电焊作业工人血中几种生物指标变化的探讨

目的　探讨电焊作业工人血中 5种微量元素、过氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)和脂质过氧化代谢产物———丙二醛 (LPO -MDA)及铁代谢蛋白的变化。方法　分别测定电焊作业工人 (锰暴露人群 )和对照人群全血SOD和血清LPO -MDA、铁、锰、铅、铜、锌及血清铁蛋白、转铁蛋白、转铁蛋白受体的浓度。结果　暴露组的SOD活性下降 ,LPO-MDA升高 ,与对照组比较有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5) ;暴露组血清转铁蛋白量比对照组高 1 19倍 ;转铁蛋白受体水平低于对照组 1 3 4倍。暴露组与对照组血清中 5种微量元素含量测定结果表明 ,暴露组锰和铁的含量均明显高于对照组 (P <0 0 1) ,而锌和铅的含量则明显低于对照组 (P <0 0 1)。结论　锰暴露导致作业工人血中的脂质过氧化(LPO -MDA)水平明显升高 ,参与铁代谢蛋白合成的血清转铁蛋白含量、转铁蛋白受体发生了变化 ,同时引起体内部分微量元素的失衡     

低浓度丙烯腈对职业工人健康影响的研究

目的探讨低浓度丙烯腈（AN）对职业工人健康的慢性伤害，为保护职业接触工人健康提供依据。方法检测4家以AN为原料的化工企业车间空气AN浓度；选取267名AN作业工人为暴露组，条件相当且无化学毒物接触的食品、公共场所从业人员342人为对照组，分析接触低浓度AN对工人健康的影响。结果暴露组头疼、头晕、心悸、胸闷、失眠、咽痛、腹痛等自觉症状高于对照组（P〈0．05）；男性愤怒状态高于对照组（P〈0．01），女性愤怒、紧张、忧郁、疲惫状态显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）；血压、脉压、白细胞高于对照组（P〈0．05）；血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶异常率（18．35％）高于对照组（2．63％）（P〈0．01）；肝脂肪浸润、脂肪肝发生率高于对照组（P〈0．05）；外周血淋巴细胞染色体总畸变率、畸变阳性率高于对照组（P〈0．01），淋巴细胞微核率、微核阳性检出率高于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论长期接触低浓度AN对职业工人健康有一定伤害。     

尿毒症患者平均红细胞血红蛋白与铁含量的关系

目的探讨尿毒症患者平均红细胞血红蛋白与铁含量的关系。方法89例尿毒症患者按治疗方法分为三组（未透析组、腹透组及血透组），分别测定血红蛋白（Hb）、红细胞压积（Hct）、平均红细胞血红蛋白（MCH）、血清铁、总铁结合力、血清铁蛋白等，并计算转铁蛋白饱和度。结果血透组MCH较未透析组和腹透组均明显降低（P均〈0．05）；未透析组和腹透组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。血透组血清铁及转铁蛋白饱和度较腹透组均明显降低（P〈0．005或〈0．05）。MCH〈30Pg的患者转铁蛋白饱和度较MCH≥30Pg的患者明显减低（P〈0．05）；两者血清铁及铁蛋白水平差异均无统计学意义（P均〉0．05）。尿毒症患者MCH与转铁蛋白饱和度呈正相关，r=0．559，P〈0．001。结论尿毒症患者透析与否普遍存在贫血，腹透患者缺铁的程度较轻。MCH可替代转铁蛋白饱和度作为尿毒症患者铁状态的参考指标，血常规检查可以既简便又快速地初步了解尿毒症患者的铁状态。     

锰作业工人免疫球蛋白和微量元素含量变化

目的 探讨锰作业工人长期接触锰烟尘对机体免疫功能和微量元素含量的影响变化。方法采用单向免疫扩散法和原子吸收分光光度计分别测定116名锰作业工人血清免疫球蛋白（IgA、IgG、IgM）含量和血中锰、锌、铜、铁和尿锰的含量。结果锰作业工人血清IgG、IgM均低于对照组（P〈0．05）；锰作业工人血清IgM、IgG与血锰含量呈负相关；尿锰与血锰含量呈正相关（P〈0．05），当血锰0．05μmol／L以上时，血锌、铜出现不同程度的下降。血铁含量变化不明显。结论锰作业工人长期接触锰烟尘，能降低机体微量元素锌、铜含量，并对免疫功能存在不同程度的抑制作用。     

