Effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on macrophage chemo taxis inhibitory factor and nuclear factor-κB/P65 in obstructive nephropathy rats

Objective To investigate the expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor(MIF) and nuclear factor-κB/P65 (NF-κB/P65) in the kidneys of unilateral ureteral occlusion (UUO) model rats and the effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on the expression. Method The cell model of obstructive nephropathy was established by renal tubular epithelial cells treated with TGF- beta 1. Thirty healthy adult male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham operation group (n=10), UUO group (n=10) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 group (n=10, UUO rats treated with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 by lavage 2 days before operation)．The rats in sham group and UUO group were treated with equal normal saline by lavage. Serum creatinine (Scr) and histopathological changes were tested at week 2. The expressions of collagen Ⅳ (ColⅣ), macrophage marker antigen ED-1, MIF and NF-κB/P65 in renal issue were measured by immunohistochemistry. The MIF mRNA was detected by real-time PCR and the protein expressions of MIF, NF-κB inhibitor α (IKBα) and p-IKBα were measured by Western blotting. In renal tubular epithelial cells (NRK52E) the expressions of MIF and NF-κB were detected by immunocytochemistry, and the the protein expression of MIF and the activation of IKBα were teasted by Western blotting. Results Compared with those in sham group, in model group rats had increaced Scr, tubulointerstitial damage area and expressions of ED-1 and ColⅣ, and up-regulated mRNA and protein expressions of MIF (all P＜0.05). Moreover, the amount of NF-κB/P65 nuclear positive cells and p-IKBα expression were significantly increased while the expression of IKBα decreased in model group (all P＜0.05). NRK52E cells had higher expressions of MIF, NF-κB and p-IKBα, and lower IKBα in model group than those in control group (all P＜0.05). After the application of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, those above effects were inhibited (all P＜0.05). The results of cell model and animal model were in agreement. Conclusions The expressions of MIF and the activation of NF-κB/P65 in UUO rats increased significantly. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 may ameliorate the progression of renal tubulointerstitial inflammation and renal fibrosis by intervening the expression of MIF, inducing phosphorylation of IKBα and decreasing the activation of NF-κB/P65.     

Impact of endogenous hydrogen sulfide on toll-like receptor pathway in renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats

Abstract

In this study, we investigated the impact of endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) on toll-like receptors (TLRs)-mediated inflammatory response and apoptosis in renal ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI). Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham, IR, IR?+?propargylglycine (PAG) and IR?+?hydroxylamine (HA). After right nephrectomy, rats were given saline for the sham and IR group, PAG for the IR?+?PAG group and HA for the IR?+?HA group, through the left renal artery for 20?min. Five minutes after drug administration, all rats except sham underwent 45?min of left renal ischemia followed by 24?h of reperfusion. Kidneys were harvested for histological and biochemical evaluation. Levels of TLRs, downstream signaling molecules and pro-inflammatory cytokines were determined by Western blot or immunohistochemistry. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained renal sections were used for histological grading of renal injury. Apoptotic cells were detected by TUNEL assay. Compared to the sham group, rats in the IR group showed higher renal levels of TLR-2, TLR-4, nuclear NF-κB p65, phosphorylated ASK1, phosphorylated TRAF2, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18 and TNF-α (p?<?0.05), and exhibited acute kidney injury (p?<?0.05) and apoptosis (p?<?0.05). Compared to the IR group, rats receiving PAG or HA showed significantly higher levels of TLR-2, TLR-4, nuclear NF-κB p65, phosphorylated ASK1, phosphorylated TRAF2, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18 and TNF-α (p?<?0.01), more severe acute kidney injury (p?<?0.05) and increased apoptosis (p?<?0.01). Thus, inflammatory response and apoptosis mediated by TLRs are involved in renal IRI. Inhibition of endogenous H₂S significantly activated inflammatory response and apoptosis, and thus promoted renal IRI.     

