运动对癌症患者免疫功能影响的Meta分析

目的 评价运动对癌症患者免疫功能的影响.方法 检索PubMed、EBSCO、Springer、CINAHL、Cochrane Library和中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据库、维普中文科技期刊数据库,收集运动对癌症患者免疫功能影响的随机对照试验研究文献,采用RevMan5.3进行数据的统计分析.结果 纳入6篇文献,合并分析结果显示,运动对癌症患者C反应蛋白、IL-6水平、TNF-α水平无影响(均P＞0.05),可显著提高NK细胞活性(WMD=8.16,95％CI 4.39～11.94,P＜0.01).结论 中、小强度有规律的运动可以提高癌症患者NK细胞活性,增强患者免疫功能.     

维持性血液透析患者运动锻炼的研究进展

对维持性血液透析患者运动锻炼情况评估及测量、运动频率及时间、运动强度及运动方式、运动锻炼效果进行综述。运动锻炼可改善血液透析患者心血管功能,调节钙磷代谢,提高血液透析充分性,减轻患者疲乏状况等。建议医护人员在临床实践中结合患者情况,制定个体化、最佳的运动处方,并鼓励和指导患者积极参与规律性运动锻炼。     

运动锻炼对心肌致密化不全心力衰竭患者的影响

目的观察运动锻炼在心肌致密化不全心力衰竭患者中的应用效果。方法将36例心肌致密化不全心力衰竭（心功能Ⅱ～Ⅲ级）患者随机分为对照组（18例）和运动锻炼组（18例）,对照组进行常规治疗和护理,运动锻炼组在此基础上加入运动锻炼,并比较两组患者左室射血分数、心功能、血浆N末端脑钠肽前体水平、运动耐量、生活质量等指标。结果运动锻炼12周后,运动锻炼组左室射血分数升高,心功能得到改善,血浆N末端脑钠肽前体水平显著降低,运动耐量显著增加,生活质量明显提高（均P〈0．01）。结论对心肌致密化不全心力衰竭患者进行运动锻炼,能改善其心功能,提高患者运动耐量和生活质量。     

社区糖尿病患者糖尿病足运动锻炼行为调查分析

目的了解社区糖尿病患者糖尿病足相关运动锻炼行为状况,分析影响因素。方法采用糖尿病足知识问卷、糖尿病足自我锻炼健康信念问卷、糖尿病足自我锻炼行为问卷,对上海市某社区糖尿病患者209例进行调查。结果社区糖尿病患者糖尿病足相关运动锻炼行为得分率60.53%～72.48%;糖尿病足相关知识和健康信念是运动锻炼的主要影响因素(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论社区糖尿病患者的运动锻炼行为不理想,需加强健康教育,提高其知识水平及健康信念,促进其锻炼的健康行为,有效预防糖尿病足。     

持续运动锻炼对绝经后女性骨密度影响的追踪研究

目的比较不同运动锻炼参与程度的绝经后女性骨密度差异及在12个月间的变化。方法对82名符合条件的社区绝经后女性骨密度进行12个月追踪。研究对象分为锻炼量达标组(n=42)和不达标组(n=40),不达标组进一步分为不锻炼和偶尔锻炼亚组。采用定量超声(QUS)法采集跟骨骨密度T值、Z值、超声传导声速(SOS)、超声宽带衰减(BUA),统计各组骨质疏松不同发生风险等级的人数比,测量时间点为基线、6个月和12个月。结果达标组骨密度各指标水平和骨质疏松高度风险人数比(16.7%)在12个月间基本维持稳定(P0.05);不达标组T值(F=11.877,P=0.000)、Z值(F=7.459,P=0.002)、BUA值(F=4.207,P=0.026)在12个月间均出现显著下降,骨质疏松高度风险人数比由20.0%上升至30.0%。达标组与不达标组T值变化具有明显的组间效应(F=4.268,P=0.042)和时间效应(F=6.378,P=0.004)。偶尔锻炼亚组骨密度各指标水平在12个月间下降幅度低于不锻炼亚组。结论不同运动锻炼参与水平可不同程度地维持绝经后女性骨密度水平或延缓其增龄性流失。持续规律的运动锻炼对绝经后女性骨密度水平具有积极的改善作用。     