焦炉工血清谷胱甘肽硫转移酶活力和血清丙二醛的关系

目的研究血清谷胱甘肽硫转移酶（GST）能否作为焦炉工人多环芳烃的暴露评价指标。方法选择某焦化厂52名炼焦作业区焦炉工人作为PAHs暴露组，31名非炼焦区作业工人（行政人员）作为对照组，采集静脉血用试剂盒检测血清GST活力和MDA水平。结果焦炉工血清GST活力和MDA水平分别高于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；广义线性回归分析显示：血清MDA对GST活力的影响有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；血清GST活力和MDA水平在统计学上呈正相关（P〈0．01）。结论焦炉工人血清GST有可能作为多环芳烃的暴露评价指标。     

原发性高血压和脑梗死患者红细胞铁与血清铁、血清铁蛋白关系的研究

目的 探讨高血压和腑梗死患者红细胞铁与血清铁、血清铁蛋白之间关系。方法随机选择20例高血压患者为高血压组，20例腩梗死患者为腩梗死组，25例健康正常人为对照组，采朋原子吸收分光光度法、硫代巴比妥酸（TRA）比色法、化学比色法，测定红细胞铁与血清铁、血清铁蛋白。结果与对照组比较，高血压组和脑梗死组患者红细胞铁均增高（P〈0．05），血清铁、血清铁蛋白明显增高（P〈0．01），以血清铁蛋白增高更为明显。结论原发性高血压和脑梗死患者存在红细胞铁、血清铁以及血清铁蛋白的增高．此过程可能与自由基清除率降低有关。     

超声波探伤作业对神经行为功能的影响

目的探讨超声波探伤作业对神经行为功能的影响。方法采用WHO推荐的神经行为核心测试组合（Neurobehavioural Core Test Batteries，NCTB），对56名超声波探伤作业工人（观察组）和56名无职业病暴露的行政人员（对照组）的情感状态（POMS）、简单视觉运动反应时、数字跨度、手提转捷度、数字译码、Benton视觉保留、目标追踪测试Ⅱ等进行测试。结果在情感状态测试中，观察组精力充沛得分低于对照组（P〈0．05），疲劳、困惑得分高于对照组（P〈0．05）；行为功能测试中，观察组数字跨度、视觉保留项得分均低于对照组（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。二组有差异的各项中，男性观察组紧张、忧郁、疲劳项得分高于对照组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）；女性只有目标追踪Ⅱ中错误打点数观察组高于对照组（P〈0．05）。〈10年工龄时，观察组情感状态中紧张、疲劳项得分高于对照组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01），精力充沛项得分低于对照组（P〈0．05），行为功能中视觉保留得分低于对照组（P〈0．05），手提转捷度顺手项得分高于对照组（P〈0．01）；≥10年工龄时，观察组数字跨度得分低于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论超声波探伤作业对神经行为功能有一定的影响，尤其是对男性作业工人；接触工龄与神经行为功能效应关系不明显。     

应激对大鼠造血系统铁含量影响

目的观察2种应激条件下大鼠血清和骨髓铁含量的变化及血清铁代谢相关蛋白变化。方法将30只大鼠随机分为空白对照组、心理应激组和足底电击组。实验应激周期为3，7，14d。应激结束后，用原子吸收法（AAS）测定血清铁（SI）；用酸性亚铁氰化钾染色法测定骨髓铁含量；用ELISA试剂盒测定血清铁蛋白（SF）和血清转铁蛋白受体（sTfR）。结果与对照组比较，心理应激组大鼠的SI分别下降28．4％，27．7％和34．0％，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；足底电击组大鼠的SI分别下降28．5％，18．3％和40．7％，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；7，14d心理应激组和足底电击组骨髓铁含量明显下降；铁调节蛋白含量变化，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论足底电击、心理应激可引起大鼠血清铁下降和骨髓铁减少，后者下降程度随应激周期延长而增加。应激7，14d时，SF显著下降，sTfR显著升高，表明机体贮存铁减少已开始影响红系增生。     