TLR4／NF—κB信号通路与肾脏缺血后处理的肾脏保护作用的关系

目的探讨小鼠。肾脏缺血后处理（ischemic postconditioning,IPC）对缺血再灌注损伤（ischemia-reperfusion injury,IRI）的保护作用及与Toll样受体（toll—like receptor,TLR）4／核因子（nuclear factor,NF）-κB信号通路的关系。方法BALB／c小鼠42只随机分组：假手术组6只、IRI组18只与IPC组18只,IRI组与IPC组均设术后1d、3d、5d亚组,每个亚组各6只小鼠。建立肾脏IRI及IPC模型;于术后1d、3d、5d取血检测血清肌酐（Scr）、血尿素氮（BUN）,取肾组织行病理学检查,计算术后1d急性肾小管损伤的Jablonski评分,采用蛋白质印迹（Western blot）法检测术后1d、3d、5d的TLR4、NF—κB表达水平。结果术后各时点,IRI组的Scr、BUN水平均明显高于假手术组（均为P〈0．05）;术后1d,IPC组的Scr、BUN水平均明显低于IRI组（均为P〈0．05）,且于术后5d两指标明显下降并恢复至正常范围。与假手术组比较,IRI组和IPC组肾小管损伤程度较为严重（均为P〈0．05）;与IRI组比较,IPC组的肾小管损伤程度显著减轻（P〈0．05）。术后1d、3d,IPC组的TLR4表达水平较IRI组明显降低（均为P〈0．05）。术后1d、3d、5d,IPC组的NF—κB表达水平较IRI组明显降低（均为P〈0．05）。结论IPC可减轻缺血再灌注对肾脏的损伤,其保护作用可能通过抑制TLR4／NF—κB信号通路实现。     

过度训练部分通过炎性信号途径诱导肾小管上皮细胞凋亡

目的 观察过度训练大鼠肾组织肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、核因子κB（NF-κB）的表达及其与肾组织细胞凋亡的关系以及旋覆花素对其的影响,探讨炎性信号途径在其中的作用。 方法 采用大鼠游泳至力竭建立过度训练模型。将48只雄性Wistar大鼠按随机数字表法分为对照组（CN,n=8）、力竭运动组（ES,n=24）、旋覆花素干预组（IB,n=16）。CN组为安静对照。ES组又根据力竭后恢复时间分为力竭即刻（ESI,n=8）、力竭后6 h（ES 6 h,n=8）和力竭后24 h (ES 24 h,n=8)。IB组于力竭运动前24 h 给予旋覆花素25 ml/kg,分3次灌胃后进行力竭运动,分为IB 6 h（n=8）和IB 24 h（n=8）组。TUNEL法检测肾组织细胞凋亡。免疫组织化学法检测肾组织TNF-α和NF-κB的表达。流式细胞术检测肾组织细胞NF-κB的变化。用图像分析系统测定肾组织凋亡细胞、TNF-α和NF-κB表达的平均吸光度。采用Pearson法分析TNF-α与NF-κB之间的相关性;采用非参数Spearman法分析TNF-α和NF-κB与细胞凋亡之间的相关性。 结果 TUNEL法显示,过度训练大鼠于力竭后即刻、6 h及24 h肾组织细胞凋亡数呈进行性增多（P < 0.01）。免疫组化显示,对照组大鼠肾组织有TNF-α轻微表达,主要分布于肾小管上皮细胞;力竭后即刻（0.136±0.009）、力竭后6 h（0.171±0.011）、力竭后24 h（0.229±0.008）大鼠肾组织TNF-α表达逐渐升高,均显著高于对照组（0.109±0.010）（均P < 0.05）。对照组大鼠肾组织NF-κB有轻微表达;力竭后即刻其表达即显著增高（0.129±0.011）（P < 0.05）;力竭后6 h（0.166±0.009）显著高于对照组（0.095±0.010）及力竭后即刻组（均P < 0.05）;力竭后24 h（0.218±0.019）则进一步增高,显著高于力竭后即刻和6 h组（均P < 0.05）。流式细胞术检测结果也证实了力竭后大鼠肾组织NF-κB有同样变化趋势。过度训练大鼠肾组织TNF-α与NF-κB的表达呈正相关（r = 0.955,P < 0.01）;肾组织TNF-α和NF-κB表达与肾组织细胞凋亡之间均呈正相关（r = 0.953,r = 0.939,均P < 0.01）。用旋覆花素干预后,与同时间点力竭组比较,过度训练引起的肾组织TNF-α （6 h：0.142±0.012,24 h：0.130±0.010）和NF-κB（6 h：0.138±0.010,24 h：0.136±0.011）的过度表达均被显著抑制（均P < 0.05）。 结论 过度训练可导致肾组织炎性反应增强,旋覆花素能部分逆转这种炎性反应。这可能是过度训练引起肾组织细胞凋亡及旋覆花素抗凋亡的分子机制之一。     

