人工髋关节置换术后的护理体会

目的临床上通过实施人工髋关节置换术后的护理,达到减少或杜绝并发症的发生,缩短疗程,促进其早日功能恢复。方法对本组50例术后患者,给予采取心理护理、一般护理、切口护理、术后并发症的预防护理、康复性功能锻炼等护理措施。结果本组50例术后患者伤口全部甲级愈合,无一例发生合并症,术后随访其功能,均得到良好的恢复。结论通过实施做好人工髋关节置换术后护理,能减少并发症的发生,促使其功能早日康复具有重要的临床价值。     

人工髋关节置换术后早期康复护理的体会

目的总结人工髋关节置换术后早期康复护理的体会。方法选取2017-03—2017-04间在嵩县人民医院接受人工髋关节置换术的38例患者,术后在做好切口、疼痛、并发症的预防等常规护理的基础上,给予心理疏导、功能锻炼指导、出院教育等康复护理。结果 38例患者均获6个月随访。末次随访,38例患者髋关节Harris评分为82～90分,平均87.96分。其间未发生感染、髋关节脱位、下肢深静脉血栓形成等并发症。结论对接受人工髋关节置换术的患者,术后在常规护理的基础上,加强早期科学、系统的康复护理,是患者获得髋关节功能良好恢复和提高生活质量的重要保证。     

人工髋关节置换术患者护理体会

目的 使全髋关节置换术病人得到有效的护理。方法 对46例人工髋关节置换术患者给予护理干预。结果 术后均治愈出院。结论 通过人工髋关节置换术护理，能有效减少并发症的发生，术后病人能早期下床活动和早期康复出院。     

高原患者髋关节置换术后谵妄的危险因素分析

目的 探讨全麻下行髋关节置换术的高原患者发生术后谵妄（POD）的危险因素。
方法 选择择期行全麻髋关节置换术的高原患者1 010例,男373例,女637例,年龄24～76岁,BMI 19.0～34.7 kg/m²,ASA Ⅰ—Ⅲ级。根据术后7 d内是否发生谵妄分为两组：POD组和非POD组,采用多因素Logistic回归分析确定行髋关节置换术的高原患者发生POD的相关危险因素。
结果 术后7 d内有120例（11.9%）患者发生POD。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄（每增加10岁,OR=2.106,95%CI 1.616～2.745,P<0.001）、脑梗死病史（OR=9.712,95%CI 3.620～26.055,P<0.001）、术后中重度疼痛（OR=6.826,95%CI 2.991～15.578,P<0.001）以及常居海拔高度3 500～4 500 m（OR=2.844,95%CI 1.448～5.587,P=0.002）和高原红细胞增多症（OR=5.374,95%CI 3.900～7.404,P<0.001）是发生POD的危险因素。
结论 年龄、脑梗死病史、术后中重度疼痛以及常居海拔高度3 500～4 500 m和高原红细胞增多症是高原患者全麻下髋关节置换发生POD的危险因素。     

人工髋关节置换术患者的围术期护理

目的总结人工髋关节置换术患者的围术期护理经验。方法报告了96例患者髋关节置换术的围术期护理,术前护理重点:首先要正确评估病情及手术耐受力,有针对性地做好心理护理;进行术前心肺功能训练及体位锻炼,加强患者营养,增强机体免疫力及术后伤口愈合力,做好术前常规准备。术后密切观察生命体征及手术切口情况,保证功能体位,心肺功能有效训练,下肢功能康复训练。结果96例患者术后恢复良好,本组未发生皮肤压疮、肺部感染、栓塞性静脉炎、髋关节脱位等并发症。术后随访6个月～10年,髋关节活动功能良好。结论合理而周密的围术期护理是保证患者获得良好治疗顺利康复的重要医疗环节。     

人工全髋关节置换术前后护理

人工全髋关节置换术可以达到解除髋部疼痛、保持关节稳定、关节活动较好及调整双下肢长度等治疗目的，其手术近期效果往往为其他手术所不及，是成年人髋关节成形手术中最常用的手术方法之一。我院自１９９４年来对５４例病人作了人工全髋关节置换术，通过这些病例，体会到...     

