹参酮类成分。 结论 不同组方和不同厂家丹参制剂活性成分组成和含量有明显差异。口服制剂中成分与丹参药材相似,而注射制剂中主要含丹酚酸类成分,检测不到丹参酮类成分。     

基于转录组测序的白鼠尾草2-ODD基因家族鉴定与表达分析

酮戊二酸(2OG)/Fe(Ⅱ)依赖双加氧酶(2-ODD)在植物初生和次生代谢过程中发挥着重要作用。本研究基于高通量测序技术平台Illumina NovaSeq 6000进行了白鼠尾草(Salvia apiana Jepson)转录组测序,对测序结果进行de novo拼接后,共获得38 534个独立基因(unigenes)。将获得的独立基因进行基因功能注释,有29 982个独立基因获得功能注释。通过生物信息学方法在白鼠尾草转录组数据中进行2-ODD基因家族鉴定,并对鉴定得到的基因序列进行序列特征分析,包括序列的同源性、理化特征、信号肽、跨膜结构域、亚细胞定位、二级结构和三级结构预测等,另对它们的进化关系及表达模式进行分析。结果显示,从白鼠尾草转录组中共鉴定得到39个具有完整序列结构的2-ODD家族基因,这些基因编码蛋白质的平均长度为320个氨基酸,分子质量约为36.00 kDa,多为亲水性蛋白。系统进化分析将白鼠尾草2-ODD基因分为多个亚家族,这些基因在白鼠尾草不同部位均有表达,多数基因在根中的表达量明显高于叶中的表达量。本研究可为白鼠尾草2-ODD基因的深入研究奠定基础。     

HPLC法测定不同采收期丹参中丹参酮ⅡA及丹酚酸B含量

目的测定同一产地不同采收期丹参药材中丹参酮ⅡA及丹酚酸B的含量。方法以丹参酮ⅡA和丹酚酸B为定量评价指标,高效液相色谱法进行含量测定。结果 6批次丹参药材中丹参酮ⅡA质量分数为0.23%～0.36%,平均为0.29%;10批次丹参中丹酚酸B的质量分数为3.59%～4.48%,平均为3.97%。结论相同产地不同采收期丹参药材中丹参酮ⅡA及丹酚酸B的含量存在一定差异。     

丹参有效成分及丹参类制剂抗炎药理作用的研究进展

中药在治疗炎症方面具有疗效较好、毒副作用小等优点。综述丹参Salvia miltiorrhiza中的水溶性成分（丹酚酸A、丹参茎叶总酚酸、丹酚酸B、迷迭香酸、丹参素等）、脂溶性成分（丹参酮II_A、丹参酮I、隐丹参酮、甲基丹参酮等）、丹参多糖,丹参类注射液（丹参注射液、注射用丹参多酚酸、丹红注射液等）以及丹参其他类制剂（如丹参凝胶、丹参涂膜剂等）的抗炎药理作用研究进展,以期为丹参抗炎作用研究及丹参的临床应用提供参考。     

Construction and characterization of a normalized cDNA library from the river snail Bellamya aeruginosa after exposure to copper

The construction of a normalized cDNA library is a popular tool for identifying novel biomarkers for monitoring environmental pollution. In the present study, a normalized cDNA library was constructed from the river snail Bellamya aeruginosa after exposure to Cu²⁺ by using the SMART technique. The titer of the cDNA library was 1.78 × 10⁶ pfu/ml, with a recombinant efficiency of 95.8%. In addition, from 6,000 randomly selected and sequenced clones, 5,473 high-quality ESTs were identified. After processing the sequences, 3,961 unigenes representing 897 contigs and 3,064 singlets were obtained with 27.6% redundancy. Analysis of expressed sequenced tags using COG and GO annotation and KEGG pathway data showed that a large group of genes related to growth and development, signal transduction, and defense mechanisms were present in the cDNA library. Based on our findings, this normalized cDNA library will provide a valuable resource for further research on functional genes and ecotoxicology in B. aeruginosa.     