吡咯烷二巯基氨甲酸对大鼠肾缺血再灌注的保护作用及机制

目的 探讨吡咯烷二巯基氨甲酸(PDTC)对大鼠肾缺血再灌注的保护作用及可能的机制.方法 选择成年、健康及雄性的Wistar大鼠56只,随机分为缺血再灌注损伤(IRI)组,PDTC组及对照组.IRI组:24只,建立大鼠肾缺血再灌注模型;PDTC组:24只,缺血再灌注前15 min经鼠尾静脉注射PDTC 150 mg/kg,其余步骤同IRI组;对照组:8只,不给予缺血再灌注处理.IRI组和PDTC组分别于再灌注后2、6和24 h检测大鼠血清肌酐(Cr)和尿素氮(BUN)水平;检测肾组织中自细胞介素8(IL-8)和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)的含量;逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测肾组织中核因子-κB(NF-κB)和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)mRNA表达水平;苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察大鼠肾组织的病理变化.取对照组的各项数据作为正常对照.结果 IRI组大鼠再灌注后各时间点的血Cr、BUN、IL-8及TNF-α含量、NF-κB和iNOS mRNA表达水平均高于对照组和PDTC组(P<0.05).再灌注后6 h时,PDTC组大鼠肾组织中IL-8和TNF-α含量与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).再灌注后24 h时,PDTC组大鼠各项生化指标与对照组相比,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).PDTC组大鼠肾损伤的病理变化较IRI大鼠明显减轻.结论 PDTC通过抑制NF-κB,有效减少IL-8,TNFα和iNOS的产生,对肾缺血再灌注有良好的保护作用.     

AMPK attenuates inflammation to reduce fibrosis induced by acute ischemia reperfusion injury in mice

Objective To observe the effect of adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) on attenuating inflammation in fibrosis induced by acute ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) in mice. Methods Forty eight male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups: sham operation group (sham group), IRI group, AMPK inhibitor+IRI group (AMPK/IRI group) and normal saline+IRI group (NS/IRI group), 12 mice each group. The mice with renal IRI were occluded for 30 min through clipping bilateral renal pedicle, then released renal perfusion. Mice in sham group were performed the separation of renal pedicle without clipping. Mice in AMPK/IRI group and NS/IRI group were respectively intraperitoneal injected AMPK inhibitor and normal saline before IRI. At the 2 d after operation, 6 randomly-selected mice from each group were blooded by extraction eyeball to detect BUN and Scr. The renal histopathological changes were observed through HE staining. The mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α was detected by real time PCR, and the level of AMPK phosphorylation was detected by Western blotting. At the 14 d after operation, Collagen 1 (COL1), α-SMA and fibronectin (FN) were detected by immunofluorescence and Western blotting in 6 remained mice from each group. The degree of kidney fibrosis was observed through sirus red staining. Results Compared with those in sham group, tubular interstitial damage was aggravated (P＜0.05), BUN and Scr were increased (P＜0.05), the mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α was increased at the 2 d after operation (all P＜0.05), and the level of AMPK phosphorylation was activated in IRI group and NS/IRI group (all P＜0.05); the degree of kidney fibrosis and the expression of COL1, α-SMA and FN were increased obviously at the 14 d (all P＜0.05). Compared with those in IRI group, in AMPK/IRI group tubular interstitial damage was aggravated (P＜0.05), BUN and Scr were increased (all P＜0.05), the mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α was increased at the 2 d (all P＜0.05), and the level of AMPK phosphorylation was decreased (P＜0.05). Moreover, the degree of kidney fibrosis and the expression of COL1, α-SMA and FN were increased obviously at the 14 d in AMPK/IRI group (all P＜0.05). Conclusions AMPK can ameliorate the acute renal ischemia reperfusion injury induce fibrosis in mice, and the mechanism may be related to the decrease of inflammatory reaction.     