步行运动锻炼干预对乳腺癌患者化疗相关认知障碍的影响

目的 探讨步行运动锻炼干预对乳腺癌患者化疗相关认知障碍及睡眠质量的影响。方法 采用整群随机法将2个科室首次进行化疗的乳腺癌患者分为两组,各28例。对照组接受化疗期常规护理,干预组在对照组基础上接受步行运动锻炼干预。干预前及干预12周后采用癌症治疗功能评估-认知功能量表、蒙特利尔认知评估量表、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表进行效果评定。结果 两组各有26例患者完成全程研究,干预后干预组患者主观认知得分、客观认知得分显著高于对照组,睡眠质量得分显著低于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论 步行运动锻炼干预可一定程度改善乳腺癌化疗患者认知功能及睡眠质量。     

小梁切除联合羊膜移植术对青光眼患者眼压及滤过泡形成的影响

目的观察小梁切除联合羊膜移植术对青光眼患者眼压及滤过泡形成的影响。方法将2016-04—2017-03间治疗的86例(86只眼)青光眼患者作为研究对象,按照随机数表法将患者分为2组,均43例(43只眼)。对照组实施小梁切除治疗,观察组联合实施羊膜移植术。观察2组术前、术后眼压、滤过泡形成与手术实施情况。结果术前2组眼压差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后观察组眼压低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组功能性滤过泡形成率、手术失败率优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论小梁切除与羊膜移植术联合应用有助于改善青光眼患者眼压,促进功能性滤过泡形成,提升临床治疗效果,促进患者视力恢复。     

系统健康教育对青光眼患者生活质量的影响

目的探讨系统健康教育对青光眼患者生活质量的影响。方法将42例青光眼患者随机分为干预组(22例)和对照组(20例)。对照组采用常规青光眼治疗和护理,干预组在此基础上进行心理、治疗、饮食、生活以及疾病知识等方面系统健康教育。比较入院时(教育前)和3个月后(教育后)两组患者生活质量得分情况。结果教育后干预组患者症状和体征、精神心理状态、生活能力、社会功能、自我护理能力等方面与对照组比较,差异有显著性意义(均P<0.01)。结论系统健康教育可明显提高青光眼患者的生活质量。     

主动脉夹层患者术后康复运动锻炼研究进展

对主动脉夹层患者术后康复运动锻炼的现状、影响因素以及干预方法进行综述,认为主动脉夹层患者术后康复运动体系不够完善、运动监测及指导方式较为单一。提出应制定标准化的运动康复路径、系统的评价指标以及风险控制方法等,探索术后运动锻炼内容,制定符合中国国情的主动脉夹层患者术后康复运动处方,以促进康复运动锻炼在主动脉夹层患者中的应用。     

心力衰竭患者家庭运动行为的自我效能干预

目的探讨运动自我效能干预对心力衰竭患者家庭运动行为的影响。方法将2016年5~7月住院符合纳入标准的40例患者作为对照组,8~10月38例患者作为干预组。对照组进行常规健康教育,干预组针对患者运动自我效能进行干预。分别评估患者入组时和出院后4个月的运动自我效能,并嘱患者出院后记录运动日志(包括运动形式、频率、时间和强度等)。对完成随访且资料完整的71例患者(对照组37例,干预组34例)的数据进行分析。结果干预后,干预组运动自我效能得分和运动频率、时间及强度显著优于对照组(P0.05,P0.01)。结论运动自我效能干预能有效提高心力衰竭患者的运动自我效能水平,改善家庭运动行为。     

Effects of allopurinol on renal function in patients with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background/ObjectiveDiabetes mellitus is a common “non-gout” disease with high incidence. Several studies have shown that serum uric acid level in patients with diabetes is higher than that in healthy individuals, and is accompanied by severe albuminuria and high serum creatinine (Scr). Recent clinical studies have found that uric acid-lowering therapy (such as allopurinol) could reduce urinary albumin excretion rates (UAER) and Scr, increase eGFR, and thus reduce kidney damage in patients with diabetes. Therefore, this meta-analysis [PROSPERO CRD42021274465] intended to evaluate the efficacy and safety of allopurinol in patients with diabetes mellitus.MethodsWe thoroughly searched five electronic resource databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the efficacy and safety of allopurinol versus conventional treatment or placebo for the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus. Predetermined outcomes were considered continuous variables, mean difference (MD) was used for the determination of effect size (standardized mean difference [SMD] was used to determine the effect size when there were different evaluation criteria in different articles), and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated. All outcome measures were analyzed using a random-effects model for data analysis.ResultsTen eligible trials with a total of 866 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Allopurinol was more effective in decreasing serum uric acid (SUA) levels compared with conventional treatment (p = 0.0001) or placebo (p < 0.00001). Moreover, the levels of 24-hour urine protein were significantly lower in the allopurinol group (p < 0.00001). The subgroup analysis of Scr showed that the Scr of patients with an allopurinol treatment duration of fewer than six months was significantly lower than that of the control group (p = 0.03). No significant difference in adverse events (AEs) was identified between the treatment and control groups.ConclusionsOur meta-analysis of RCTs showed that oral administration of allopurinol effectively reduced SUA levels in patients with diabetes, and patients’ renal function was protected. More RCTs with larger sample sizes and higher quality are needed to clarify the role of allopurinol use in decreasing blood pressure, maintaining blood glucose levels, and improving renal function in patients with diabetes.     