八氯二丙醚生产工人p53蛋白及氧化损伤检测

目的检测八氯二丙醚生产工人氧化损伤及血清p53蛋白表达情况。方法选择暴露于八氯二丙醚工人21名为研究对象，另选21名非暴露者为对照，进行血清p53蛋白及丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH—Px）的测定。结果暴露于八氯二丙醚工人血清p53蛋白水平略高于对照组，但工龄〉8年组血清p53蛋白的水平显著高于工龄〈8年组。差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；SOD、GSH—Px酶活性略低于对照组，MDA水平则显示升高（P〈0．01）。结论长期暴露接触于八氯二丙醚作业工人可有p53基因异常的危险性，以及对氧化性应激的易感性。     

职业铅接触对工人骨密度和骨代谢的影响

目的探讨职业铅接触对工人骨密度和骨代谢的影响。方法以上海某蓄电池厂298名铅作业工人为职业接触对象，同时选取该厂无职业铅接触史的办公室工作人员81名作为对照。血铅（BPb）、尿铅（UPb）为接触标志物；代表骨质疏松的Z评分、尿羟脯氨酸（HYP）、血清碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、血清骨碱性磷酸酶（BALP）、血清骨钙素（BGP）为效应标志物。应用单光子骨密度仪（SPA-4）测定工人骨密度。结果职业铅接触组人群BPb、UPb、HYP、ALP、BALP均高于对照组，其中男性差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；接触组BGP高于对照组，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；接触组骨密度低于对照组，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。与UPb 0-μg／gCr组比，各人群UPb10-μg／gCr组的骨密度均明显降低，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；与BPb0～μg／L组比，男性BPb300-μg／L组的骨密度明显下降，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。分别与UPb0-μg／gCr组、BPb0-μg／L组比，各人群UPb20-μg／gCr组、BPb300-μg／L组的HYP、ALP、BALP、BGP均明显升高，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。随着体内铅接触水平的升高，人群骨质疏松的患病率和各骨代谢指标的异常率均随之明显升高，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01），并呈线性相关（P〈0．01），但BGP的异常率与UPb无明显联系（P〉0．05）。计算得到基准剂量（BMD），推出基准剂量的95％低限水平（BMDL）。铅所引起的骨质疏松指标的BPb、UPbBMDL值均高于铅致骨代谢指标改变的BMDL值。结论职业铅接触能引起人群骨密度降低而导致骨质疏松，并且可以影响工人骨代谢。     

Occupational exposure to welding fume among welders: alterations of manganese, iron, zinc, copper, and lead in body fluids and the oxidative stress status

Welders in this study were selected from a vehicle manufacturer; control subjects were from a nearby food factory. Airborne manganese levels in the breathing zones of welders and controls were 1.45 +/- SD1.08 mg/m and 0.11 +/- 0.07 microg/m, respectively. Serum levels of manganese and iron in welders were 4.3-fold and 1.9-fold, respectively, higher than those of controls. Blood lead concentrations in welders increased 2.5-fold, whereas serum zinc levels decreased 1.2-fold, in comparison with controls. Linear regression revealed the lack of associations between blood levels of five metals and welder's age. Furthermore, welders had erythrocytic superoxide dismutase activity and serum malondialdehyde levels 24% less and 78% higher, respectively, than those of controls. These findings suggest that occupational exposure to welding fumes among welders disturbs the homeostasis of trace elements in systemic circulation and induces oxidative stress.     