脑肠肽对脓毒症相关性肾损伤的保护作用研究

目的 探讨脑肠肽对内毒素所致大鼠脓毒症相关性肾损伤的影响.方法 健康雄性SD大鼠36只,随机分为3组：正常对照组,急性肾损伤（acute kidney injury,AKI）组,脑肠肽治疗组.采用内毒素静注制备脓毒症AKI模型,脑肠肽治疗组于造模前后30 min给予皮下注射脑肠肽（1.0mg/kg）,选择不同时间点（6 h、12 h、24 h）处死动物后留取血标本和肾组织,检测血清肌酐（SCr）、尿素氮（BUN）、血清肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α）、观察肾组织的病理变化并检测肾脏组织中核因子κB的活化.结果 与同时间点比较,AKI组6h和12 h大鼠血清中TNF-α表达水平明显升高（P＜0.01）,24 h降至对照组水平（P＞0.05）,AKI组6h、12 h和24 h大鼠血清中BUN水平逐渐升高（P＜0.05）,24 h血清中SCr水平明显升高（P＜0.01）;AKI组24 h大鼠肾脏组织核因子κB p65核阳性率明显升高（P＜0.01）.脑肠肽治疗组对应时间点血清BUN和SCr水平较AKI组明显降低（P＜0.01）.TNF-α和核因子κB p65表达明显低于AKI组（P＜0.01）.病理显示脑肠肽治疗组大鼠肾损伤减轻,SCr、BUN、TNF-α、光镜检查均未见明显差异.结论 脑肠肽可通过抑制肾组织核因子κB的表达,下调TNF水平,对脓毒症相关性肾损伤发挥保护作用.     

吗啡对人胃癌MGC-803细胞磷酸酶基因表达和NF-κB活性的影响

目的 探讨吗啡对人胃癌MGC-803细胞磷酸酶基因(PTEN)和NF-κB活性的影响.方法 胃癌MGC-803细胞随机分为对照组和吗啡组(n=6):对照组不加任何药物,吗啡组将吗啡加入细胞培养液中使吗啡终浓度为0.1μmol/L.孵育24 h后应用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡情况,应用RT-PCR和Western blot法检测胃癌MGC-803细胞PTEN表达和NF-κB活性.结果 与对照组比较,吗啡组胃癌MGC-803细胞凋亡率升高,PTEN表达上调,NF-κB活性降低(P＜0.05).结论 吗啡可通过上调PTEN表达,降低NF-κB活性促进胃癌MGC-803细胞凋亡.     

Mice with focal segmental glomerular sclerosis are induced by adriamycin and its mechanism

Objective To establish adriamycin-induced focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS) mice model, and observe the expressions of and relation between oxidative stress and p38 MAPK signal pathway in renal injury. Methods Eight-week-old male Balb/c mice were randomly divided into FSGS group (n=20) and control group (n=20). In FSGS group mice were intravenously injected with a single dose of adriamycin (0.01 mg/g), and mice in control group were received saline with the same dose. At day 3, 7, 14, 22 and 32, urine protein-to-urine creatinine ratio (P/C) was detected. At day 22 and 32, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in blood and urine, and ROS in kidney tissues were detected; changes of pathological morphology in renal tissue were analyzed by HE stain; the expressions of NF-κB, CD36, IL-13, BAX and Bcl-2 mRNA were detected by real time quantitative PCR; the expressions of NF-κB, p-p38 and p-ERK1/2 protein were detected by Western blotting. Results Compared with that in control group, P/C was gradually increasing in FSGS group, and peaked at day 22 (P＜0.05). At day 22 and 32, mice had higher creatinine, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, ROS and NO in FSGS group than those in control group (all P＜0.05). There were mild hyperplasia of mesangial cells and mesangial matrix, segment with moderate exacerbations, podocytes with significant proliferation, and the capillary loops of the stenosed in the glomerular in FSGS group at day 32. Compared with those in control group, the mRNA expression of NF-κB, BAX, IL-13 and CD36, and the protein expressions of NF-κB and p-p38 MAPK were gradually increased in FSGS group, all showed statistical differences at day 32 (all P＜0.05); the expression of p-ERK1/2 was increased at day 22 (P＜0.05) but was reduced at day 32 (P＜0.05). Conclusions Adriamycin has induced FSGS in mice successfully, which may through oxidative stress activating p38, up-regulating NF-κB, increasing the inflammatory cytokines and inducing apoptosis pathways.     