Streptomyces griseochromogenes菌株milbemycin生物合成基因簇的筛选

经BamHI酶切的柯氏质粒pku4 0 3与MboⅠ部分消化并经碱性磷酸酶处理的Streptomycesgriseochromogenes染色体DNA片段相连接 ,体外包装后 ,转化大肠杆菌E .coliJM1 0 8,挑取转化子1 1 5 2个 ,构建Streptomycesgriseochromogenes的基因文库。分别以avermectin聚酮体合成酶 (PKS)的酰基转移酶基因 (AT)、酮基合成酶基因 (KS)及参与avermectin生物合成的内酯化酶基因(aveE)、C5 O 甲基转移酶基因 (aveD)为探针 ,利用菌落原位杂交、核酸杂交和以烯酰基还原酶基因(ER)引物的PCR扩增等手段 ,从文库中筛选出 2 4个阳性克隆。根据克隆DNA之间的重叠关系 ,将阳性克隆分为 7组 ,这 7组阳性克隆群可能覆盖控制milbemycin生物合成的基因簇     

Molecular identification of arsenic-resistant estuarine bacteria and characterization of their ars genotype

In the present study, 44 arsenic-resistant bacteria were isolated through serial dilutions on agar plate with concentrations ≥0.05 mM of sodium arsenite and ≥10 mM of sodium arsenate from Mandovi and Zuari—estuarine water systems. The ars genotype characterization in 36 bacterial isolates (resistant to 100 mM of sodium arsenate) revealed that only 17 isolates harboured the arsA (ATPase), B (arsenite permease) and C (arsenate reductase) genes on the plasmid DNA. The arsA, B and C genes were individually detected using PCR in 16, 9 and 13 bacterial isolates respectively. Molecular identification of the 17 isolates bearing the ars genotype was carried using 16S rDNA sequencing. A 1300 bp full length arsB gene encoding arsenite efflux pump and a 409 bp fragment of arsC gene coding for arsenate reductase were isolated from the genera Halomonas and Acinetobacter. Phylogenetic analysis of arsB and arsC genes indicated their close genetic relationship with plasmid borne ars genes of E. coli and arsenate reductase of plant origin. The putative arsenate reductase gene isolated from Acinetobacter species complemented arsenate resistance in E. coli WC3110 and JM109 validating its function. This study dealing with isolation of native arsenic-resistant bacteria and characterization of their ars genes might be useful to develop efficient arsenic detoxification strategies for arsenic contaminated aquifers.     

Identification and Functional Characterization of the Gene Cluster Responsible for Fusaproliferin Biosynthesis in Fusarium proliferatum

The emerging mycotoxin fusaproliferin is produced by Fusarium proliferatum and other related Fusarium species. Several fungi from other taxonomic groups were also reported to produce fusaproliferin or the deacetylated derivative, known as siccanol or terpestacin. Here, we describe the identification and functional characterization of the Fusarium proliferatum genes encoding the fusaproliferin biosynthetic enzymes: a terpenoid synthase, two cytochrome P450s, a FAD-oxidase and an acetyltransferase. With the exception of one gene encoding a CYP450 (FUP2, FPRN_05484), knock-out mutants of the candidate genes could be generated, and the production of fusaproliferin and intermediates was tested by LC-MS/MS. Inactivation of the FUP1 (FPRN_05485) terpenoid synthase gene led to complete loss of fusaproliferin production. Disruption of a putative FAD-oxidase (FUP4, FPRN_05486) did not only affect oxidation of preterpestacin III to terpestacin, but also of new side products (11-oxo-preterpstacin and terpestacin aldehyde). In the knock-out strains lacking the predicted acetyltransferase (FUP5, FPRN_05487) fusaproliferin was no longer formed, but terpestacin was found at elevated levels. A model for the biosynthesis of fusaproliferin and of novel derivatives found in mutants is presented.