Prevalence of pressure ulcer and related factors in orthopaedic wards: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to provide an overview of the prevalence of pressure ulcers (PU) in orthopaedic wards. A comprehensive, systematic search was conducted in different international electronic databases, such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Persian electronic databases such as Iranmedex, and Scientific Information Database (SID) using keywords extracted from Medical Subject Headings such as “Prevalence”, “Pressure ulcer”, “Pressure sore”, and “Orthopaedics” from the earliest to February 1, 2023. The appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies (AXIS tool) evaluates the quality of the included studies. Finally, 11 studies were included in the final analysis. The results indicated that the prevalence of PU in orthopaedic departments was 18% (ES: 0.18, 95% CI: 0.10–0.26, Z = 4.53, I²: 99.09%). Although the odds ratio of PU was lower in men than women, it was not statistically significant (OR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.74–1.11, Z = 0.95, I²: 17.4%, P = .34). Also, results showed the prevalence of PU was higher among studies with a sample size of more than 200 (ES: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.10–0.28, Z = 4.07, I²: 99.1%), Europe region (ES: 0.20, 95% CI: 0.14–0.26, Z = 6.7, I²: 93.0%) and prospective design (ES: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.18–0.27, Z = 9.47, I²: 83.3%) when compared with other sub-groups. In sum, considering the 18% prevalence of PU in the orthopaedic department, it is recommended to focus on detecting risk factors and design interventions to reduce PU in the patients admitted orthopaedic department.     

Efficacy and safety of expanded hemodialysis in hemodialysis patients: a meta-analysis and systematic review

BackgroundExpanded hemodialysis (HDx) is a new dialysis modality, but a systematic review of the clinical effects of using HDx is lacking. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of HDx for hemodialysis (HD) patients.MethodsPubMed, the Cochrane library, and EMBASE databases were systematically searched for prospective interventional studies comparing the efficacy and safety of HDx with those of high flux HD or HDF in HD patients.ResultsEighteen trials including a total of 853 HD patients were enrolled. HDx increased the reduction ratio (RR) of β2-microglobulin (SMD 6.28%, 95% CI 0.83, 1.73, p = .02), κFLC (SMD 15.86%, 95% CI 6.96, 24.76, p = .0005), and λFLC (SMD 22.42%, 95% CI, 17.95, 26.88, p < .0001) compared with high flux HD. The RR of β2-microglobulin in the HDx group was lower than that in the HDF group (SMD −3.53%, 95% CI −1.16, −1.9, p < .0001). HDx increased the RRs of κFLC (SMD 1.34%, 95% CI 0.52, 2.16, p = .001) and λFLC (SMD 7.28%, 95% CI 1.08, 13.48, p = .02) compared to HDF. There was no significant difference in albumin loss into the dialysate between the HDx and HDF groups (SMD 0.35 g/session, 95% CI −2.38, 3.09, p = .8).ConclusionsThis meta-analysis indicated that compared with high-flux HD and HDF, HDx can increase the clearance of medium and large-molecular-weight uremic toxins. And it does not increase the loss of albumin compared with HDF.     

