缩短肾活检术后卧床时间的探讨

本文探讨缩短肾穿刺活检术后卧床时间的可行性和安全性，报道如下。资料与方法一、临床资料选择2005年6月至2007年6月在我科行B超引导下经皮肾穿刺活检术的患者124例，按入院先后顺序将其编号，偶数为实验组、奇数为对照组。实验组61例，男25例、女36例，平均年龄（33．8±24）岁。对照组63例，男35例、女28例，平均年龄（31．3±3．1）岁。     

经皮冠状动脉介入术后患者卧位及其时间的研究

目的 探讨经皮冠状动脉腔介入术(PCI)后患者的卧位及卧床时间对患者舒适度及并发症的影响.方法 将140例患者按时问先后分为A组(60例)和B组(80例),A组术后采用常规护理,穿刺点弹性绷带包扎并用1 kg沙袋压迫8 h,保持术侧肢体制动、平卧24 h后下床活动;B组术后床头抬高30°,穿刺点弹性绷带包扎,术肢伸直,平卧2 h后改术侧卧位、坐位或半坐位,12 h后下床活动.结果 B组术后烦躁、腰酸背痛、排尿困难、睡眠差、无食欲等不舒适发生率显著低于A组(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);两组患者术后并发症发生率比较,差异无显著性意义(均P＞0.05).结论 改进PCI术后患者卧位及其时间可提高患者舒适度.     

肝穿刺活检术后体位压迫预防出血

肝脏病理检查是肝病诊断中的"金标准"。肝脏病理标本常通过肝穿刺获取,其中出血是肝穿刺活检最危险的并发症。为了尽可能降低出血并发症,笔者于2007年3月至2010年9月对126例肝穿刺活检术后患者采用体位压迫预防肝穿后出血,无一例发生出血,报告如下。     

CT引导下行肝穿刺活检术的护理

腹部疾病尤其是肝脏疾病仅靠影像学往往难以作出明确的诊断。近年来由于影像设备的改善和细胞学、病理学、组织学的进步，得以在影像设备引导下进行肝穿刺活检术[1]。我院1996年2～12月在CT引导下进行肝穿刺活检术24例，均获成功，使肝癌病人获得早诊断。早治疗。1临床资料24例门诊病人，男16例，女8例，年龄39～72岁。穿刺术均获成功，其中22例抽出组织液、组织或血液，2例抽出淡红色脓性液体。病理检查结果：腺癌18例，肝脓疡2例，少量可疑癌细胞4例。术后无出血、空气栓塞和感染等并发症。2术前准备2．1物品准备：①全身CT扫描机进行训…     

CT引导下的经皮胸椎穿刺活检术

经皮椎弓根技术是经皮椎体活检术、经皮椎体成形术(percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP)、经皮后凸成形术(percu-taneous kyphoplasty,PKP)在普及和推广中的关键技术。胸椎椎弓根较细且与重要器官毗邻,所以胸椎椎弓根闭合穿刺技术较腰椎更加复杂。“C”型臂X线机引导的椎弓根穿刺     

经皮经肝穿刺胆道引流术治疗肝移植术后胆道狭窄

目的 探讨经皮经肝穿刺胆道引流术治疗肝移植术后胆道狭窄的安全性和有效性。方法 2020年1月～2020年9月收集的10例肝移植术后胆道吻合口狭窄患者应用经皮经肝穿刺胆道引流术治疗,年龄38～74岁,平均(54.5±12.3)岁,其中男性6例,女性4例,观察患者的临床资料、随访资料、介入治疗的并发症以及患者预后等情况。结果 经皮经肝穿刺胆道引流术治疗肝移植术后胆道狭窄的技术成功率100%,临床有效率90%(9/10),其中8例成功拔管,1例继续带管随访中,1例因术后胆红素下降不明显,行2次肝移植手术。8例成功拔管患者带管时间为60～250 d(106.6±62.4)d,所有患者均未出现腹腔出血、胆道出血、胆漏等严重并发症。结论 经皮经肝穿刺胆道引流术治疗肝移植术后胆道狭窄是安全、有效的。     