Levels and predictors of airborne and internal exposure to manganese and iron among welders

We investigated airborne and internal exposure to manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) among welders. Personal sampling of welding fumes was carried out in 241 welders during a shift. Metals were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Mn in blood (MnB) was analyzed by graphite furnace atom absorption spectrometry. Determinants of exposure levels were estimated with multiple regression models. Respirable Mn was measured with a median of 62 (inter-quartile range (IQR) 8.4-320) μg/m(3) and correlated with Fe (r=0.92, 95% CI 0.90-0.94). Inhalable Mn was measured with similar concentrations (IQR 10-340?μg/m(3)). About 70% of the variance of Mn and Fe could be explained, mainly by the welding process. Ventilation decreased exposure to Fe and Mn significantly. Median concentrations of MnB and serum ferritin (SF) were 10.30?μg/l (IQR 8.33-13.15?μg/l) and 131?μg/l (IQR 76-240?μg/l), respectively. Few welders were presented with low iron stores, and MnB and SF were not correlated (r=0.07, 95% CI -0.05 to 0.20). Regression models revealed a significant association of the parent metal with MnB and SF, but a low fraction of variance was explained by exposure-related factors. Mn is mainly respirable in welding fumes. Airborne Mn and Fe influenced MnB and SF, respectively, in welders. This indicates an effect on the biological regulation of both metals. Mn and Fe were strongly correlated, whereas MnB and SF were not, likely due to higher iron stores among welders.     

Manganese absorption and retention by young women is associated with serum ferritin concentration.

BACKGROUND: The interaction between iron and manganese in the gut is well characterized but iron status has not been shown to affect manganese absorption. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine whether iron status as determined by serum ferritin concentrations affects manganese absorption, retention, balance, and status. DESIGN: The subjects were healthy young women; 11 had serum ferritin concentrations >50 microg/L and 15 had serum ferritin concentrations <15 microg/L. In a crossover design, subjects consumed diets that supplied either 0.7 or 9.5 mg Mn/d for 60 d. Manganese absorption and retention were assessed during the last 30 d of each dietary period by using an oral dose of 54Mn; balance was assessed simultaneously. RESULTS: Dietary manganese did not affect manganese status, but high serum ferritin depressed arginase activity. The interaction of ferritin status and dietary manganese affected 54Mn absorption and biological half-life. Absorption was greatest in subjects with low ferritin concentrations when they were consuming the low-manganese diet, and was least in subjects with high ferritin concentrations. Biological half-life was longest when subjects with high ferritin concentrations consumed the low-manganese diet, and was shortest in all subjects consuming the high-manganese diet. Manganese balance was only affected by the amount of manganese in the diet. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that iron status, as measured by serum ferritin concentration, is strongly associated with the amount of manganese absorbed from a meal by young women. When greater amounts of manganese are absorbed, the body may compensate by excreting manganese more quickly.     

Non-anemic iron depletion,oral iron supplementation and indices of copper status in college-aged females

OBJECTIVES: Indices of copper status, specifically serum copper and ceruloplasmin concentrations and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity, and iron status, including serum ferritin, transferrin receptors, hemoglobin and hematocrit, were studied in 27 college-aged females with adequate iron versus low iron stores. METHODS: Serum copper and ceruloplasmin concentrations, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity, serum ferritin, transferrin receptors, hemoglobin and hematocrit were studied in 15 females with non-anemic iron depletion before and after five weeks of iron supplementation and in 12 healthy iron-adequate females aged 19 to 28 years. RESULTS: Mean hemoglobin, hematocrit and ferritin concentrations of the control group (144 +/- 11 g/L, 43 +/- 3% and 38 +/- 15 micro g/L, respectively) were significantly higher than those of the iron depleted group prior to supplementation (134 +/- 9 g/L, 39 +/- 2% and 11 +/- 6 micro g/L, respectively). The serum transferrin receptor to serum ferritin ratio was significantly greater for the iron depleted group prior to supplementation (890 +/- 753) versus the control group (151 +/- 61). Mean serum copper and ceruloplasmin concentrations and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity of the iron-adequate control group (20.0 +/- 5.7 micro mol/L, 463 +/- 142 mg/L and 527 +/- 124 U/mL, respectively) were significantly higher than those of the iron depleted group (12.4 +/- 3.8 micro mol/L, 350 +/- 108 mg/L and 353 +/- 186 U/mL, respectively) prior to supplementation. Following iron supplementation, hematocrit and ferritin concentrations of the iron depleted group significantly increased to 42 +/- 3% and 26 +/- 8 micro g/L, respectively. Mean serum transferrin receptor concentrations and the serum transferrin receptor to ferritin ratios significantly decreased in the iron depleted group following supplementation (6.1 +/- 1.6 mg/L to 4.6 +/- 1.5 mg/L and 890 +/- 753 to 198 +/- 114, respectively). Iron supplementation also significantly increased the mean serum copper concentration to 14.2 +/- 5.4 micro mol/L and, in subjects with serum ferritin concentrations 相似文献   