基于NOD2信号通路探讨NADPH抑制剂对肾脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的基于抑制核苷酸寡聚化结构域蛋白-2(nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-2,NOD2)信号通路,探讨NADPH抑制剂对大鼠肾脏缺血再灌注损伤(ischemia/reperfusion injury,IRI)的影响及作用机制。方法将雄性Wistar大鼠切除右肾,并随机分为4组:①肾脏缺血再灌注(I/R)组:给予等量生理盐水预处理后夹闭左肾动脉制备IRI模型;②I/R组+氯化二碘联苯(diphenylene iodonium,DPI)组:给予DPI预处理后夹闭左肾动脉制备IRI模型;③I/R组+4-羟基-3甲氧基苯乙酮(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyacetophenone,Apocynin)组:给予Apocynin预处理后夹闭左肾动脉制备肾脏IRI模型;④假手术(Sham)组:给予等量生理盐水处理后不予夹闭左肾动脉。试验结束24 h后收集各组大鼠血及肾组织标本,采用Western blot法分别对NOD2、核因子κB(nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB)、半胱氨酸蛋白酶(Caspase-1)的表达进行检测;采用实时定量PCR法对NOD2 mRNA的表达进行检测;采用HE染色法观察肾脏组织学改变;采用免疫组织化学法检测肾组织炎症因子IL-1β的表达。结果与Sham组比较,I/R组的大鼠肾组织NOD2、NF-κB蛋白、Caspase-1表达显著增加(P<0.05);NOD2 mRNA表达显著增加(P<0.05);I/R组肾脏病理表现为肾小管上皮细胞水肿、坏死,脱落于管腔,肾间质炎性细胞浸润,肾小管损伤评分明显增加(P<0.05)。与I/R组相比,I/R+Apocynin组和I/R+DPI组的NOD2、NF-κB蛋白、Caspase-1表达均显著减少(P<0.05),NOD2 mRNA表达显著减少(P<0.05),肾脏病理显示急性肾小管坏死程度减轻,肾小管损伤评分显著减低(P<0.05)。结论抑制氧化应激可通过阻断NOD2受体信号通路来减轻肾脏IRI过程。     

七氟醚预处理对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注时Toll 样受体4表达的影响

目的 探讨七氟醚预处理对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注时Toll样受体4(TLR4)表达的影响.方法 清洁级健康雄性SD大鼠30只,体重250～300 g,采用随机数字表法,将大鼠随机分为3组(n=10):假手术组(S组)开胸暴露30 min,左冠状动脉前降支仅穿线不结扎;心肌缺血再灌注组(IR组)采用结扎左冠状动脉前降支30 min,再灌注2 h的方法 制备大鼠心肌缺血再灌注模型;七氟醚预处理组(SP组)吸入2.5%七氟醚30 min,洗脱15 min后制备模型.于再灌注2 h时处死大鼠取心脏,观察心肌组织病理学结果,采用Western blot法检测TLR4、NF-κB和TNF-α的蛋白表达水平.结果 与S组比较,IR组和SP组TLR4、NF-κB和TNF-α的蛋白表达上调(P＜0.05);与IR组比较,SP组TLR4、NF-κB和TNF-α的蛋白表达下调(P＜0.05).病理学结果 显示:SP组心肌细胞损伤较IR组减轻.结论 七氟醚预处理可通过抑制TLR4表达上调降低炎性反应,从而减轻大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of sevoflurane preconditioning on the expression of Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4) during myocardial ischemia reperfusion(IR) in rats.Methods Thirty male SD rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=10 each):sham operation group (S group) , IR group and sevoflurane preconditioning group(SP group).Myocardial ischemia was produced by temporary ligation of anterior descending branch of left coronary artery for 30 min followed by 2 h reperfusion. In SP group, the animals inhaled 2.5% sevoflurane for 30 min followed by 15 min washout before ischemia. The rats were sacrificed at 2 h of reperfusion, hearts removed and myocardial tissues obtained for microscopic examination.The expression of TLR4, NF-κB and TNF-α was detected using Western blot. Results The expression of TLR4, NF-κB and TNF-α was significantly up-regulated in IR and SP groups compared with group S (P＜0.05).The expression of TLR4, NF-κB and TNF-α was significantly down-regulated in group SP compared with group IR (P＜0.05).The myocardial injury was attenuated in group SP.Conclusion Sevoflurane preconditioning can attenuate myocardial IR injury by inhibiting the up-regulation of TLR4 expression and reducing the inflammatory response.     