经皮肾活检术后沙袋压迫时间探讨

自开展肾活检术以来,为了预防术后出血,穿刺后常规用沙袋压迫穿刺处,外加腹带包扎,绝对卧床24 h.而临床上由于穿刺部位在一侧肾下极,平卧时沙袋位于脊柱旁的肋缘下,导致多数病人舒适度下降,睡眠差。鉴此。笔者于     

经皮穿刺活检胸腰椎病变临床研究

[目的]回顾性研究分析影像设备引导下经皮经椎弓根穿刺活检胸腰椎病变技术的安全性及有效性。[方法]97例胸腰椎病变患者行经椎弓根穿刺活检术。在C型臂X线机或CT的引导下采用11G型号穿刺针经皮经椎弓根穿刺入病灶内留取标本。穿刺标本经组织病理学检查,并评价此技术的准确性及有效性。[结果]所有病例均完成穿刺过程,穿刺成功率100%,无严重并发症发生。总的穿刺活检病理诊断准确率92.8%,其中胸椎穿刺诊断准确率88.6%,腰椎为95.2%。[结论]经皮穿刺活检胸腰椎病变是一种安全有效的技术。     

经皮肝穿刺射频消融对肝癌术后复发的治疗意义

再次手术切除是原发性肝癌术后复发获得根治性治疗的重要手段，但能够获得再次手术切除患者的比率非常低.其他无再次手术指征的患者目前常采用的治疗方法有肝动脉化疗栓塞(transcatheter arterial chemoembolization,TACE)、射频消融、微波消融、氩氮冷凝、无水乙醇瘤内注射、高强聚焦超声等。我们对1999年10月～2002年10月的77例无再次手术指征的复发性肝癌患者行B超引导经皮     

Reduction of renal stone risk by potassium-magnesium citrate during 5 weeks of bed rest

PURPOSE: Exposure to the microgravity environment of space increases the risk of kidney stone formation, particularly for calcium oxalate and uric acid stones. This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of potassium alkali as potassium-magnesium citrate in reducing renal stone risk and bone turnover. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was performed as a double-blind, placebo controlled trial. We studied 20 normocalciuric subjects randomized to either placebo or potassium-magnesium citrate (42 mEq potassium, 21 mEq magnesium, 63 mEq citrate per day) before and during 5 weeks of strict bed rest. The study was performed in the General Clinical Research Center and under a controlled dietary regimen composed of 100 mEq of sodium, 800 mg of calcium, 0.8 gm/kg animal protein and 2,200 kcal per day. Two 24-hour urine collections were obtained under oil each week for assessment of stone risk parameters and relative saturation of calcium oxalate, brushite and undissociated uric acid. Blood was also collected for determination of serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone and vitamin D metabolites. RESULTS: Bed rest promoted a rapid increase in urinary calcium excretion of approximately 50 mg per day in both groups. Despite this increase subjects treated with potassium-magnesium citrate demonstrated significant decreases in the relative saturation of calcium oxalate and in the concentration of undissociated uric acid compared to placebo. Immunoreactive parathyroid hormone, serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and intestinal calcium absorption all decreased in both groups with no difference in response between the 2 treatment arms. CONCLUSIONS: Provision of alkali as potassium-magnesium citrate is an effective countermeasure for the increased risk of renal stone disease associated with immobilization. Despite an increase in urine calcium concentration, the relative saturation of calcium oxalate decreased due to citrate chelation of calcium and the concentration of undissociated uric acid decreased due to the significant increase in urine pH.     