Relationships among iron absorption, percent saturation of plasma transferrin and serum ferritin concentration in humans

The percent absorption of iron from four dietary sources was compared in 2018 human subjects with three indicators of iron status, serum ferritin concentration, percent saturation of plasma transferrin and iron absorption from a reference dose of ferrous sulfate. Higher correlation coefficients (r) were obtained by comparing dietary iron absorption with the reference dose absorption rather than with serum ferritin; for example, r = +0.61 and r = -0.38, respectively, for a meat and vegetable meal. However, in practice serum ferritin is almost as efficient as the reference dose absorption in estimating dietary iron absorption, because the 95% confidence limits calculated from the regression equations were very similar. The values of r calculated for iron absorption versus transferrin saturation were comparable to those obtained with the other indicators only in the range of transferrin saturation values below 25%, whereas in more iron-replete subjects (transferrin saturation greater than 25%), this correlation virtually disappeared. This indicates that, although both serum ferritin and transferrin saturation reflect iron status in iron-depleted subjects, the control of iron absorption in iron-replete subjects is more dependent on iron stores as reflected in the serum ferritin concentration than the percent saturation of transferrin.     

上海市宝山区焊接作业场所中电焊烟尘和锰及其无机化合物浓度调查

目的了解上海市宝山区焊接作业场所中电焊烟尘、锰及其无机化合物浓度情况。方法以个体采样方法采集电焊烟尘和锰及其无机化合物,分别采用滤膜称重法和火焰原子吸收光谱法分别进行检测。结果分别对91名焊工和47名焊工进行电焊烟尘和锰及其无机化合物个体采样,结果 28人(30.8%)电焊烟尘时间加权平均(TWA)浓度超过国家职业接触限值,14人(29.8%)锰及其化合物浓度超过国家职业接触限值。CO2气保焊组电焊烟尘TWA均值为5.22 mg/m3,是其他焊接组TWA均值的2.8倍,锰及其无机化合物TWA均值为0.221 mg/m3,是其他焊接组TWA均值的2.7倍。结论 CO2气保焊岗位电焊烟尘、锰及其无机化合物职业危害都较严重。工厂企业应加强职业卫生管理,改善工作环境,为焊工配备有效的个人防护用品,以保障工人身体健康。     

Low iron stores are related to higher blood concentrations of manganese, cobalt and cadmium in non-smoking, Norwegian women in the HUNT 2 study