肿瘤坏死因子-α、Fas/FasL在急性胰腺炎肝细胞凋亡中的作用

目的 观察大鼠肝枯否细胞(KCs)产生的炎症因子肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、Fas/FasL和核因子(NF)-κB在重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)肝细胞凋亡中的作用,并探讨其与全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)之间的关系.方法 将50只SD大鼠随机分成3组:(1)假手术对照(SO)组;(2)SAP组;(3)SAP(枯否细胞抑制)组.SAP模型通过胰胆管逆行注射5%牛磺胆酸钠诱导.假手术及造模大鼠均24 h后处死,无菌条件下取肝脏组织,制作石蜡切片,免疫组织化学SP法检测TNF-α、Fas/FasL的表达,原位杂交法检测NF-κB的表达,TUNEL法检测肝细胞凋亡.结果 (1)TNF-α、Fas/FasL和NF-κB在SAP组高表达,阳性率分别为90.0%、85.0%和80.0%,与SO组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);SAP枯否细胞抑制组它们表达下降,与SAP组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),与SO组比仍然高表达(P<0.05).(2)NF-κB与Fas/FasL及TNF-α的表达均密切相关,相关系数分别为r1=0.78(P<0.05),r2=0.88(P<0.05).(3)肝细胞的凋亡与TNF-α、Fas/FasL和NF-κB的表达呈正相关,相关系数分别为ra=0.72,rb=0.91,rc=0.34,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 在SAP时TNF-α能造成肝细胞凋亡并能引起全身炎症反应,NF-κB在SAP时细胞因子基因表达中起中心作用,Fas/FasL在肝细胞凋亡中起重要作用;枯否细胞在SAP时释放炎症因子造成肝损伤引起肝细胞凋亡,抑制枯否细胞能减轻SAP时肝细胞凋亡,从而降低SAP病死率,提高SAP的治愈率.     

异氟醚预处理对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注时TLR4和MyD88表达的影响

目的 评价异氟醚预处理对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注时Toll样受体4(TLR4)和髓样分化因子88(MyD88)表达的影响.方法 雄性成年SD大鼠54只,体重250～300 g,随机分为3组(n=18):假手术组(S组)仅分离血管,不留置线栓;脑缺血再灌注组(IR组)采用线栓法制备大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型,缺血2 h,再灌注24 h;异氟醚预处理(IP组)吸入2%异氟醚,1h/d,连续5 d,处理结束后24 h时制备大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型.再灌注24 h时进行神经功能缺陷评分,然后每组处死3只大鼠,测定脑梗死体积.分别于再灌注24、48和72 h时,处死5只大鼠,取右侧大脑缺血部位额叶皮质,采用Western blot法测定TLR4、MyD88和NF-κB的表达水平.结果 与S组比较,IR组和IP组神经功能缺陷评分升高,脑梗死体积增大,IR组TLR4、MyD88和NF-κB的表达均上调,IP组MyD88和NF-κB的表达上调(P＜0.05);与IR组比较,IP组神经功能缺陷评分降低,脑梗死体积减小,TLR4、MyD88和NF-κB的表达均下调(P＜0.05).结论 异氟烷预处理可通过抑制脑组织TLR4和MyD88的表达,减轻炎性反应,从而减轻大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤.     