人工髋关节置换术后的康复护理

<正>人工髋关节置换术可以解决患者髋关节疼痛,恢复关节功能,改进走路能力,使大多数骨关节病患者从痛苦中解脱出来。目前,它已成为骨科一种重要的治疗方法。近年来,我科进行了25例人工髋关节置换术,术后经过对患者进行康复训练及护理,使患者早期恢复关节功能,有效降低了各种并发症的发     

髋关节人工假体置换术后感染与对策

目的： 为了寻找髋关节人工假体置换术后感染最佳对策。方法： 对１９７６ 年１０ 月～１９９８ 年２ 月治疗的髋关节人工假体置换术后感染１０ 例进行回顾性分析。结果： １０ 例中７ 例属于早期感染， 其中１ 例死于糖尿病、２ 例经闭合冲洗感染得以控制、３ 例翻修、１ 例融合。１０ 例中３ 例晚期感染闭合冲洗无效。感染假体是否取出要看有无松动。最好对策还是加强预防。     

人工全髋关节置换术的术后护理

人工全髋关节置换是治疗老年人骰骨颈骨折和股骨头缺血性坏死等髋关节疾患的重要方法。而人工全髋义节术后康复护理和功能锻炼,对病人术后功能恢复至关重要,不仅可以帮助患者及时恢复关节功能,提高于术的疗效和生活质量,而且可以减少和预防各种并发症的发生。我科自2005年6月至2009年12月以来,对235例人工全髋关节置换术患者,施行整体护理,取得满意的效果。现将护理体会报告如下。     

人工髋关节置换术后肢体康复护理23例

人工髋关节置换术是用人造髋关节代替已无法正常使用的病损髋火节,解决畸形、疼痛和功能障碍,恢复和改善髋关节运动的手术.但由于髋关节术后的康复未引起足够的重视,影响r治疗效果,往往不能达到术前期待的疗效.有学者认为,髋关节置换术后早期的康复训练足保证和巩固手术效果,促进功能康复的重要方法.     

全腔静脉-肺动脉连接术后顽固性胸腔积液患者的护理

对复杂先天性心脏病行Ⅰ期或分期全腔静脉-肺动脉连接术后并发顽固性胸腔积液的28例患者,在积极改善心功能等支持治疗基础上,采取缓解上腔静脉梗堵综合征,必要时进行胸膜固定治疗的护理,加强引流管护理和营养支持等护理措施。结果27例治愈出院,1例因多器官功能衰竭死亡。     

Teach-back用于全膝关节置换患者术后康复指导

目的探讨Teach-back健康教育应用于全膝关节置换患者术后康复的效果。方法选择符合标准的全膝关节置换术患者144例,随机分为干预组和对照组各72例,对照组给予常规健康教育,干预组采用Teach-back进行康复指导,包括成立健康教育小组、编写全膝关节置换术患者出院健康手册并实施干预。结果干预3个月后,干预组患者服药依从性、HSS膝关节评分及生活质量评分显著高于对照组(P0.05,P0.01)。结论 Teach-back健康教育有利于提高全膝关节置换术患者的服药依从性,改善康复效果。     

预防腰椎术后患者谵妄的综合护理干预

目的探讨综合护理对腰椎手术患者术后谵妄的干预效果。方法将160例择期腰椎手术患者随机分成干预组与对照组各80例,对照组按照术后常规护理,干预组在此基础上实施综合护理干预措施,包括心理护理、再定向干预及术后视听干预等。结果干预组术后谵妄发生率显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论综合护理干预能有效降低腰椎患者术后谵妄的发生率,促进患者的术后康复。     

Dislocation after total hip arthroplasty

Dislocation is one of the most common complications after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Risk factors include neuromuscular and cognitive disorders, patient non-compliance, and previous hip surgery. Surgical considerations that must be addressed include approach, soft-tissue tension, component positioning, impingement, head size, acetabular liner profile, and surgeon experience. Recent improvements in posterior soft-tissue repair after primary THA have shown a reduced incidence of dislocation. When dislocation occurs, a thorough history, physical examination, and radiographic assessment help in choosing the proper intervention. Closed reduction usually is possible, and nonsurgical management frequently succeeds in preventing recurrence. When these measures fail, first-line revision options should target the underlying etiology. This most often involves tensioning or augmentation of soft tissues, as in capsulorrhaphy or trochanteric advancement; correction of malpositioned components; or improving the head-to-neck ratio. If instability persists, or if a primary THA repeatedly dislocates without a clear cause, a constrained cup or bipolar femoral prosthesis may be as effective as a salvage procedure.     