持续高眼压状态下手术治疗急性闭角型青光眼33例

目的探讨对降眼压治疗效果不佳的闭角型青光眼在高眼压状态下行手术治疗的疗效。方法回顾性分析笔者所在医院2007年5月～2010年10月治疗的33例33眼应用药物不能控制眼压的急性闭角型青光眼患者,所有患者均行复合式小梁切除术治疗。术后随访6～12个月。结果所有患者手术均顺利完成,术中术后均未出现严重并发症,术后视力获得明显的提高;术后1周所有患者眼压均在8～11mmHg,经6～12个月随访,患者眼压基本控制在14.36～21.58mmHg。结论原发性闭角型青光眼持续高眼压状态下的复合式小梁切除术是安全有效的。手术治疗的术前、术中、术后都应积极处理高眼压,提高手术的成功率,预防和减少术中及术后并发症的发生。     

氨甲环酸用于首次髋关节置换术的系统评价和Meta分析

[目的]评价氨甲环酸对首次全髋关节置换术中及术后失血量等指标的影响及其安全性.[方法]利用互联网全面检索数据库Ovid(1966 ～2012年11月)、PubMed(1966 ～2012年11月)、sciencedirect(1980～2012年11月),根据纳入排除标准,最后检索出氨甲环酸在首次全髋关节置换术中应用的高质量前瞻性随机对照研究,提取数据,采用RevMan 5.0软件进行Meta分析,根据分析结果得出结论.[结果]经过全面严格筛选,共纳入高质量(Jadad评分不少于3分)前瞻性随机对照研究13篇.Meta分析结果显示,使用氨甲环酸可以减少病人平均总失血量294.2 ml(95％ CI-385.28 ～-203.04,P＜0.000 01)、平均减少术中出血88.87 ml(95％CI-140.59～-37.16,P=0.000 8)、平均减少术后出血155.43ml(95％CI-254.27 ～-56.60,P=0.002);氨甲环酸可以显著降低输血率19％(95％CI-0.31 ～-0.36);两组间深静脉血栓、肺栓塞发生率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.1).[结论]氨甲环酸能有效减少首次全髋关节置换术的失血量、降低输血率,且并未增加术后DVT及PE的发生率.     

Efficacy of statins on renal function in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundStudies have shown that the use of statins could significantly improve lipid profiles; however, it remains controversial whether the use of statins could improve renal function in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the effects of statins on renal function in patients with CKD.MethodsWe systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library databases for eligible RCTs from inception to October 2020. Pooled effect estimates were assigned as weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using the random-effects model.ResultsWe selected 33 RCTs that recruited 37,391 patients with CKD patients. The summary results suggested that statin use significantly reduced urinary albumin (WMD: −2.04; 95%CI: −3.53 to −0.56; p = .007) and protein (WMD: −0.58; 95%CI: −0.95 to −0.21; p = .002) excretions and increased creatinine clearance (WMD: 0.86; 95%CI: 0.32–1.41; p = .002). However, there were no significant differences between statin and control groups in terms of changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (WMD: 0.38; 95%CI: −0.04 to 0.79; p = .075), and serum creatinine levels (WMD: −0.07; 95%CI: −0.25, 0.12; p = .475).ConclusionsWe found that statin use in patients with CKD may slow CKD progression by lowering urinary albumin and protein excretions or increasing creatinine clearance. Further large-scale RCTs should be conducted to evaluate the long-term effects of statins on renal outcomes. Abbreviations: CKD: chronic kidney disease; RCT: randomized controlled trials; WMD: weighted mean differences; CI: confidence intervals; ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate     

Prognostic factors in patients with spinal metastasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Context

Incidence of symptomatic spinal metastasis has increased owing to improvement in treatment of the disease. One of the key factors that influences decision-making is expected patient survival. To our knowledge, no systematic reviews or meta-analysis have been conducted that review independent prognostic factors in spinal metastases.

Hydroxychloroquine in IgA nephropathy: a systematic review

BackgroundHydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has recently been reported to be a promising and safe anti-proteinuric agent for IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients. In the present systematic review, we aimed to summarize the evidence concerning the benefits and risks of HCQ therapy in IgAN.MethodsElectronic databases were searched for randomized, cohort, or case-control studies with IgAN biopsy-proven patients comparing the effects of HCQ with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers or immunosuppression on proteinuria reduction.ResultsFive studies, one randomized and three observational, involving a total of 504 patients, were eligible for inclusion. Overall, there was a tendency of HCQ treatment to reduce proteinuria. In the studies where the control arm was supportive therapy, HCQ significantly reduced proteinuria at 6 months. However, in the studies that compared HCQ to immunosuppressive therapy, we found no difference in proteinuria reduction. HCQ had no impact on eGFR.ConclusionHCQ seems to be an efficient alternative therapy for patients with IgAN who insufficiently respond to conventional therapy. However, ethnically diverse randomized controlled studies with long-term follow-up are needed.