益肾胶囊对糖尿病肾病大鼠肾组织炎症因子NF-κB的影响

目的：观察益肾胶囊对糖尿病肾病（DN）大鼠肾组织核转录因子-κB（nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB）表达的影响。方法：将40只健康雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为：正常对照组（对照组）、DN模型组（模型组）、氯沙坦组、益肾胶囊组,每组10只。利用链脲佐菌素（STZ）诱导右肾切除的大鼠制备DN模型。氯沙坦组灌胃氯沙坦钾20mg·kg-1.d-1,益肾胶囊组灌胃益肾胶囊625mg·kg-1.d-1,对照组及模型组每日给予等量的蒸镏水灌胃,实验周期为12周。实验过程中观察大鼠24h尿蛋白定量、血肌酐（Scr）、尿素氮（BUN）变化,光镜下观察肾脏病理变化,采用免疫荧光法检测各组大鼠肾组织NF-κB的表达。结果：12周末,DN模型组大鼠的24h尿蛋白定量、Scr、BUN均高于正常对照组（P〈0.05）,肾组织中NF-κB表达水平明显高于正常对照组（P〈0.05）;益肾胶囊治疗组大鼠24h尿蛋白定量、Scr、BUN均低于模型组（P〈0.05）,肾组织NF-κB表达水平明显低于DN模型组（P〈0.05）。结论：益肾胶囊可能通过下调DN大鼠肾脏组织NF-κB的表达,延缓DN的进展。     

大黄素对大鼠急性胰腺炎的治疗作用

目的 探讨大黄素诱导细胞凋亡对大鼠急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis,AP)的治疗作用.方法 45只SD大鼠分为对照组、胰腺炎组、治疗组,每组15只.观察胰腺组织内腺泡细胞凋亡指数、NF-κB mRNA、Bax mRNA、外周血中中性粒细胞(polymorphonuclear neutrophii,PMN)凋亡指数及天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶(caspase-3、caspase-8)的变化情况.结果 与胰腺炎组比较,治疗组腺泡细胞和PMN凋亡指数及胰腺组织内NF-κB mRNA、Bax mRNA、PMN caspase-3与caspase-8表达均明显增加(F=853.199,327.126,143.586,48.857,231.750,96.552,P＜0.05).治疗组中,胰腺组织病理学评分与胰腺腺泡细胞凋亡指数、PMN凋亡指数均呈负相关(r=-0.96,-0.94,P＜0.05);胰腺腺泡细胞凋亡指数与胰腺组织内NF-κB mRNA、Bax mRNA表达呈正相关(r=0.73,0.76,P＜0.05);胰腺组织内NF-κB mRNA与Bax mRNA表达呈正相关(r=0.94,P＜0.05);PMN凋亡指数与PMN caspase-3、caspase-8表达均呈正相关(r=0.99,0.99,P＜0.05).结论 大黄素能有效治疗AP,其机制是通过Bax途径诱导胰腺腺泡细胞凋亡,并通过caspase途径来诱导外周血中PMN凋亡,从而明显减轻AP病情程度.     

丙酮酸乙酯对大鼠重症急性胰腺炎肾损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨丙酮酸乙酯对大鼠重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)肾损伤的治疗作用及其机制.方法 72只大鼠随机分为假手术组(S组),SAP组(P组)、丙酮酸乙酯治疗组(T组).大鼠SAP模型由5%牛磺胆酸钠胆胰管逆行注射诱发而成.各组于术后3、6、12 h检测血清中肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、白细胞介素(IL)-6、高迁移率族蛋白B...     

雌激素对大鼠肝切除肝缺血再灌注损伤中核因子-κB/IκB传导通路的影响及保护作用

目的 观察雌激素对大鼠肝切除肝缺血再灌注损伤中核因子-κB(NF-κB)/抑制蛋白(IκB)传导通路影响.方法 制作肝切除肝缺血再灌注损伤动物模型,雄性SD大鼠随机分为3组:假手术组(Sham组);肝切除肝缺血再灌注组(I/R组);肝切除肝缺血再灌注+雌激素组(I/R+ E2 组).分别在缺血再灌注后1、3、6h光镜下观察肝组织病理学改变,检测血清天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)的水平和肝组织丙二醛(MDA)的含量及超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)的活性,免疫组织化学法测定肝组织NF-κB的表达,Western blot检测NF-κB抑制蛋白(IκB-α)和细胞间黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)表达,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率.结果 再灌注后I/R组在各时相血清ALT、AST均显著高于I/R +E2组,并于6h达到峰值(P＜0.05).与I/R+E2组和Sham比较,I/R组肝细胞凋亡率显著升高(P＜0.01);肝组织中IκB-α表达降低,而NF-κB表达增高(P＜0.05);ICAM-1 和MDA的结果变化和NF-κB表达水平变化类似,SOD呈相反变化.在光镜下观察,I/R组肝小叶结构紊乱,肝窦淤血,肝细胞水肿变性,肝细胞片状坏死,在Sham组和I/R +E2组上述病理学变化明显改善.结论 雌激素对肝切除肝脏缺血再灌注损伤有显著保护作用,其作用机制可能与雌激素影响NF-κB/IκB传导通路、减轻脂质过氧化反应、减少炎症介质释放及抑制细胞凋亡有关.     