经皮肾穿刺活检术中的临床应用

经皮肾穿刺活检术是较为安全、准确的肾肿瘤诊断方法。良性肾肿瘤通常无需手术治疗,穿刺活检术可以用于良性肾肿瘤的诊断,使患者避免不必要的外科治疗。经皮肾穿刺活检能明确肿瘤性质,为临床医师选择合理的治疗方案提供重要依据。目前经皮肾穿刺活检也应用于射频消融治疗肾肿瘤术后病灶残留或复发的评估与确诊。本文就经皮肾穿刺活检的诊断效果、适应证及风险作一综述。     

Histologic heterogeneity of masses at percutaneous breast biopsy

The purpose of this study was to determine whether different histologic findings are obtained from different areas of breast masses seen on mammography when targeted on stereotactic breast biopsy. Twenty-one masses (mean size, 1.8 cm; range, 0.7–5.5 cm) underwent stereotactic biopsy using a 14-gauge directional vacuum-assisted biopsy probe (Mammotome, Biopsys/Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Cincinnati, OH). The central and peripheral areas of the mass were targeted and biopsied separately, and histologic findings from the targeted center and periphery were compared. Six of 21 masses (29%) were heterogeneous, yielding different histologic results from the targeted center and periphery. In 4 heterogeneous masses, which constituted 4 of 21 masses (19%) in this study, surgical biopsy was recommended on the basis of findings obtained from only the center ( n = 2) or the periphery ( n = 2). Stereotactic biopsy findings in these 4 masses were atypia in 3 and radial scar in 1; none of these 4 masses had carcinoma at surgery. In all 4 masses that proved to be malignant, the diagnosis of carcinoma was made in specimens obtained from both the targeted center and the periphery of the mass. Breast masses can be heterogeneous, yielding different histologic findings from different areas of the mass. Our data suggest that sampling part but not all of a mass may miss certain histologic components of the mass, but should not result in a failure to diagnose carcinoma.     

Spinal bone mineral after 5 weeks of bed rest

Summary Patients put at bedrest for medical reasons lose 1–2% of spinal bone mineral per week. Losses of this magnitude during even shortterm space flights of a few months would pose a serious limitation and require countermeasures. The spinal bone mineral (L2–L4) was determined in 6 healthy males (precision=2%) before and after 5 weeks of complete bed rest. Only one individual had a significant loss (3%) and the −0.9% mean change for the 6, was not significant (P=0.06). The average negative clacium balance during the 5 weeks was 4 g or 0.36% of total body calcium, similar to that reported in other bed-rest studies. Spinal bone loss, however, in healthy bed-rested males is significantly less than reported for bed-rested patients, suggesting that a large loss of spinal bone mineral does not occur during space flight missions lasting 5 weeks or less.     

不同卧床时间对心脏起搏器植入术后患者功能恢复的影响

目的探讨不同卧床时间对心脏起搏器植入术后患者功能恢复的影响.方法将146例行心脏起搏嚣植入术后患者随机分为观察组和对照组各73例,对照组术后常规卧床72 h,观察组术后卧床12 h,比较两组患者术后起搏器功能、并发症发生率、拆线时间及术后住院时间.结果观察组起搏器起搏功能感知障碍发生率为5.5%,对照组为8.2%,两组比较,差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05);观察组术后并发症发生率显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);拆线时间、住院时间显著短于对照组(均P＜0.05).结论缩短卧床时间对患者术后起搏器功能无影响,可提高患者术后舒适度,减少并发症的发生,有利于伤口愈合、降低感染率、缩短住院时间.     

The significance of atypical lobular hyperplasia at percutaneous breast biopsy

Atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH) is occasionally found in specimens obtained by percutaneous stereotactic vacuum-assisted breast biopsy for microcalcifications. Since malignancy is often found at surgical excision when atypical ductal hyperplasia is found at percutaneous biopsy, we reviewed our pathologic findings from surgery for ALH at percutaneous biopsy. This was a retrospective review of all percutaneous breast biopsy specimens for mammographic microcalcifications obtained from a single institution over a 30-month period. The pathologic findings from percutaneous biopsy were correlated with the radiologic appearance and the pathology from surgical excision. ALH was found in 13 of 766 (1.7%) stereotactic vacuum-assisted core needle biopsies performed for mammographic microcalcifications. Subsequent surgery in six patients revealed ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in two patients and one case of invasive ductal carcinoma. Surgical excision is indicated for areas with ALH discovered by percutaneous biopsy for mammographic microcalcifications.