Low iron (Fe) stores may influence absorption or transport of divalent metals in blood. To obtain more knowledge about such associations, the divalent metal ions cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb) and parameters of Fe metabolism (serum ferritin, haemoglobin (Hb) and transferrin) were investigated in 448 healthy, menstruating non-smoking women, age 20-55 years (mean 38 years), participating in the Norwegian HUNT 2 study.The study population was stratified for serum ferritin: 257 were iron-depleted (serum ferritin <12 μg/L) and 84 had iron deficiency anaemia (serum ferritin <12 μg/L and Hb<120 g/L). The low ferritin group had increased blood concentrations of Mn, Co and Cd but normal concentrations of Cu, Zn and Pb. In multiple regression models, ferritin emerged as the main determinant of Mn, Co and Cd (p<0.001), while no significant associations with Cu, Zn and Pb were found. Adjusted r² for the models were 0.28, 0.48 and 0.34, respectively. Strong positive associations between blood concentrations of Mn, Co and Cd were observed, also when controlled for their common association with ferritin. Apart from these associations, the models showed no significant interactions between the six divalent metals studied. Very mild anaemia (110≤Hb<120 g/L) did not seem to have any effect independent of low ferritin. Approximately 26% of the women with iron deficiency anaemia had high concentrations of all of Mn, Co and Cd as opposed to 2.3% of iron-replete subjects.The results confirm that low serum ferritin may have an impact on body kinetics of certain divalent metal ions, but not all. Only a fraction of women with low iron status exhibited an increased blood concentration of divalent metals, providing indication of complexities in the body's handling of these metals.     

Relation between various chromium compounds and some other elements in fumes from manual metal arc stainless steel welding.

For the years 1987-1990 160 individual samples of manual metal arc stainless steel (MMA/SS) welding fumes from the breathing zone of welders in four industrial plants were collected. Concentrations of soluble and insoluble chromium (Cr) III and Cr VI compounds as well as of some other welding fume elements (Fe, Mn, Ni, F) were determined. Concentration of welding fumes in the breathing zone ranged from 0.2 to 23.4 mg/m3. Total Cr amounted to 0.005-0.991 mg/m3 (including 0.005-0.842 mg/m3 Cr VI). Total Cr content of fumes varied from 0.1 to 7.4%. The distribution of particular Cr compounds was: 52.6% soluble Cr (including 50.7% Cr VI), 65.5% total Cr VI, and 11.4% insoluble Cr VI. The results obtained indicate that MMA/SS welding is a process that could be highly hazardous to human health. Evaluation of occupational exposure has shown that MMA/SS welders may exceed the admissible concentrations of soluble and insoluble Cr VI forms as well as of Mn and Ni. In the plants investigated the sum of the ratios of concentrations of particular welding fumes in the breathing zone of welders exceeded corresponding maximum allowable concentration values by 24 times (including 17 times for total Cr VI). Due to the variety and changeability of particular parameters occurring in the working environment, the composition of MMA/SS welding fumes (in the welder's breathing zone) is so variable that it is not possible to assess the exposure by means of one universal exposure indicator (maximum additive hygienic limit value). The evaluation should be based on the results of measurements of concentrations of particular elements in welding fumes.     

Comparison of serum levels of iron, zinc and copper in anaemic and non-anaemic pregnant women in China

Zinc and copper deficiency is associated with anaemia or iron deficiency and affects fetus growth and pregnant women during pregnancy. To examine iron, zinc and copper status of Chinese pregnant women with and without anaemia in the third trimester, 1185 subjects were enrolled for measurements of Hb, ferritin, transferrin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), and serum iron, zinc and copper. The results showed that there were lower levels of ferritin (14.1 microg/L) and transferrin (3.33 g/L) in subjects with Hbor=101 g/L. sTfR levels in subjects with Hbor=120 g/L (38.5 nmol/L vs. 25.04 nmol/L, P<0.001). Serum iron was lower in subjects with Hbor=120 g/L (871 microg/L vs. 990 microg/L, P<0.01). Lower levels of serum iron and zinc were also found in anaemic (Hb<110 g/L) as compared with non-anaemic women (Hb>or=110 g/L). Frequencies of marginal deficiencies in serum iron and zinc were 41.58% and 51.05% respectively higher in anaemic than in non-anaemic subjects. Distribution of serum zinc and iron showed a decreasing trend as Hb decreased. Few anaemic as well as non-anaemic subjects had copper deficiency although copper and Hb levels were found inversely correlated and the ratio of copper/iron was higher in anaemic than in non-anaemic group. In conclusion, a lower level of serum zinc in anaemic pregnant women might be related to anaemia and iron deficiency during pregnancy. Therefore, combined zinc and iron supplementation should be recommended to Chinese pregnant women, especially those with anaemia.