Role and mechanism of Angiotensin Ⅱ-induced ChemR23 in podocyte injury

Objective To observe the expression of ChemR23 induced by Angiotensin Ⅱ (AngⅡ) in podocyte and its role in renal injury. Methods Conditionally immortalized mice podocytes were cultured in vitro. Immunofluorescence was used to observe the sub-cellular location of ChemR23. The expressions of ChemR23, Nephrin and Podocin stimulated by different concentrations of AngⅡ were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Lentivirus targeting ChemR23 was used. The expressions of Nephrin and Podocin and the phosphorylation state of NF-κB P65 were detected by Western Blot. The inhibitor of NF-κB P65 was added to the cultural medium for 2 h before AngⅡ stimulation. The effect of NF-κB P65 inhibitor on AngⅡ-induced expression of Nephrin and Podocin was detected by Western Blot. Results It is showed that ChemR23 was located in cytosol and membrane. Compared with the normal control, the expression of ChemR23 was significantly increased by AngⅡ in mRNA and protein level, while the expressions of Nephrin and Podocin were decreased (P＜0.05). When using Lentivirus vector to interfere the expression of ChemR23, AngⅡ-repressed expressions of Nephrin and Podocin were restored (P＜0.05). Western Blot showed the level of phosphorylated NF-κB P65 was significantly increased by AngⅡ stimulation (P＜0.05), which could be inhibited by interfering the expression of ChemR23. When adding the NF-κB P65 inhibitor, the low expression of Nephrin and Podocin induced by AngⅡ stimulation was restored (P＜0.05). Conclusions AngⅡ can induce ChemR23 expression, which activates NF-κB P65 signaling pathway, and then inhibits the expressions of Nephrin and Podocin. Targeting ChemR23 is a potential way to alleviate podocyte injury caused by AngⅡ.     

乌司他丁对大鼠肢体缺血再灌注时肺组织NF-κB表达的影响

目的 探讨乌司他丁对大鼠肢体缺血再灌注时肺组织NF-κB表达的影响.方法 雄性SD大鼠48只,体重230～260 g,采用随机数字表,将其随机分为3组(n=16):假手术组(S组)、肢体缺血再灌注组(I/R组)和乌司他丁组(U组).I/R组和U组采用夹闭双侧股动脉2 h再开放的方法 制备后肢缺血再灌注诱发肺损伤模型.分别于再灌注2、4 h时处死8只大鼠,取肺组织,计算肺组织湿/干重比,采用免疫组化法测定NF-κB表达水平,光镜下观察病理学结果.结果 与S组比较,I/R组肺组织湿/干重比升高,肺组织NF-κB表达上调(P＜0.05);与I/R组比较,U组肺组织湿/干重比降低,肺组织NF-κB表达下调(P＜0.05).U组肺组织损伤程度轻于I/R组.结论 乌司他丁可下调肺组织NFκB表达,从而减轻大鼠肢体缺血再灌注诱发肺损伤.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of ulinastatin on the expression of NF-κB in lung tissues during limb ischemia-reperfusion(I/R) in rats.Methods Forty-eight male SD rats weighing 230-260 g were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=16 each):sham operation group (group S);I/R group; ulinastatin group (group U).A rat model of lung injury induced by I/R of hind limbs which was produced by occlusion of the bilateral femoral arteries for 2 h followed by reperfusion was established.The rats were sacrificed at 2 and 4 h of reperfusion(8 rats at each time point) and the lung tissues removed for determination of NF-κB expression (by immuno-histochemistry) and microscopic examination.W/D lung weight ratio was calculated.Results W/D lung weight ratio was significantly increased and NF-κB expression was up-regulated in group I/R compared with group S(P＜ 0.05). W/D lung weight ratio was significantly decreased and NF-κB expression was down-regulated in group U compared with group I/R (P＜0.05). The lung injury induced by I/R was reduced in group U compared with group I/R. Conclusion Ulinastatin can reduce the lung injury induced by limb I/R by down-regulating the expression of NF-κB in rat lung tissues.