Instability after total hip arthroplasty

Instability following total hip arthroplasty (THA) is an unfortunately frequent and serious problem that requires thorough evaluation and preoperative planning before surgical intervention. Prevention through optimal index surgery is of great importance, as the management of an unstable THA is challenging even for an experienced joints surgeon. However, even after well-planned surgery, a significant incidence of recurrent instability still exists. Non-operative management is often successful if the components are well-fixed and correctly positioned in the absence of neurocognitive disorders. If conservative management fails, surgical options include revision of malpositioned components; exchange of modular components such as the femoral head and acetabular liner; bipolar arthroplasty; tripolar arthroplasty; use of a larger femoral head; use of a constrained liner; soft tissue reinforcement and advancement of the greater trochanter.     

The infected hip after total hip arthroplasty

We studied the cases of fifty-two patients with an infection at the site of a prosthetic total hip replacement, and are reporting the significant clinical features, infecting organisms, methods of treatment, and results at long-term follow-up. Forty-eight per cent of the hips had had an operation prior to the index arthroplasty, and 42 per cent had a wound complication. All patients had pain in the infected hip, but only 54 per cent had an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of more than thirty millimeters per hour, 44 per cent had fever, and 15 per cent had leukocytosis. In 88 per cent of the patients a single organism was grown on culture, and Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli were present in about 75 per cent. When antibiotic therapy alone was the initial treatment, the infection was eradicated in only one patient. Excisional arthroplasty was the definitive surgical procedure in thirty-three patients and the infection was eradicated in twenty-seven of them, but the clinical result was satisfactory in only twenty. Of ten patients who had a true Girdlestone arthroplasty, none had recurrence of the infection and all had a clinically satisfactory outcome.     

全髋关节置换术后患者规范化疼痛管理

目的探讨全髋关节置换术后患者规范化疼痛管理的效果。方法将101例初次单侧髋关节置换患者随机分成对照组(51例)和干预组(50例)。对照组采用常规护理,干预组在此基础上由疼痛管理小组给予规范化疼痛管理,比较两组术后72 h疼痛结局。结果两组术后不同时间静息疼痛及活动疼痛评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01);术后72 h干预组疼痛控制结局显著优于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论对初次单侧全髋关节置换患者实施规范化疼痛管理,可以改善疼痛结局,有助于提高患者生活质量。     

Dislocation after total hip arthroplasty

Hip dislocation has long been one of the major complications after total hip arthroplasty (THA). From 1980 to 1994, we performed 2728 THAs (including primary and revision cases). There were 97 hips (3. 6%) with the complication of dislocation, 62 of which were followed up for at least 2 years (mean 5.3 years; range 2-12 years). Single dislocations occurred in 40% and recurrent dislocations in 60%. More than half of the dislocations (58%) occurred within 3 months after the index operation. The dislocation rate was not related to sex, age, previous revision surgery, or types of prosthesis, but was related to a smaller size of the femoral head. The rate of recurrent dislocation was not related to a history of previous surgery, but was related to a smaller femoral head, late onset of dislocation (> 3 months), soft-tissue imbalance, and cup malposition in both anteversion and inclination. If the size of the femoral head was 26 mm or smaller, a posterior approach was not recommended. Closed reduction followed by 1-2 weeks of skin traction was the treatment of choice. The success rate for the first attempt at closed reduction for the treatment of dislocation was 41%; the success rate decreased gradually with the number of attempts. For the recurrent dislocation group, bracing for 4-6 weeks with training was recommended for the postural type and bracing for 3 months with muscle training for the soft-tissue imbalance type. Only 15% of the dislocated hips needed re-operation, and most of the patients resolved the problem after being informed and undergoing muscle training.     

Infection after total hip arthroplasty

Total hip joint replacement offers dramatic improvement in the quality of life but deep infection is the most feared complication of this procedure. The infection threatens the function of the joint, the preservation of the limb, and occasionally even the life of the patient. For the surgeon it is a disastrous anticlimax, which follows a procedure that may have given the patient freedom from pain and increased mobility.